I-Hyperglycemia yisimo esivezwa ngamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Ukwanda koshukela wegazi kungaba ngokomzimba, kusuka ngemuva kokudla kakhulu kwe-carbohydrate emzimbeni, noma i-pathological, ehambisana nezifo eziningi. Okufanele ukwenze uma kukhona ushukela wegazi okhuphukile nokuthi isimo siyingozi kangakanani, kucatshangelwa esihlokweni.
Indima kashukela emzimbeni
I-glucose (kubantu abavamile - ushukela) uphethiloli oyinhloko wezicubu namaseli, ibanikeze amandla adingekayo ukuze kuqhubeke izinqubo ezibalulekile nokuphendula. Izinga lakhona eliphansi libangela ukuthuthukiswa kokubulawa indlala kwamandla, futhi okweqile kunomthelela onobuthi.
IGlucose imele ama-carbohydrate alula (ama-monosaccharides). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ifakwa kahle lapho ithathwa njengengxenye yokudla noma njengomuthi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukudla kungena emgodini wamathumbu, kuqala ukudiliza kube yizinto ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-monosaccharides. Ushukela udonswa ezindongeni zesibeletho esincane bese ungena egazini. Ukusuka lapha, ingxenye isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amaseli nezicubu, enye ifakwa kumaseli we-lipid.
Lapho inqubo yokuhlukanisa ukudla isiqediwe, ushukela wegazi uba phansi. Izindlela zokuncindezela zifakiwe ezenza inqubo ye-gluconeogenesis - ukwakheka kweshukela ngesibindi kusuka ezintweni zemvelaphi engeyona eye-carbohydrate.
Imvelo ye-glucose yesitho esidala yi-3.33-5,55 mmol / l, futhi izinkomba ziyefana kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ezinganeni, izibalo zikashukela ezifanele ziphezulu. Eminyakeni engu-28 yokuphila, ubukhulu abudluli ku-4,4 mmol / L; ingane endala (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6) inobukhulu obungama-5 mmol / L.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezikhathi zezinkomba ze-glycemia - ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology nezinkinga zayo
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza zamandla, i-monosaccharide yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamaseli wamafutha;
- ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-nitic acid, ama-amino acid;
- kusebenze umsebenzi we-enzymatic;
- Kuvuselela ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
- kunciphisa indlala;
- kususa umphumela we-pathological wezimo ezicindezelayo emzimbeni.
Ushukela uvuka nini futhi kungani?
Kunezimo ezikhuthaza ukwenyuka komzimba ku-glycemia, okungukuthi, zibhekwa njengezesikhashana futhi azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Le mibandela ifaka:
Ushukela wegazi uvamile.- isikhathi sokuzala ingane;
- ukubonakaliswa kwengcindezi;
- ukudla okwenzeka emzimbeni;
- umsebenzi womzimba.
Ama-pathologies, ngokubhekisele emuva lapho kunamazinga akhuphukile kashukela, ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, afaka:
- izifo eziningana zesistimu yezinzwa;
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- I-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (i-adrenal gland pathology);
- isithuthwane
- isifo sezinso
- izinqubo zesimila (pheochromocytoma, glucagonoma).
Iyini ingozi yokukhula ushukela futhi iziveza kanjani?
Uma i-glucose yegazi iphakanyisiwe isikhathi eside, umuntu angahlushwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima futhi ezingamahlalakhona. I-acute hypo- ne-hyperglycemic comas (ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kuya ngokuthi izinga le-glycemia lenyuke noma lehla kangakanani).
Izinkinga ezinkulu yilezi:
- ukulimala emithanjeni yezinso;
- i-pathology ye-peripheral system system;
- ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho;
- ushintsho lokuzwela;
- ukulimala komhlaziyi wamehlo;
- ushintsho emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi, amathambo namalunga.
Isifo sikashukela kungenye yezindlela ezihambisana ne-hyperglycemia.
Izimpawu zeglucose ephezulu yegazi egazini yoma womgodi, ukuchama kaningi, isikhumba esomile nomgodi womlomo. Iziguli zikhononda kudokotela oholayo mayelana nokwehla kwe-acuity ebonakalayo, ukuqubuka esikhunjeni. Izilonda nokuklwebeka akupheli isikhathi eside.
