Isibalo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela sikhula ngokushesha minyaka yonke, futhi manje sekuba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 abantu abanesifo sikashukela emhlabeni.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvame kakhulu.
Ibiza u-90% wamacala alesi sifo.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlongozwayo yisifo esingapheli lapho i-metabolism yama-carbohydrate iphazamiseka khona, i-hyperglycemia ikhula ngenxa yezinguquko ekuphenduleni kwe-metabolic.
Izizathu zokubukeka
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubukeka kwalesi sifo ukumelana ne-insulin - ukwehla okukhulu kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin.
I-pancreas ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-insulin yemvelo ezimweni ezinzima zesifo.
Ezigabeni zokuqala, igazi lesiguli lisaphethe inani elincane le-insulin yemvelo, kodwa alisakwazi ukwehlisa izinga likashukela, ngoba amangqamuzana awanandaba nemiphumela ye-hormone.
Isici esibalulekile ukukhuluphala, lapho izicubu ezinamafutha ziqongelela khona ngamanani amakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana, futhi lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokukhuluphala.
Amathuba okugula ngesifo sikashukela azokuba ngaphezulu:
- ngokudla okungalinganiseli, ukungabikho kwezinto ezidingekayo ekudleni noma lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate emikhiqizweni;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ngokuphila kokuhlala phansi;
- nge-hypertension ye-arterial.
Amaqembu anobungozi
Le mikhakha elandelayo yabantu ingeyeqembu lengozi:
- labo abanesifo sikashukela emndenini;
- ukukhuluphala;
- abesifazane abaye baba ne-pathologies ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma abaye bazala izingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane;
- iziguli ezinesimila se-adrenal tumor, i-acromegaly, noma isimila sendawo;
- iziguli ezine-atherossteosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-angina pectoris;
- abantu abaqala ukuthuthukisa ikati;
- iziguli ezinokugula okuthile komzimba;
- abantu asebethole ukwanda kwenani likashukela ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, izifo noma ukukhulelwa okuhlukahlukene.
Izimpawu zohlobo 2 sikashukela nezindlela zokuzimisela kwabo
Njengomthetho, lesi sifo asihambisani nezimpawu ezikhulunywayo, futhi ukuxilongwa kungasungulwa kuphela esimweni sokufunda eselwelwe elebhu.
Kubalulekile ngaphambi kocwaningo ukuthi ungadli noma yikuphi ukudla - kuphela esiswini esingenalutho.
Njengoba nalesi sifo, iziguli zinezinkinga eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ziya esibhedlela ukuyolashwa ngazo futhi lapho kuvela ukuthi zidalwa yisifo sikashukela. Isibonelo, iziguli zivakashela udokotela wezifo zamehlo ngenxa yezinkinga zokubuka, futhi imvamisa imbangela yenkinga ukulimala kwamehlo kwesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu ezithile zalesi sifo zibandakanya ukuchama njalo ebusuku, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni (isifiso sokuphuza njalo), izifo zesikhumba zokukhunta. Isizathu sokubonakala kwalezi zibonakaliso sithathwa njengokulahleka kwamaseli we-beta ngamanani amakhulu, ngoba lesi sifo sesivele sisebenza, noma izifo ezingathi sína njengokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
Izigaba
I-Pathology ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:
- buyisela emuva;
- ingxenye eguqukayo;
- isiteji ngokusebenza okungaphendukeki ku-carbohydrate metabolism.
Amadigri alandelayo kashukela wohlobo lwesibili ahlukaniswa:
- ukukhanya
- isilinganiso;
- esindayo.
Endabeni yecala elithambile, isimo sesiguli singathuthukiswa ngokuthatha imali eyehlisa okuqukethwe ushukela (i-capsule eyodwa izokwanela), noma ngenxa yezinguquko eziyisisekelo zokudla okunempilo. Endabeni yesilinganiso esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ukwenza isimo sibe ngokwejwayelekile, kuyodingeka ukwandisa umthamo ube ngamaphilisi amabili noma amathathu ngosuku. Uma lesi sifo sidlulile saba kwifomu elibi, ngaphezu kwamaphilisi anciphisa ushukela, kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi kuphindiselwe ekuphathweni kwe-insulin.
Ikhodi ye-ICD-10
Ekuhlukanisweni kwezifo zomhlaba wonke, lokhu kugula kungokwesigaba IV futhi kusendaweni yesifo sikashukela (E10-E14) ngaphansi kwesigaba E11.
I-Class E11 ifaka phakathi isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (kokubili ukukhuluphala nangaphandle kwayo) ngaphansi kwale mibandela elandelayo:
- kubantu abasha;
- ngokubonakala ebudaleni;
- ngokubonakala ebudaleni;
- uma kungekho kusengaphambili kwe-ketosis;
- ngenqubo eqinile yesifo.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela alufakwa:
- uma lesi sifo sibangelwa ukudla okunganele;
- ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha kanye nokuqala kwesikhathi sokubeletha;
- ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa;
- uma kukhona i-glycosuria;
- uma ukubekezelela ushukela kukhubazeka;
- ngokunyuka okulandelayo kokusebenza kwamazinga we-insulin egazi.
Ingozi nezinkinga
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus sinomphumela ongemuhle ohlelweni lwe-vascular.
