I-insulin yi-hormone eyenza inani elikhulu lemisebenzi, phakathi kwayo okungewona kuphela umthethonqubo nokulawula ushukela wegazi, kodwa futhi nokujwayezwa kwe-carbohydrate, amaprotheni kanye namafutha metabolism. Ngokushoda kwale-hormone emzimbeni, izifo ezahlukahlukene ziqala ukukhula, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, okuyinto, ngeshwa, sisifo esingelapheki. Futhi ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuvela kwayo kwenzeka kanjani, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwa ini emzimbeni womuntu nokuthi ukukhululeka kwayo kungandiswa yini.
Yisiphi isitho esibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwa kuphi futhi kuphi emzimbeni womuntu, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi amanyikwe yisitho esikhulu esiveza la mahomoni. Lesi sitho sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, sitholakala ngemuva kwesisu futhi simelela indlala enkulu kunayo yonke esemzimbeni womuntu. Okuqukethe izingxenye eziningana:
- umzimba;
- amakhanda;
- umsila.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yalesi sitho umzimba, okubonakala kwayo ifana neplasma yodweshu. Isidumbu sendlala simbozwe yi-duodenum 12, ngakwesokunene sayo yikhanda, ngakwesokunxele - umsila.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pancreas aneziqhingi ezibonakala njengeziqu zamaseli. Banesibopho sokwenza i-insulin emzimbeni. Lezi ziqhingi zinegama lazo - iziqhingi zeLangerhans neziqithi zepancreatic. Zinosayizi abancane kakhulu, kepha ziningi zazo (cishe isigidi esi-1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo sabo sisonke asidluli i-2 g, futhi lokhu kungu-3% kuphela wesisindo sesitho. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kosayizi omncane kangako, lezi ziqhingi zikhiqiza ngempumelelo i-insulin futhi ziqinisekisa inkambo evamile ye-lipid, carbohydrate kanye ne-protein metabolism.
Umsebenzi we-Pancreatic Islet
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni kwenzeka ngeziqhingi zepancreas, okuwukuqongelela amaseli. Banamagama abo - amaseli we-beta. Zenza kusebenze ukugcinwa kwe-insulin ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu eseqede ukudla, kanye nalokho okungene kuyo ushukela omningi emzimbeni, kudinga ukuwohloka okuphuthumayo kanye nokutholwa, kungenjalo kuqala ukuhlala egazini, okucasulayo ukubhujiswa kwezitho eziningi nezinhlelo.
Isakhiwo samanyikwe
Njengomthetho, ukugcinwa kwe-insulin kukhubazeka lapho amaseli e-beta elimele noma lapho ama-pancreas evezwa izinto ezingezinhle, ezifana notshwala noma ukucindezelwa. Futhi lapho indlala ingakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, ngokushesha isifo sikashukela siqala ukukhula.
Kuqala, le hormone ikhiqizwa ngamaseli e-beta, bese idluliselwa eGolgi tata. Kulapha lapho ahlangana khona nezinto ezahlukahlukene, ngemuva kwalokho i-C-peptide iqale ukubonakala. Kungemva kokudlula kuzo zonke lezi zinqubo, i-insulin ifakwe emigqonyeni yemfihlo futhi ihlala kuzo ngqo kuze kube isikhathi lapho i-hyperglycemia yenzeka emzimbeni, okungukuthi, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka.
Lapho izinga likashukela wegazi likhuphuka ngaphandle kwebanga elijwayelekile, amangqamuzana e-beta aqala ukukhipha i-insulin emigodini yegazi iye egazini, lapho igobolondo lakhona liqhuma khona bese ingena ekuphenduleni kwe-chain noshukela, kuyiphule bese kuyiyisa kumaseli womzimba.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin
Emphakathini wanamuhla, abantu bavame ukudla ukudla okunamafutha nama-carbohydrate amaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-pancreas ihlala icindezelwa futhi iguge, ngenxa yalokho i-insulin emzimbeni womuntu iqala ukukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane. Lokhu imbangela eyinhloko futhi evamile yokwanda kwesifo sikashukela esikhulu kangaka phakathi kwabantu emhlabeni. Futhi uma ngaphambili kwatholakala ukuthi sisegugile ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, namuhla lesi sifo siyatholakala kubantu abasha abaneminyaka yobudala babo bungadluli eminyakeni engama-25.
Umsebenzi we-insulin
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa akukho lula ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngokweqile, owenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Kuqala, ngemuva kokuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwe iziqhingi zepancreas, amaseli omzimba ayaphendula, anda ukutholakala kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela uqala ukungena ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwawo, lapho luguqulwa lube yi-glycogen, ngokushesha eyithunyelwa emisipha nasezibindini.