Ungamsiza kanjani umuntu ngokuvuka okubucayi kwe-glucose?
Uma izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-glycemia lidinga ukubuyiselwa kokujwayelekile, isiguli kufanele sinikezwe izindlela eziphuthumayo zokwelashwa. Lokhu kuzovumela ukususa isiguli esimweni sokukhohlisa, esimweni esihle noma ukuvimbela ukukhula kwaso.
Usizo lokuqala lume kanje:
- Uma umuntu ezazi, kufanele uhlole isimo sakhe ngemibuzo yokuthi igama lakhe likhona kanjani, ukuthi uyaqonda yini ukuthi ukuphi, ngubani oseceleni kwakhe.
- Shayela iqembu le-ambulensi (ngokuya ngobukhulu be-hyperglycemia).
- Hlola izinga ushukela wakho uma unemitha kashukela egazini.
- Cacisa uma umuntu esebenzisa imijovo ye-insulin ukwelashwa. Uma impendulo inguyebo, udinga ukusiza ukumethela umuthi.
- Nikeza uketshezi oluningi lokuphuza. Uma kungaziwa, amanzi awanakuthelwa ngamandla.
- Hlanza isisu, wenze i-enema nge-solution ka-soda.
- Uma ukungazi, kubalulekile ukubheka izinkomba ezibalulekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, ukusabela kwabafundi ekukhanyeni) ngaphambi kokufika kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
- Uma kungekho ukuphefumula, ukuzindla, kufanele kwenziwe kabusha.
Ukuqeda ukomisa kungenye yezinyathelo zokumisa i-hyperglycemia
Izici zokunciphisa amazinga kashukela
Kuyadingeka ukwelapha isimo se-pathological ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwayo nguchwepheshe ofanelekayo. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo (ukwelashwa kokudla), ukusetshenziswa kwamathebulethi e-hypoglycemic, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kanye nokuzivocavoca okwanele komzimba.
Ukwelashwa kokudla
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokulungiswa kokudla okunempilo ukuthola isinxephezelo ezifweni ezihambisana ne-hyperglycemia, kanye nokuthola amandla okususa ushukela egazini, ukulungisa amanani alo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemenyu eyodwa evikini, ukubalwa kokudla nsuku zonke kilojoule, kanye nokwamukelwa kohlu lwemikhiqizo enqatshelwe nevumelekile kungukuphakanyiswa kwe-endocrinologist noma yezempilo.
Njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa ithebula lokwelashwa No. 9. Imigomo yokulungiswa ukwenqabela ushukela, ukusetshenziswa koshukela, ukushintshwa kwama-carbohydrate asheshayo ngefayibha yokudla nefayibha. Ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-glycemia, isiguli kufanele sidle okungenani izikhathi eziyi-6 ngosuku, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane.
Kubalulekile ukufaka izinhlamvu zomkhiqizo, ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi olunoshukela, izinhlobo ezinamafutha amancane enyama nezinhlanzi, izifundo zokuqala kwimenyu. Kuyadingeka ukulahla utshwala, ukudla okunamafutha, inyama ebhemayo, izimpahla ezikotini, izithelo ezimnandi, u-ayisikhilimu.
Ukuhambisana nemigomo yokudla okufanele kuzokwenza izibalo ze-glycemia zibe zejwayelekile
Umsebenzi womzimba
Imithwalo yomzimba iphuzu elibalulekile ekufezeni isinxephezelo se-pathology, noma kunjalo, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhlakanipha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ezemidlalo zombili zinciphisa izibalo zikashukela futhi zingazikhulisa. Ochwepheshe bathi ukwenza isethi yokuzivocavoca kaningana ngeviki kuzosiza ukukhulisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin, kanye nokwandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kuwo.
