Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated: okujwayelekile ezinganeni, izimbangela zokuphambuka kwezinkomba nezindlela zokuthola inqubo yazo

I-Glycated hemoglobin (ebizwa nangokuthi i-glycosylated) iyingxenye ye-hemoglobin esegazini ehambisana ngqo neglucose.

Le nkomba ilinganiswa njengephesenti. Ushukela omningi uqukethe egazini, liphezulu leli zinga.

Isimo se-hemoglobin se-glycated ezinganeni silingana nesimo esivamile somuntu omdala. Uma kunomehluko, imvamisa ayibalulekanga.

Ngabe siyini le nkomba?

Inkomba isiza ukubonisa ushukela wegazi esikhathini sezinyanga ezintathu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwengqamuzana elibomvu legazi lapho kutholakala khona i-hemoglobin sinezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine. Amathuba okuthuthuka kwezinkinga anda ngokukhula kwezinkomba ezitholakala ngenxa yocwaningo.

Uma ipharamitha efana ne-glycated hemoglobin, indlela ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni idlulwa kakhulu, kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukwelashwa.

Ngabe kuhlaziywa kunikezwa kanjani?

Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona, kubalulekile ukuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ucwaningo olunjengokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycemic lunikeza umphumela osheshayo futhi onembe kunazo zonke.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated ezinganeni kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu ezimweni zokusolwa ezinesifo sikashukela kanye ngqo nenqubo yesifo. Ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokunembile ushukela we-plasma ezinyangeni ezi-3 zokugcina.

Njengomthetho, odokotela bathumela abantu abadala noma iziguli ezincane ukunikela ngegazi phambi kwezifo ezilandelayo:

• umuzwa wokoma osukela njalo isiguli;
• kwehlise ukungatheleleki;
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile;
• ukuba khona kwezinkinga zokubuka;
• ukusebenza ngokweqile nokukhathala;
• izinkinga zokuchama;
• izingane ezinamazinga kashukela amaningi iba yi-lethargic ne-moody.

Le ndlela yokuxilonga yenziwa ngezinhloso eziningi. Okokuqala, kungukuphathwa kokugxilwa kwe-glucose ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Futhi, ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe noma ukuze kulungiswe izindlela zokwelashwa kweziguli.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlaziya

Ukuhlolwa kweglue glucose hemoglobin kunezinzuzo eziningi phezu kokuhlolwa kokwethembeka kwe-glucose, kanye nokuhlolwa ushukela wegazi ngaphambi kokudla:

1. izici ezinjengomkhuhlane noma ukucindezelwa okujwayelekile akukuthinti ukunemba kwemiphumela;
2. ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukugula ekuqaleni;
3. isifundo senziwa ngokushesha, kalula nje futhi sinikeza impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe uyagula noma cha;
4. Ukuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuthi isiguli besinokulawulwa okuhle kwamazinga kashukela.

Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe futhi kunempilo abantu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abasengozini, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukuthambekela komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ucwaningo lwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubona lesi sifo ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala. Ezinganeni, lokhu kuhlaziywa kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma ubungozi bezinkinga ezingaba khona.

Lapho izinga lehliswa, lingabangelwa izizathu ezifana nokumpontshelwa igazi kwamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukulimala. Kulezi zimo, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okufanelekile, kuthi emva kwesikhashana izinkomba zibuyele kokujwayelekile.

Izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ye-glycated ezinganeni: ukungafani kwezinkomba

Ngokuqondene nenkomba efana ne-glycosylated hemoglobin, okujwayelekile ezinganeni kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5.8-6%.

Uma imiphumela enjalo itholakala ngenxa yokuhlaziywa, lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane ayinaso isifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkambiso ayincike eminyakeni yobudala bomuntu, ubulili bakhe, kanye nendawo yezulu ahlala kuyo.

Kuliqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile. Ezinganeni, ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwabo, izinga le-glycogemoglobin lingandiswa. Ososayensi bacacisa leli qiniso ngokuthi i-hemoglobin ye-fetus ikhona egazini lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kuyinto yesikhashana, futhi cishe unyaka owodwa wezingane uyaziqothula. Kodwa umkhawulo ongaphezulu kufanele ungangeqi i-6%, noma ngabe isiguli sineminyaka emingaki.

