Kuze kube manje, izinkampani ze-pharmacological zikhiqiza amalungiselelo e-insulin ahlukahlukene kashukela, okuhloselwe ukujova. Le mishanguzo ehlukene ingaba namagama ahlukene, ikhwalithi nezindleko. Omunye wabo yiHumalog insulin.
I-Pharmacodynamics
I-humalog insulin iyi-analogue ephindaphindayo ye-DNA ye-hormone evezwe umzimba womuntu. Umehluko phakathi kweHumalog ne-insulin yemvelo ukulandelana okuphambene kwe-amino acid ezikhundleni ezingama-29 no-28 kwensimbi ye-insulin B. Umphumela omkhulu anawo ngumthetho we-glucose metabolism
I-Humalog nayo inomphumela we-anabolic. Kumaseli emisipha, inani lama-acid aqukethe, i-glycogen ne-glycerol, ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni kuyanda, izinga lokusebenzisa ama-amino acid liyakhuphuka, kepha ubukhulu be-glycogenolysis, gluconeogeneis, kanye nokukhululwa kwama-amino acid kunciphisa.
Emzimbeni weziguli ezinesifo sikashukela salezi zinhlobo zombili ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kweHumalog, ubukhulu be-hyperglycemia ebonakala ngemuva kokudla kuncishiswa ngezinga elikhulu maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin yabantu.
Ezigulini ezithola uhlobo lwe-basulin lwe-insulin ngasikhathi sinye nesikhathi esifushane, udinga ukukhetha umthamo wazo zombili izinhlobo ze-insulin ukufeza okuqukethwe kweglucose efanele usuku lonke.
Ngokufanayo nakwamanye amalungiselelo e-insulin, isikhathi umphumela womuthi kaHumalog uyahluka ezigulini ezihlukile noma ngezikhathi ezihlukile esigulini esisodwa. I-pharmacodynamics yeHumalog ezinganeni ihlangana ne-pharmacodynamics yayo kubantu abadala.
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi zithatha imithamo emikhulu yokuphuma kwe-sulfonylurea, ukusetshenziswa kweHumalog kubangela ukwehla okubonakalayo kwamazinga we-hemoglobin e-glycated. Lapho uHumalog esebenzisa zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, kukhona ukwehla kwenani leziqephu ze-hypoglycemic ebusuku.
Ukusabela kwe-glucodynamic kuHumalog akuhlobene nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ye-hepatic ne-renal. I-polarity yesidakamizwa isungulelwe i-insulin yomuntu, noma kunjalo, umphumela wezidakamizwa wenzeka ngokushesha futhi ugcina ungaphansi.
I-Humalog ibonakala ngokuthi umphumela wayo uqala masinyane (cishe imizuzu eyi-15) ngenxa yesilinganiso sokumunca esibalulekile, okwenza sikwazi ukusingenisa ngaphambi kokudla (ngemizuzu eyi-1-15), ngenkathi i-insulin ejwayelekile, enesikhathi esifushane sokwenza, ingabhalwa ngo-30 Imizuzu engama--45 ngaphambi kokudla.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Ngomjovo we-subcutaneous, ukumuncwa kwe-lyspro insulin kwenzeka ngokushesha, i-Cmax yayo itholakala ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2. I-Vd ye-insulin ekwakhiweni kwalesi sidakamizwa kanye ne-insulin ejwayelekile yabantu iyafana, isukela kumalitha angama-0.26 kuya kwangama-0,36 kg.
Izinkomba
Uhlobo olunesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin: ukungabekezelelani komuntu siqu kwamanye amalungiselelo e-insulin; i-postprandial hyperglycemia, engeke ilungiswe ngamanye amalungiselelo e-insulin.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingelona i-insulin: ukumelana nezidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela ezithathwe ngomlomo (malabsorption kwamanye amalungiselelo e-insulin, i-postprandial hyperglycemia, engakwazi ukulungiswa); ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kanye nezifo ezithinta umzimba (ezifaka inkambo yesifo sikashukela).
Ukusebenza
I-Dosage Humalog inqunywa ngawodwana. I-Humalog ngesimo se-vials ilawulwa ngokubandakanyekile futhi ngaphakathi nange-intramuscularly. I-humalogue ngesimo sama-cartridges kuphela onobuhlakani. Imijovo yenziwa imizuzu eyi-1-15 ngaphambi kokudla.