Ungadlala imidlalo kuphela uma i-glycemia ingagxili ibheke phezulu ngejubane elikhulu, futhi futhi uma amanani kashukela angaphansi kwe-14 mmol / l. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusebenza ngokomzimba kuzovusa ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-ketoacidotic.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Ama-insulin amalungiselelo asetshenziswa lapho kusetshenziswa ushukela uma ushukela ukhuphuka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin. Lesi simo sibonwa ngohlobo 1 sikashukela mellitus nakwezinye iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology kanye nokuwohloka kwepancreatic.
Umuthi ofanele kanye nomthamo wawo kukhethwa ngokuya ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- izinkomba ze-glycemia;
- iminyaka yesineke;
- umthethosisekelo kanye nesisindo somzimba;
- izinga lomsebenzi womzimba;
- ukuba khona kwe-glucosuria (ushukela emchameni);
- isimo sokuzwela ngakunye kwento esebenzayo.
I-insulin ikhishwa kuphela ngezindlela ezijova ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ezimweni ezibucayi - emithanjeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Kunamaqembu ambalwa emishanguzo ye-hormonal ehluka ngejubane kokuqala komphumela kanye nesikhathi esenziwa ngawo.
Ama-insulin "amafushane" anganciphisa i-glycemia kungakapheli isigamu sehora kusukela esikhathini sokuphatha, ahlala amahora angama-4-6. Abamele leli qembu yi-Insulin Humalog, Apidra, Humodar, neMonodar.
Izidakamizwa "eziPhakathi" zingasebenza amahora angama-15-16, kepha umphumela wazo wenzeka emahoreni angu-2-2,5. Izidakamizwa ezinje yiProtafan, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.
Ukulungiswa kwe-insulin kuthunyelwa ekhemisi ngokokunikezwa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji nasemiyalweni yokusetshenziswa
Imithi yesikhathi eside isebenza ngemuva kwamahora angama-4-6, kepha isikhathi somphumela sihlala usuku, kwezinye izikhathi kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-1.5. Abamele - i-Ultralente, i-Levemir, iLantus.
Imithi enciphisa ushukela
Le mishanguzo ayisusi ushukela emzimbeni, kepha ivuselela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe, ikhuphula ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba iye kwi-hormone, futhi yehlise futhi ukufakwa kwe-saccharides emgodini wamathumbu. Kunamaqembu amaningi asetshenziswa ngempumelelo nangendlela ebanzi:
- Ama-draivatives we-sulfonylureas - awabekelwanga uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ngefomu layo le-pancreatic, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa. Abamele - Glipizid, Glycvidon.
- Abalawuli bePrandial Ushukela - Novonorm. Izinkomba ze-Glycemia ziqashwa ngemuva kokufakwa kokudliwayo; isetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla e-pancreas wokuhlanganisa i-insulin.
- I-Biguanides - ifaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni koshukela, ungathinti ama-pancreas. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iMetformin, iBuformin, iFenformin.
- I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Miglitol) - yehlisa ukufakwa kwe-saccharides emgodini wamathumbu.
- Izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe zesenzo (i-Glibomet) - leli qembu lifaka izidakamizwa ezinezinto ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ezinamasu wokusebenza ahlukile.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa ezenziwa ngomlomo, njengezidakamizwa ezenzelwe i-insulin, kwenziwa kuphela ngudokotela ohambelayo ngemuva kokucacisa ngesimo sesiguli, ukuthola imiphumela yokuxilongwa kwakhe elabhoratri.
Udokotela we-endocrinologist ungomunye wochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abasiza ekubonakalisweni kwe-hyperglycemia.
Contraindication jikelele wokusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zomlomo:
- izifo zesibindi zemvelo ezonakalisayo;
- i-pathology yezinso, ebonakaliswa ukungasebenzi kahle noma izinqubo zokuvuvukala;
- isifo senhliziyo esibuhlungu kakhulu;
- ingozi ye-cerebrovascular;
- hypersensitivity yomuntu ngamunye;
- ukukhulelwa
- inkathi yokuqunjelwa.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwehlisa i-glycemia yakho. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu uqobo abe nesifiso kanye nesifiso sokufeza lokhu, futhi izincomo zikadokotela oholayo zizosiza ukumisa i-hyperglycemia futhi zifinyelele esimweni sesinxephezelo sesikhathi eside.
