Ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile

I-Glycemia ibizwa nge-glucose yegazi. Lesi yisimo somzimba esibhekele ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni wezinto eziphilayo. Izinkomba zeshukela ezinamanzi zingashintshashintshela phezulu noma phansi, ezingaba nomlingiswa womzimba kanye nowokugula. Izinga le-glucose likhuphuka ngemuva kokudla okungena emzimbeni, ngokufakwa okwanele kwe-insulin, futhi kuyehla ngenxa ye-catabolism, i-hyperthermia, ukubonakaliswa kwengcindezi nokuzivocavoca okukhulu ngokomzimba.

Izinga le-glucose egazini lingumzuzu obalulekile wokuxilonga, okuvumela ukuthi ucacise ushintsho kumetaboliki we-carbohydrate kanye nezinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaseli nezicubu zomzimba. Izinkomba zesimo esijwayelekile neze-pathology ziyabhekwa endatshaneni.

Iglucose egazini lomuntu

Wonke ama-carbohydrate angena emzimbeni awangenwa ngesimo sawo sokuqala. Ziphihliwe zakha ama-monosaccharides asebenzisa ama-enzyme akhethekile. Izinga lale ndlela yokusabela lixhomeke ekuthini yinkimbinkimbi yokwakheka. Ama-Saccharides amaningi ayingxenye ye-carbohydrate, ancipha kancane izinqubo zokuqhekeka nokufakwa kweglue kusuka emgodini wamathumbu ungene egazini.

Kubalulekile emzimbeni womuntu ukuthi inani le-glucose esegazini lihlala likhona ngokwejwayelekile, ngoba yileli-Saccharide elinikeza amandla kuwo wonke amaseli nezicubu. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka umsebenzi wobuchopho, wenhliziyo, wemishini yokuqinisa izicubu.

Ukugcina amazinga we-glycemic efanelekile kuyisiqinisekiso sempilo

Kwenzekani uma izinga likashukela lidlula amazinga amukelekile:

• I-hypoglycemia (izinkomba ezingezansi ezejwayelekile) ibangela amandla endlala, ngenxa yalokho amaseli ezinhlavu ezibalulekile zezitho zomzimba;
• I-hyperglycemia (izinga likashukela ngaphezulu kwes evamile) ikhubaza ukulimaza kwemithambo yegazi, kuholele ekunciphiseni kwe-lumen yabo kanye ne-pathology eyengeziwe yezicubu eziyinqaba ekuthuthukiseni i-gangrene.

Izinkomba ezijwayelekile

Amazinga kashukela wegazi anqunywa ngezindlela eziningana. Ngayinye yazo inezinombolo zayo ezijwayelekile.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemitholampilo

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kukuvumela ukuthi ucacise izinkomba eziningi zezinto ezakhiwe, i-hemoglobin, uhlelo lokuqina, ukucacisa ubukhona bezinqubo zokwaliwa noma zokuvuvukala. Le ndlela yokuxilonga ayikhombisi ileveli kashukela, kepha iyisisekelo esibophezelekile kuzo zonke ezinye izifundo ezikhonjiswe ngezansi.

Ukuhlolwa ushukela

Ukuhlolwa kunquma ukuthi malini i-monosaccharide esegazini le-capillary. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa iyafana kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala, ezinganeni ziyahlukahluka ngeminyaka. Ukuze uthole idatha efanele, kufanele ulahle isidlo sasekuseni, uxubha amazinyo akho, uhlafuna izinsini. Emini, ungaphuzi utshwala nemithi (ngemuva kwengxoxo nodokotela wakho). Igazi lithathwa emunweni. Imiphumela ingaba ngamayunithi alandelayo: mmol / l, mg / 100 ml, mg / dl, mg /%. Ithebula libonisa izimpendulo ezingenzeka (ku-mmol / l).

Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali

I-Biochemistry yindlela yokuxilonga indawo yonke, ngoba, ngaphezu kwe-glycemia, ikuvumela ukuthi unqume izinombolo zenombolo enkulu yezinkomba. Ngokucwaninga, igazi elivela emithanjeni liyadingeka.

Igazi lingamanzi okuphilayo, izinguquko ezinkombeni zazo ezibonisa ukuba khona kwe-pathology emzimbeni

Okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-monosaccharide ekuhlaziyeni kwamakhemikhali kwehluka ekuxilongeni ngeminwe cishe ngo-10-12% (mmol / l):

• ekufinyeleleni iminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu - 3.7-6.0;
• isimo semingcele lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5 nangaphezulu - 6.0-6.9;
• Isifo sikashukela mellitus - ngaphezulu kwe-6.9;
• indlela evamile yezinsana ngu-2.7-4.4;
• okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nasebegugile ngu-4.6-6.8.

Kwi-plasma yegazi le-venous, hhayi izinkomba zikashukela kuphela ezinqunyelwe, kodwa futhi ne-cholesterol level, ngoba ubudlelwane balezi zinto ezimbili bufakazelwe isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlaziywa okufanayo kwenziwa emacaleni alandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwesibalo sabantu;
• ukukhuluphala
• i-pathology yezinsiza ze-endocrine;
• ukuba khona kwezimpawu ze-hypo- noma i-hyperglycemia;
• ukubheka isiguli okunamandla;
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze ungafaki indlela yokutholakala "kwesifo esimnandi".