IGlycogen ingumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Iningi lazo linqwabelana ngezicubu zemisipha futhi kuphela inani elincane elingena esibindini. Emzimbeni womuntu, inani layo licishe libe ngu-0.5 g, kepha ngemithwalo esindayo iyancipha.
Kuyamangaza njengoba kungabonakala, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin, enomphumela ophambene we-glucagon, nawo owenziwe islet of Langerhans, kodwa ngamaseli we-beta kuphela, kodwa ngamaseli we-alpha. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwayo, i-glycogen iyadedelwa futhi amazinga kashukela wegazi ayanda.
Kungenxa yalezi zinqubo ukuthi ibhalansi emzimbeni iyagcinwa. I-insulin inikezela secretion yama-enzymes wokugaya, anikela ekugayweni okujwayelekile kokudla, futhi i-glucagon yenza umphumela ophambene - ikhulisa isiphepho se-G-protein-Mediated adenylate cyclase futhi isheshise ukwakheka kwe-cAMP. Konke lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kwe-catabolism esibindini.
Futhi ukufingqa imiphumela emincane, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-pancreas awakhiqizi i-insulin kuphela, kodwa namanye ama-hormone, ngaphandle kwawo ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba akunakwenzeka.
Imisebenzi yama-hormone akhiqizwa ama-pancreas
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni?
Uma i-pancreas ikhiqiza i-insulin ejwayelekile, khona-ke zonke izinqubo zokugaya ukudla kanye nemetabolism zenzeka njengoba bekulindelekile. Kodwa lapho nje ukuncipha kwe-hormone kuncipha, kuvela izinkinga zempilo ngokushesha. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki ngaso leso sikhathi. Izifo ze-pancreatic zikhula kancane, kepha lokhu kungukubamba okuphelele, ngoba ekuqaleni kokukhula kwazo zi-asymptomatic, futhi lapho kuvela izimpawu, amandla okuwalapha avele anyamalale.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin?Ngakho-ke, umuntu ngamunye udinga izindlela zokuvimbela ezijwayelekile zokunciphisa ukucasulwa kwe-insulin. Futhi kwenziwa kalula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele:
- kungafaki ukudla okuphezulu kumanoni kanye nama-carbohydrate ekudleni;
- yeka imikhuba emibi;
- ngena kwezemidlalo;
- zama ukugwema izimo ezicindezelayo.
Ngamanye amagama, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin ukuze asebenze kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi, udinga nje ukuhola impilo enempilo.
Ungayandisa kanjani imfihlo ye-insulin emzimbeni?
Sekushiwo ngaphezulu ukuthi kungani kunokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Isizathu salokhu kungaba ukungondleki kahle, impilo yokuhlala phansi, imikhuba emibi noma ukucindezelwa. Kepha noma umuntu ephila ngendlela eyiyo, ngeshwa, akuvamile ukuba kuvikeleke ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo esibi. Futhi isizathu salokhu ukuqagela ifa.
Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bayazibuza: kanjani ukuthi ama-pancreas akhiqize inani elijwayelekile le-insulin? Esimweni lapho indlala isivele iphazamisekile, lokhu kungalungiswa kuphela ngemithi equkethe i-insulin. Umthamo wazo ukhethwa ngawodwana futhi kuya ngezici zomzimba kanye nezinga lokwephulwa kokuqanjwa kwamahomoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyimpoqo. Kunconywa ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane kanye nezikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku. Ukudla okuvame kakhulu ukungena esiswini, okusebenzayo ngokwengeziwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Kodwa-ke, labo abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okusiza i-pancreas nokuthi yikuphi okungasebenzi.
Ukuze ama-pancreas asebenze kahle, udinga ukudla ngokulinganisela
Yenza kusebenze ukuvusa insulin kusiza ukudla okufana:
- kefir;
- iklabishi;
- ama-apula
- Ama-Blueberries
- iparsley.
Uma le mikhiqizo ihlala ikhona etafuleni likashukela, umzimba womuntu uzoqala ukukhiqiza kangcono i-insulin futhi izingozi zokuqhubeka kokuqhubeka kwezifo ziyancishiswa.
Ngeshwa, i-pancreas yisitho esingenayo impahla yokuzelapha. Futhi-ke, uma amaseli ayo elimele, ukusebenza kwawo ngeke kubuyiswe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo zamanyikwe kubhekwa njengezifo ezingenakuphikwa. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bayelulekwa ukuthi basebenzise ukuvimba kwabo njalo, ikakhulukazi ngoba akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni.
