Onolwazi be-endocrinologists bavame ukubuzwa ukuthi bangaki abantu abanesifo sikashukela kuma-insulin abaphila. Lesi sifo sicasulwa ukuphazamiseka kwamanyikwe. Isitho sohlelo lwe-endocrine sikhiqiza i-insulin, i-hormone esiza ekuqothuleni ushukela.
Uma le nto inganele emzimbeni noma isakhiwo saso sishintshiwe, ushukela uqala ukunqwabelana egazini. Isilinganiso saso ngokweqile sithinta kabi zonke izinhlelo nemisebenzi.
Uhlelo lwenhliziyo lusengozini enkulu ngoba, ngenxa yokuqhela kwe-glucose egazini, izindonga zazo zonke imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi ziba mncane futhi ziqine. Isikhathi sokuphila kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela siyancishiswa hhayi ngenxa yesifo esikhona, kepha ngenxa yezinkinga nemiphumela yaso.
Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela
Ukuqonda ukuthi baphila kangakanani nesifo sikashukela kuma-insulin, udinga ukuqonda izici zesifo, inkambo yaso. Ngokushesha lapho ukuxilongwa okuyikho kwenziwa futhi ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kuqalile, kuphakama amathuba okubuyela empilweni egcwele.
Isifo sikashukela sezinhlobo ezimbili - Mina no-II. Ngaphandle kokungena imininingwane yenkambo yalesi sifo, singasho ukuthi uhlobo ngiyazalwa, bese kutholakala uhlobo II. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo Lokuqala sikhula ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-30. Lapho wenza ukutholwa okunjalo, i-insulin yokwenziwa ayikwazi ukusatshalaliswa.
Isifo sikashukela esitholwayo singumphumela wokungondleki, indlela yokuphila engasebenzi. Kwenzeka kaningi kubantu asebekhulile, kepha kancane kancane lesi sifo siba mncane. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuvame ukwenziwa kubantu abasha abaneminyaka engama-35-40.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, imijovo ye-insulin ayidingeki njalo. Ungaguqula ushukela wakho wegazi ngokulawula indlela odla ngayo. Kuzofanele siyeke ama-dessert, ufulawa, imifino ethosiwe nezithelo. Ukudla okunjalo kunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Uma ungakuqapheli ngokucophelela ukudla okudlayo, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, kuzodingeka imithamo eyengeziwe ye-insulin.
Ukuthi isifo sikashukela sihlala isikhathi esingakanani ku-insulin ngqo kuya ngokuthi ukutholwa kwaso kwenziwa kanjani ngesikhathi. Sonke kudingeka sazi izimpawu zesifo esibucayi se-endocrinological ukuze sigweme imiphumela yaso emibi uma kungenzeka kutholakale isikhathi.
Lolu hlu lubandakanya:
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe;
- Ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla;
- Umlomo owomile oqhubekayo;
- Ukuzizwa womile;
- Ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki;
- Ukucasuka ngokweqile.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesimpawu esisodwa noma eziningana ngasikhathi sinye kufanele kukwazise. Kungcono ukuthi unikele ngokushesha ngegazi nomchamo ukuze unqume izinga labo loshukela. Lokhu kuhlaziya kwenziwa ngokushesha, kepha ukuze uthole umphumela onokwethenjelwa, akufanele udle amaswidi amaningi ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.
Izifundo ezingeziwe zinganquma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwerejimeni yokwelashwa elandelayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuyisiqinisekiso se-prognosis enhle yokwelashwa okuzayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela asikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele, umuthi wesimanje ne-pharmacology ungasindisa iziguli ekubonakalisweni kwesifo okubi futhi zandise impilo yazo.
Lapho kudingeka imijovo eyengeziwe ye-insulin
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, i-insulin ayakhiqizwa nhlobo ngamanyikwe. Uma le hormone ingekho emzimbeni, ushukela uqongelela. Kutholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yokudla, ngakho-ke kungukudla kuphela okungakwazi ukunxephezela ukungabi nalutho. Kudingeka imijovo yama-synthetic e-hormone.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-insulin yokwenziwa kukhulu. I-ultrashort, imfishane, yinde, yinde. Lezi zici zincike ijubane lesenzo. I-Ultrashort insulin ngokushesha iphula ushukela emzimbeni, ifaka ukwehla okuqinile ekugxileni kwayo egazini, kepha ubude bayo yimizuzu eyi-10-15.