Incazelo yokubekezelelana

Ukuxilongwa isifo sikashukela

Ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose yisimo samaseli womzimba, lapho umuzwa wawo we-insulin uncishiswa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwaleli hormone pancreatic, ushukela akakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kweseli ukunikeza amandla adingekayo. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngokubekezelela okungahambi kahle, kukhuphuka inani leshukela kuplasma wegazi.

Uma i-pathology enjalo ikhona, inganqunywa kusetshenziswa isivivinyo se- "Exercise", esikuvumela ukuthi ucacise ukusebenza kwe-carbohydrate monosaccharide ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-carbohydrate esheshayo.

Ucwaningo lunqunywe kumacala alandelayo:

• ukuba khona kwezimpawu zesifo "esimnandi" ezinamanani ajwayelekile kashukela egazini;
• i-glucosuria ngezikhathi ezithile (ushukela emchameni);
• ukukhuphula umthamo womchamo ngosuku;
• i-pathology ye-carbohydrate metabolism;
• ukuba khona kwezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela;
• ukukhulelwa nokuzalwa kwengane enomlando we-macrosomia;
• ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinsiza ezibukwayo.

Igazi lithathwa esigulini, i-glucose powder ihlanganiswa engilazini yamanzi noma itiye, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokwemiyalo kadokotela, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwamahora we-1, 2) igazi liyabuye lithathwe. Uyini umkhawulo ovumelekile wesimo esijwayelekile, kanye nezibalo ze-pathology zingabonakala kuhlu olungezansi.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose

IGlycosylated hemoglobin

Usebenzisa le ndlela yokuxilonga, ungalinganisa ushukela wakho wegazi ngaphezulu kwekota edlule. I-erythrocyte hemoglobin ibopha kuma-monosaccharides, yakha i-glycated hemoglobin, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthola amanani aphakathi komjikelezo wokuphila kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okuyizinsuku ezingama-120.

Izinkomba zikalwa njengephesenti (%) yenani eliphelele le-hemoglobin esegazini. Imidwebo engezansi kwe-5.7% ibhekwa njengejwayelekile, izinkomba ezifika ku-6% zibonisa ubungozi obujwayelekile bokuthola lesi sifo kanye nesidingo sokulungiswa kokudla. I-6.1-6.5% - ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo, ngaphezulu kwe-6.5% - ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kuyangabaza. Amaphesenti ngalinye ahambelana nezibalo ezithile ze-glucose, okuyidatha emaphakathi.

Ukuxhumana kwezinkomba ze-HbA1c glycemia

I-Fructosamine

Lokhu kuhlaziya kukhombisa okuqukethwe kwe-serum monosaccharide emasontweni angama-2-3 edlule. Okujwayelekile kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-320 μmol / l. Ukuhlolwa kubalulekile ezimweni lapho udokotela ohambele khona ethathe isinqumo sokushintsha amaqhinga okuthola ukwelashwa, ukulawula izinga lesinxephezelo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kubantu abane-anemia (i-hemoglobin ye-glycated izosonteka).

Izinombolo ngenhla kwe-370 μmol / L zibonisa ubukhona bezimo:

• degree lokuncipha kwesifo sikashukela;
• ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• i-hypothyroidism;
• amazinga aphezulu e-IgA.

Izinga elingezansi kwe-270 μmol / L libonisa okulandelayo:

• i-hypoproteinemia;
• isifo sikashukela se-nephropathy;
• i-hyperthyroidism;
• ukudla imithamo ephezulu ye-vithamini C.

I-Pathology kashukela wegazi

I-Hyperglycemia, ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, ingahambisana nokuvuvukala okukhulu kwamakhanda, isifo se-adrenal gland, isifo sesibindi, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kokuhlangana kokudla komlomo kwabesifazane ngabesifazane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-diuretics nama-steroid (emadodeni).

Isimo se-hyperglycemia siba khona ngisho noma ukufundwa kashukela esiswini esingenalutho kuphakeme kuno-6.7 mmol / l. Izinombolo ezidlulela ku-16 mmol / l zikhombisa ukuqala kwe-precoma, ngaphezu kwe-33 mmol / l - ketoacidotic coma, ngenhla kuka-45 mmol / l - hyperosmolar coma. Izimo ze-precoma ne-coma zithathwa njengebucayi, zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

I-Hypoglycemia ikhula ngamanani kashukela angaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol / L. Lesi yisilinganiso esimaphakathi, kepha imikhawulo evumelekile ingahluka ngaphakathi kwe-0.6 mmol / l endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudakwa (i-ethanol, i-arsenic, izidakamizwa), i-hypothyroidism, indlala, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile ngokweqile kungaba izimbangela zeglucose ephansi yegazi.

Udokotela ohambelayo "ungumhlaziyi" oyinhloko wezinkomba ze-glycemia nezinguquko emzimbeni

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-hypoglycemia nayo ingakhula. Kuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwengxenye ye-monosaccharide yingane. I-Hyperglycemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ikhombisa ukukhula kwesimo sokuthambisa sesifo sikashukela (esifana ne-pathogenesis kwifomu elizimele le-insulin futhi sihambisana nokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose ephazamisekile). Lesi simo sihamba sodwa ngemuva kokuba ingane izelwe.

Izinkomba zoshukela wegazi, kanye namanye amaqhinga okuphatha isiguli, kufanele ahlolwe futhi akhethwe uchwepheshe. Ukuhunyushwa okuzimele kwezibalo kungaholela ekungaqondisisweni kwesimo sempilo yomuntu siqu, injabulo ngokweqile, kanye nokuqalwa okungazelelwe kokwelashwa uma kunesidingo.