Isifo sikashukela siyimbangela yezifo ezinhlobonhlobo zenhliziyo nezemithambo
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isiguli singase sihlangane ne-pathologies yesistimu yemithambo yethambo, ezinye izinkomba zezimpawu nazo zingakhula:
- izinwele ziqothuka;
- isikhumba esomile
- isimo esibi sezikhonkwane;
- i-anemia;
- ukubalwa kweplateletile okwehlisiwe.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela zibandakanya:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, okuba imbangela yokuphazamiseka ekunikezelweni kwegazi le-coronary, kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi kwezicubu zobuchopho nezingalo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwengqondo okuqisayo ebuchosheni;
- umsebenzi wezinso ongonakalisiwe;
- ukulimala emuva
- inhlangano eyenziwe lula yemicu yezinzwa nezicubu;
- ukuguguleka kanye nezilonda emaphethelweni aphansi;
- kunzima ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta;
- coma.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwalesi sifo, kuzokwanela ukubona ukondliwa okufanele, kanye nokwenza izindlela zokuvivinya umzimba okhethekile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umuthi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isisindo somzimba singaphansi kwemingcele ejwayelekile, ezoba nomthelela omuhle ekubuyiselweni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokuqina kwamazinga kashukela. Endabeni yezinye izigaba zikashukela zohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo, sekudingeka imishanguzo.
Ukulungiselela
Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha isifo
- I-Tolbutamideokuthinta ama-pancreas futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusebenze ukugcinwa kwe-insulin. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanelekile ezigulini esezikhulile ezinesimo sokuncishiswa kanye nokuncanyana kwesifo. Lapho isetshenziswa, ukusabela komzimba kanye ne-jaundice yesikhashana kungenzeka, lapho isikhumba siba siphuzi;
- I-Glipizideisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela asebekhulile, kanye nasezigulini ezingagunyaziwe kanye nokusebenza okumpofu kwe-adrenal;
- Maninil, kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwama-receptors abona i-insulin. Lesi sidakamizwa siqinisa ukwenziwa kwemvelo kwe-insulin. Ekuqaleni, kuthathwa ithebhulethi elilodwa, kepha ngokuzayo, uma kunesidingo, umthamo ungandiswa;
- I-Metformin, eshintsha amandla e-pharmacological ngenxa yokuqina kwesilinganiso sezinhlobo eziboshwe nge-insulin nezamahhala. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezo ziguli ezikhuluphele futhi zikhuluphele kakhulu. Umuthi uphambaniswe nokwehluleka kwezinso;
- I-Acarbose, evimbela ukugaya nokufaka i-carbohydrate emathunjini amancane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ubukhulu bokwandisa inani loshukela egazini lapho kudliwa nokuqukethwe okunama-carbohydrate amaningi. Umuthi ubhekene ne-contraindicated uma kwenzeka ungenwa izifo ezingamagciwane angapheliyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Thayipha 2 isifo sikashukela
Iziguli zidinga ukudla amahlandla ayisihlanu noma ayisithupha ngosuku emikhakheni emincane, zingagcini ngokulamba kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqinisa amazinga kashukela.
Amathuba we-hypoglycemia ancishisiwe. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kuvunyelwe ukuthi kudliwe kathathu ngosuku, kepha ungakhathazeki ngomphumela, kepha-ke, izici zomzimba womuntu ogulayo zidlala indima enkulu lapha.
Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe:
- umvimba;
- imayonesi;
- imikhiqizo eseqedile;
- ukhilimu omuncu;
- inyama yengulube neyezimvu;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha;
- ushizi onzima onamafutha amaningi.
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe futhi evinjelwe
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe ngenani elincane:
- amantongomane
- imbewu yelanga;
- ushukela
- amajusi asuselwa ezithelo;
- uju
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe:
- imikhiqizo equkethe i-fiber fiber;
- ubisi lwe-skim nemikhiqizo yobisi omuncu;
- izinhlanzi ezinamafutha nenyama;
- ukudla okususelwa ku-okusanhlamvu;
- imifino nezithelo (uma ziqukethe inani elincane loshukela, njengotamatisi kanye no-apula).
Ukukhetha kwe-Glycemic Index Ukudla
Yonke imikhiqizo yokudla inenkomba ye-glycemic eyodwa noma enye, eyenzekayo:
- ongaphansi (amayunithi 0-55);
- phakathi (amayunithi angama-55-70);
- ephezulu (amayunithi angama-70 noma ngaphezulu).
Imikhiqizo enezinga eliphakeme lenkomba yeqembu ayilungele abanesifo sikashukela, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaholela ekuqhekekeni, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, isiguli sizoba sezingeni lokuphamba. Ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu futhi kunemikhawulo ethile ngobuningi.
Amakhambi esintu
Ukulungiswa kwamakhambi kuhlangana njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi kungahlanganiswa neminye imithi.
Amakhambi anjengeqabunga le-bay, ifilakisi noma i-plantain angasiza ukuvikela ukulimala kohlelo lokujikeleza, i-retina, ukuqeda izinkinga ezinso nasezibindini, nokubambezeleka kwezinkinga.
Imiphumela yemithi ye-herbal izwakale emavikini amathathu noma amane. Ngaphambi kokuba uguqukele ekwelashweni ngamakhambi ngamakhambi athile, kubalulekile ukutadisha okwenziwe kuye kwe-herraist.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvikela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela imigomo yokudla okunempilo.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungenabungozi kungasebenza njengokuvimbela okuhle hhayi kuphela kulesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izifo.
Kunconywe ukuthi izinyathelo ezibhekwayo azihloselwe nje ukunciphisa, kepha ukuqeda noma yikuphi ukudla okulimazayo ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukunaka umsebenzi womzimba. Uma izinqubo zokuqina noma zokuvivinya umzimba zingasifanele isiguli, ungakhetha ezinye izinketho zomthwalo, njengokudansa, ukuhamba, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile nokuningi.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ku-TV show "Live Great!" no-Elena Malysheva:
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ikakhulukazi sohlobo olucubungulwayo, siyisifo esibi kakhulu, izimbangela zazo ezingabonakali kakhulu njalo. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okwanele kudlala indima enkulu ekulweni nalesi sifo, ngoba lokhu kungavimba izinkinga ezinkulu.