Ngefomu layo elihlanzekile, lesi sidakamizwa siphathwa amahlandla ama-4-6 ngosuku, sihlanganiswa namalungiselelo e-insulin ngomphumela oqhubeka isikhathi eside, kathathu ngosuku. Ubungako bomuthi owodwa awukwazi ukwedlula amayunithi angama-40. I-Humalog ku-vials ingahlanganiswa nemikhiqizo ye-insulin enomphumela omude ku-syringe eyodwa.
I-cartridge ayenzelwe ukuhlanganisa i-Humalog namanye amalungiselelo e-insulin kuyo nokuthi isetshenziswe kaningi.
Isidingo sokwehlisa umthamo we-insulin ungaqhamuka lapho kwenzeka ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate emikhiqizweni yokudla, ukucindezelwa okukhulu ngokomzimba, ukungezwa okwengeziwe kwezidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-hypoglycemic - sulfonamides, beta-blockers abangaqokwa.
Imiphumela emibi
Umphumela oyinhloko walesi sidakamizwa ubangela imiphumela elandelayo emibi: ukukhuphuka kokujuluka, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukoma. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-allergies kanye ne-lipodystrophy kungenzeka.
Ukukhulelwa
Njengamanje, akukho miphumela emibi yeHumalog ngesimo sowesifazane okhulelwe nembungu esetholakele. Azikho izifundo ezifanele ezenziwayo.
Owesifazane oneminyaka yobudala bokubeletha ophethwe yisifo sikashukela kufanele azise udokotela ngokukhulelwa okuhleliwe noma okuzayo. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, i-lactation kwesinye isikhathi idinga ukulungiswa kuthamo le-insulin noma ekudleni.
Ukweqisa
Ukubonakaliswa: ukwehla kweshukela egazini, okuhambisana nokushiswa ngamandla, ukujuluka, ukushaya ngamandla, izinhlungu ekhanda, ukugabha, ukudideka.
Ukwelashwa: ngesimo esincane, i-hypoglycemia ingamiswa ngokudla ngaphakathi kwe-glucose noma enye into eqenjini le-ushukela, noma imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela.
I-Hypoglycemia ibe sezingeni elilinganiselwe ingalungiswa ngokujova okungaphakathi kwe-glucagon nokuqhubeka nokudla okungaphakathi kwe-carbohydrate ngemuva kwesimo sesiguli singazinza.
Iziguli ezingaphenduli i-glucagon zinikezwa isisombululo se-glucose esangaphakathi. Esimweni se-coma, i-glucagon iphathwe ngokungaziphathi noma nge-intramuscularly. Uma kungekho i-glucagon noma ukusabela komjovo walesi zinto, ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwekhambi le-glucose kufanele kwenziwe.
Ngokushesha nje lapho isiguli siphaphama, kudingeka ukudla ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate. Ungadinga ukuthi uphathe ama-carbohydrate ngokuzayo, futhi uzodinga nokuqapha isiguli, ngoba kunengozi yokuphinda ubuye ne-hypoglycemia.
Isitoreji
I-Humalog kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni kwe +2 kuya ku-5 (esiqandisini). Ukuqandeka akwamukeleki. I-cartridge noma ibhodlela esevele seliqalisiwe lingahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-28 lokushisa kwasekamelweni. Udinga ukuvikela uHumalog elangeni eliqonde ngqo.
Akwamukelekile ukusebenzisa isixazululo esimweni lapho sinokubonakala okunamafu, kanye nokuqina noma umbala, futhi lapho kukhona izinhlayiya eziqinile kuwo.
Ukusebenzelana kwamakhemikhali
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic yalesi sidakamizwa uyancipha lapho uthatha inzalo yokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kuma-hormone e-thyroid, ama-beta2-adrenergic agonists, i-danazole, ama-antidepressants ama-trioclic, i-thiazide-hlobo diuretics, i-diazoxide, i-chlorprotixen, isoniazid, i-nicotinic acid, i-lithium carbonate, i-lithium carbonate.
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic weHumalog ukhuphuka nge-beta-blockers, i-ethyl alcohol nezidakamizwa eziqukethe, i-fenfluramine, i-anabolic steroid, i-tetracyclines, i-guanethine, i-salicylates, izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zomlomo, i-sulfonamides, i-ACE inhibitors kanye ne-MAO ne-octre.
I-Humalog ingasetjenziswa (ngokuya ngokugadelwa kwezokwelapha) kuhlanganiswe ne-insulin yabantu, enomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside, noma ihlanganiswe nezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zomlomo ezitholakala kwe-sulfonylurea.
