Ngokuphikisana nemibono eyiphutha, imbangela yesifo sikashukela ingahle ingagcini nje ekulimazelweni kwekhwalithi ye-glucose emzimbeni.
Kukhona uhlobo lwesifo esinjengesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, izimpawu zaso ezichazwe ngokweqile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ndlela yokusebenza kwemithi ayivelakancane, bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane basengozini.
Abantu abadala abaneminyaka yobudala engama-20 kuye kwengama-35 batholakala kalula kulokhu kugula, kepha amacala okuthi lokhu kutholwa ezinganeni akuvamile.
Yini le
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esidalwa yi-pathology esihambisana nokuphula ukwakheka kwe-vasopressin noma ukusabela okungalungile kuso kusuka ezinso.
Unesibopho sokugcina amanzi emzimbeni womuntu, ekhulisa ukugcwala komchamo kanye nokunciphisa umthamo wawo. Ukusuka ezingeni lokushoda kwalesi hormone, ubulukhuni bezimpawu zesifo buyavezwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokuya ngomthombo wokuphulwa, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezifo zihlukaniswa ngokuqinile:
- maphakathi (noma i-hypothalamic). Ngokuqondile okuhambisana nokushiyeka ku-hypothalamus, noma kunalokho, ukwehla kancane kancane kokuqashelwa kwe-vasopressin kuyo noma ukusatshalaliswa kwayo okungalungile emgudwini wegazi yi-pituitary gland of the brain of the system ye-neva;
- i-nephrogenic (renal). Kuhlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kokucatshangelwa komuntu ngamunye kwemiphumela ye-vasopressin yizinso ngenxa yokugula okukhona. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokwakhiwa kwama-hormone lihlala lilijwayelekile, kepha umkhawulo wokukhishwa kokuphuma koketshezi olungena ezinso wephulwe. Okubi ukwanda kokubonakala kwezinso ku-vasopressin, kulapho kukhulu khona uketshezi olukhishwa emzimbeni.
Izimbangela zesifo
Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus singathola ifa noma sitholakale.
Lapho umthombo wesifo ungatholakalanga, bakhuluma ngendlela ye-idiopathic ye-pathology, ebanga u-70% wawo wonke amacala.
Ngesifo sofuzo, ukubonakaliswa kwalokhu kuphambuka kubhekwa ezizukulwaneni eziningana, okubangelwa izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo, umphumela wazo okuwukungqubuzana nokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-antidiuretic. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga zokuzala ekwakhekeni kwezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho.
Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus singatholakala futhi sikhonjiswe ngenxa yezinye izifo noma ukulimala. Isibonelo:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo (izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, isifo sofuba, umkhuhlane, i-tonsillitis);
- ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlungu;
- ngenxa yokuhlinzwa;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- izinqubo zokuqubuka nezisu
- ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile;
- nezinye izifo zezinso.
Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso ungavela ngaphandle kokubakhona kwanoma iyiphi i-pathologies. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-hormonal kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka i-transistor sikashukela, esivame ukunyamalala ngokuzumayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus zinzima ukudidanisa nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo, ngoba zidalulwa futhi zichaziwe impela.
Lesi sifo sinelinye igama - "isifo sikashukela", esibonisa uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo - i-polyuria.
Emini, umzimba womuntu ukhipha kusuka kumalitha ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili koketshezi, okudlula kakhulu esimweni semvelo. Isifiso sokuya endlini yangasese sivamisile, kepha, ngokungafani ne-polakiuria, umchamo ngasikhathi sinye ngokweqile noma ungaphakathi kwamanani amukelekile.
Njengoba amanzi engamunwa ngumzimba, ukwabiwa kwenzeka cishe kumanani afanayo nokufakwa kwawo.
Umchamo ucishe ungabi namabala. Ucwaningo lwelabhoratri lusungula okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-urea, uric acid, usawoti.
Isibonakaliso sesibili esiyinhloko salesi sifo yi-polydipsia, lapho kutholakala khona ukoma okungapheli.
Uma umthamo ophakanyisiwe wokuphuza uketshezi cishe ngamalitha amabili, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela singaphuza sifike kumashumi amabili ngosuku. Ngakho konke lokhu, umzimba uhlupheka ngokuntuleka kwamanzi ngisho nasezingeni lamaselula, okubonakala ngokubonakala kwesiguli.
Ukujuluka okunciphisiwe, ukukhonkotha kanye nemifantu kuyabonakala endaweni ephezulu yomile wolwelwesi lwama-mucous nesikhumba. Njengoba izitho zangasese zowesifazane zakhiwa ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, ukuthintana ngocansi kubangela ukulunywa, ukuvutha kanye nokungaphatheki kahle.
Izimpawu ezingacacisanga zesifo zifaka okulandelayo:
- ukwehla noma ukungabi nalutho kokudla;
- ukwehla kwesisindo ngenxa yokuphuma okuphezulu kwamanzi okuphuma emzimbeni, ukuncipha kwenqwaba yemisipha, amafutha omzimba;
- ukomisa kunciphisa inani lokujikeleza kwegazi, okunciphisa ingcindezi yalo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ngakho-ke umfutho wegazi onomfutho onamandla wehla uye emazingeni aphansi ngokweqile.
Konke lokhu ngeke kuthinte isimo sengqondo sesiguli. Imvamisa, ngaphansi kwethonya lezimpawu ezinje, kuba nzima kumuntu ukulala isikhathi eside, okudala ukwesaba, ukungalingani ngokomzwelo, ukungakwazi ukugxila, ukunganaki kanye nokubulala.
Ukuxilonga nezimiso zokwelashwa
I-diabetes mellitus ngokwayo ayisona isifo esizimele, kepha iba ngumthelela womzimba kunoma yiluphi ushintsho lwe-pathological ezifundeni zobuchopho noma izinso.Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuhamba ngezindlela ezimbili: ukucindezela izimpawu nokwelashwa okungenzeka komthombo oyinhloko wesifo.
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo, njengomthetho, akubangeli ubunzima, ngoba izinkomba zikhethekile kakhulu futhi zinamandla okubonisa abonakalisiwe.
Okokuqala, imbangela yokwephula umthetho iyasungulwa, kanye nohlobo lwesifo (lokuzalwa noma lokutholwa). Ukudla okomile kumiselwe - irejimenti yokudla ngokuhoxiswa kwamanzi ekudleni ukunquma ikhono lokugxilisa izinso futhi kungafakwa i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela yomsuka.
Kwesinye isikhathi imfucumfucu yansuku zonke evela emzimbeni ilinganiswa. Isifo sikashukela seTransistor kwesinye isikhathi asidingi mithi, kuphela uma kuphela emzimbeni.
Ifomu eliphakathi liphathwa nge-hormone yokwenziwa ye-antidiuretic nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-vasopressin ngezidakamizwa.
Ngohlobo lwe-renal, indlela yokulungisa umsoco isetshenziswa - amaprotheni ancishisiwe ukunciphisa umthwalo ezinso.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-thiazide diuretics. Nge-congenital hypothalamic sikashukela insipidus noma ngokushintshela kohlobo olungamahlalakhona, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuzodingeka kukho konke impilo.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
I-insipidus yesifo sezinso ivela kanjani kuvidiyo:
Lesi sifo asisiyongo empilweni futhi, uma selashwa ngendlela efanele, akubangeli ukungaphatheki kahle. Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwenzeka lapho umthombo oyinhloko wesifo welashwa, yize lo mphumela ungatholakali kaningi.