I-insulin ende isiza ukugcina amazinga evamile kashukela isikhathi eside. Ukukhetha kahle izidakamizwa kuqinisekisa isimo esivamile sesiguli. Noma yikuphi ukugxuma okubukhali kuzinkomba ezinjalo kuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Kuyingozi kakhulu izinga likashukela egazini, futhi eliphansi kakhulu.
Ukuze uhlakulele irejimeni efanelekile yokuphatha umuthi, kubalulekile ukukala izinga likashukela kaningana ngosuku. Namuhla, amadivaysi akhethekile - ama-glucometer ayasiza kulokhu. Akumele uye kulabhorethri uyohlolwa. Uhlelo luhlaziya ngokuzenzakalela amazinga kashukela. Inqubo ayinabuhlungu.
Isikhafu esikhethekile senza ukubhoboza emunweni. Ithonsi legazi elingelona lomoya libekwa emseleni wokuvivinya, imiphumela yamanje ivele ngokushesha kwibhodi yamaphuzu kagesi.
Udokotela ohambelayo uyichaza kahle inqubo yokwelashwa. Kuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba kuya ngeveli yamanje kashukela. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho impilo yesiguli enesifo esibi esingalapheki iqhubeke isikhathi eside.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesifo sohlobo I no-2 sikashukela
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, amanyikwe awakhiqizi i-insulin nhlobo. Esikhathini sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, umthamo wawo awanele ukuphula ushukela wonke emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho, izinga leshukela likhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Kulesi sigaba, ukwethulwa kwe-insulin eyengeziwe akudingekile, ngoba i-pancreas ekugcineni ilahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo uma izinto ezikhiqizayo zivela ngaphandle.
Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi baphila malini nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuya ngezinto eziningi:
- Ngabe isiguli silandela ukudla;
- Landela izincomo zikadokotela;
- Ingabe izinga lomsebenzi womzimba;
- Ngabe uthatha izidakamizwa zokunakekela.
Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin hhayi kuphela, kodwa nama-enzymes wokugaya kuyaphazamiseka. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi wamanyikwe, i-pancreatin, i-coron, nezinye izidakamizwa eziwusizo kulo lonke leli pheshana lesisu.
Ukwelula impilo ejwayelekile ephelele kuzosiza nokulawula umsebenzi we-gallbladder. Lesi sitho sihambisana kakhulu namanyikwe. Ukuqina kwe-bile kukhipha imiphumela emibi emzimbeni, yize ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele kungasho lutho oluhle.
Ukuze wandise impilo futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yayo, udinga ukubheka zonke izinhlelo nemisebenzi emzimbeni. Ezinye iziguli zifuna impendulo yokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngaphandle kokudla. Uma ungazikhawuleli kuma-carbohydrate, khona-ke imiphumela izoba mibi kakhulu. Ngale ndlela engenandaba nempilo, umuntu uzokufa kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Bangaki abantu abanesifo sikashukela abaphila ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwe-insulin yokufakelwa
I-insulin yokwakha esikalini yezimboni yaqala ukwenziwa futhi isetshenziswa kuphela ngekhulu le-XX. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, isifo sikashukela sasiyisiguli esigulayo. Isifiso sempilo ngemuva kokuxilongwa asidluli iminyaka eyi-10 ngokudla. Imvamisa iziguli zafa iminyaka engama-1-3 ngemuva kokutholwa kwalesi sifo. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zifile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Namuhla isimo sesishintshe kakhulu. Sidinga ukubonga ososayensi, odokotela, kanye nabezemithi abasasifundela lesi sifo ngentshiseko, ikakhulukazi inkambo yaso, ukuthuthukiswa, izinto ezithinta ukuphazamiseka kwe-pancreatic.
Ngaphandle kokutholakele okuningi kule ndawo kanye nophumelelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, owenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlule, izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi mayelana nalesi sifo azikatholakali.
Odokotela abazi ukuthi kungani iziguli zakha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kungani kwezinye izikhathi amanyikwe kukhiqiza i-insulin ngokugcwele, kodwa kubuye kube “okungenasici” futhi kungakwazi ukwehlisa ushukela. Lapho izimpendulo zale mibuzo zitholakala, sizokwazi ukumisa ukwanda komhlaba wonke kwizinga lezehlakalo emhlabeni wonke.
Imihlahlandlela Yesifo Sikashukela Ebalulekile
Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, impilo ejwayelekile ishintsha ngokuphelele. Kuthatha isikhathi ukujwayela imithetho emisha, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka ukuba khona okujwayelekile.