Uma kungekho ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, inkomba ngeke ifinyelele uphawu olungaphezulu. Esimweni lapho i-hemoglobin ye-glycated enganeni ingama-6 - 8%, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi ushukela ungancishiswa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile.

Ngokuqukethwe kwe-glycohemoglobin ye-9%, singakhuluma ngesinxephezelo esihle sesifo sikashukela enganeni.

Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlengahlengiswa. Ukuqoqwa kwe-hemoglobin, kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-12%, kubonisa ukusebenza okubuthakathaka kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe.

Imithi ebekiwe isiza kuphela ingxenye ethile, kepha umzimba wesiguli esincane ubuthakathaka. Uma izinga lidlula i-12%, lokhu kukhombisa ukungabikho kwekhono lomzimba lokulawula. Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela ezinganeni asinxephezelwanga, kanti nokwelashwa okwenziwa njengamanje akulethi imiphumela emihle.

Izinga le-glycated hemoglobin yohlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni linezinkomba ezifanayo. Ngendlela, lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela sabancane: imvamisa lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30.

Ngokweqile kwezinkomba ezivumelekile (amahlandla ambalwa), kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ingane inezinkinga: isibindi, izinso nezifo zezitho zombono. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kumele kwenziwe njalo, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwezokwelashwa.

Ukushintshwa okujwayelekile kwezinkomba

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwedlula okujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kungakhuphuka zombili ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokushoda kwensimbi.

Uma kunokusolwa kwe-anemia, kunengqondo ngemuva kokuhlolela i-hemoglobin ukubheka okuqukethwe yensimbi emzimbeni.

Njengomthetho, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated ezinganeni liyakhuphuka ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia. Ukuze wehlise leli zinga, kuyadingeka ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela, unamathela ekudleni okuphansi kuma-carbohydrate futhi uza nokuhlolwa njalo.

Uma umuntu etholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma enye i-pathologies ehlobene nokuphulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukudla okuqinile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela wegazi, kanye nokuvikela izingqinamba ezingaba khona.

Imifino, amajikijolo, inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi kungukudla okungcono kakhulu kokwenza ushukela wegazi usayizi

Kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ushokoledi, amaswidi kanye noshizi wamafutha, ukubuyisela esikhundleni sezithelo namajikijolo. Usawoti futhi ubhemile nawo udinga ukususwa, kepha imifino, inyama engenantambo nenhlanzi, amantongomane azokwamukelwa. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, iyogathi yemvelo, engafakiwe kanye nobisi olunamafutha amancane iyasiza.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusheshe wehlise izinga likashukela kuyingozi empilweni yengane. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe kancane, cishe 1% ngonyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubukhali nokucaca kombono kungonakala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyathandeka ukufeza ukuthi inkomba efana ne-glycated hemoglobin ezinganeni ayidluli i-6%.

Izingane ezincane ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus kufanele zigadwe njalo ngabazali bazo nomhlinzeki wazo wezempilo. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthola imbuyiselo evamile ye-pathology, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela siphila cishe njengomuntu ophilile.

Kudingeka ihlolwe kangaki?

Lapho ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sekusanda kuqala, kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe izivivinyo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu: lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe inkambo yokwelashwa ephumelela kunazo zonke.

Uma inqubo ejwayelekile ye-glycosylated hemoglobin ezinganeni inyuswa yaba ngu-7% ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Lokhu kuzovumela ukutholwa kokuphambuka okufika ngesikhathi futhi wenze ushintsho oludingekayo.

Ezimweni lapho isifo sikashukela singatholakali, nezinkomba ze-glycogemoglobin zingaphakathi komkhawulo ojwayelekile, kuzokwanela ukukala izinkomba njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Uma okuqukethwe kwayo kungu-6.5%, lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi kunobungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlolwa kanye ngonyaka, ngenkathi kudingekile ukunamathela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carb.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated:

Kungcono ukuthatha izivivinyo endaweni yangasese enedumela elihle nokubuyekezwa okuhle. Imitholampilo yombuso ayihlali inezinto ezidingekayo ocwaningweni olunjalo. Imiphumela izolunga cishe ezinsukwini ezi-3. Kumele ihlotshwe ngudokotela, ukuzihlonza kanti ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzelapha kuleli cala akwamukeleki.