Landela izincomo zikadokotela:
- Yidla ngokuya ngohlelo okuhlongozwayo, khipha ngokuphelele konke ukudla okwenqatshelwe. Umkhawulo oyinhloko ukuntuleka ngokuphelele koshukela. Imikhiqizo eminingi yesifo sikashukela isiyathengiswa - isinkwa esikhethekile, okusanhlamvu, ushokoledi futhi ubisi oluhlanjululwe ngefrijini.
- Zama ukungadabuki. Isifo sikashukela sithinta kabi uhlelo lwezinzwa, lokhu kuqaphela ngokushesha izihlobo zeziguli. Ukucasuka ngokweqile, ukuqubuka kobukhali kobudlova kuyizibonakaliso ezijwayelekile zesifo. Kufanele uqonde ukuthi noma ikuphi ukucindezela, imizwa ibangela ukwanda kwesimo. Kungcono ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinqunywe udokotela.
- Yehlisa ukusebenza komzimba. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, akunconywa ukuba ubambe iqhaza kwezemidlalo, ngoba ezigulini izinqubo ze-metabolic zihamba ngokuhlukile kunabantu abavamile. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuzodingeka kushiywe ngokuphelele. Ukuhamba isikhathi eside emoyeni omusha kunomthelela omuhle emzimbeni.
Isifo Sikashukela Ezinganeni - Isikhathi Sokuphila
Ngokuvamile abazali banesifiso sokuthi zingaki izingane ezinesifo sikashukela eziphila nge-insulin. Ebuntwaneni, kuphela uhlobo 1 sikashukela olwenzeka. Ngendlela efanelekile, ingane ingashintshwa emphakathini ogcwele ngokuphelele ukuze ingazibheki njengengafanele, kodwa imiphumela ethile emibi ihlala impilo yonke.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-pancreas ezinganeni awasebenzi kahle, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni ziyaphazamiseka. Iziguli ezincane zikhuluphele, zivame ukuba nezinkinga ngesifo senhliziyo, uhlelo lwe-excretory. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, izifo ezihlanganyele, izinkinga zifushanisa nempilo.
Manje umuntu onesifo sikashukela sobuntwana usehlale okungenani iminyaka engama-30. Lesi yisibalo esihlaba umxhwele, ngoba eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, izingane ezinalokhu kutholakala kwezifo azihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Umuthi awukumi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi emashumini angama-2-3 iziguli ezinje zizokwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula kuze kube ukuguga.
Kungenzeka yini ukubuyela empilweni ephelele ngemuva kokuxilongwa
Lapho umuntu noma isihlobo sitholwa sinesifo sikashukela, kungaba nzima ukwamukela. Kepha kufanele uqonde ukuthi uma uphathwa ngendlela efanele futhi uhambisana nayo yonke imiyalo kadokotela, ungabuyela ngokushesha empilweni ephelele.
Amadivaysi ahlukile wesimanje, impumelelo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe iyasiza kulokhu. Emhlabeni jikelele, amaphampu e-insulin asevele esetshenziswa. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zenza amasampula egazi ngokuzimela kaningana ngosuku, anqume izinga lamanje le-glucose esegazini, akhethe ngokuzenzakalelayo umthamo ofunekayo we-insulin futhi awujobe ngokohlelo.
Isiguli asixhunyiwe endlini noma esibhedlela, asihlanganyeli ekubaleni okuyinkimbinkimbi, siphila impilo esebenzayo, singakhathazeki ngekusasa lakhe. Ukuqamba okunjalo kungayandisa kakhulu impilo yesiguli esinesifo sikashukela.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuzwisisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uhlala malini nesifo sikashukela ku-insulin, udinga ukuthola ukubonisana okuningiliziwe nodokotela we-endocrinologist. Kukhona odokotela abasebenza ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni lokhu kugula. Abantu abaphilile futhi kufanele bazi ngezindlela zokuvikela isifo sikashukela. Qiniseka ukuthi uvivinya igazi njalo ngoshukela.
Ngomqondo ofanele empilweni, umuntu onesifo esinjalo esinzima angaphila iminyaka engama-70-80. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngabantu abaningi abadumile abanesifo sikashukela abasinde eminyakeni esezingeni eliphakeme - uYuri Nikulin, u-Ella Fitzgerald, uFaina Ranevskaya.
