"Ngenxa yokwanda kwesifo sikashukela emhlabeni eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-pancreas ayibhekwa njengento yokugaya ukudla, kepha njengomthombo okhiqiza i-insulin - i-hormone elawula ushukela wegazi.
Kepha lowo osezizwele bonke ubunzima be-pancreatitis engapheli, kudala azi ukuthi i-lipase yisidalwa esidiliza amafutha asiza nokudla okudlalile, nokuthi kubi kanjani lapho le lipase iphakanyiswa egazini.
Kuyini lipase?
Ulimi olomile lwezesayensi lubeka i-pancreatic lipase njenge-enzyme evela engxenyeni engezansi yama-esterases (esigabeni sama-hydrolases) futhi iphawula ukufana kwezakhiwo zayo ne-hepatic igazi lipase.
Lapho uhlukanisa lokhu okungenhla, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi ama-hydrolases afaka amakhemikhali-ama-biocatalysts (ama-enzyme) ukuthi i-hydrolyze (ihlephule) amafutha wokudla (i-triglycerides) ibe yi-glycerol yamahhala nezinto ezivela esigabeni esinamafutha aphezulu.
Ngamanye amagama, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwalesi enzyme, okuyingxenye yejusi le-pancreatic, bekungeke kwenzeke noma ukumuncwa kwamafutha omzimba, noma amafutha omzimba kuwo, okusho impilo enjalo. Okwezidlo, zombili ezisesendleleni nangendlela eyongiwe, umzimba udinga ukufeza izinhloso eziningi - kusukela ekudaleni ama-membranes e-compact, ahlala isikhathi eside, aqokelekayo ukuvikela umzimba kusuka ekuqhekekeni nasekulimazeni lapho uwe phansi emuva (ubuso nobuso - nomhlane wakho nokuphanga).
Imisebenzi yento emzimbeni
Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kuwo wonke ama-lipases emzimbeni, i-lingual lipase iqala ukungena kumdlalo - i-enzyme ekhonza ukufaka i-emulsiting (idlulisela kwifomu elilungele ukumuncwa) amafutha obisi lwebele (i-triacylglycerols) ngqo emlonyeni, ngoba le nto ikhiqizwa yizindlala ezisebenza ngomlomo.
Umzimba wezingane unezimpawu zawo:
- ukukhula ngokushesha kanye nokukhula komzimba nezitho zomzimba akusho ukuthi kudalwe izitolo ezibalulekile ze-glycogen;
- inqubo ye-glucose Fermentation ayikaqedwa ukwenziwa.
Ngokubheka lokhu, ama-triacylglycerols (nawo angama-triglycerides, ama-triglycerols, amafutha angathathi hlangothi, amafutha akhanyayo), ahlukahluka kokuqukethwe okubalulekile kwama-asidi anamafutha, empeleni uwukuphela komthombo wamandla hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nokushisa komzimba wengane.
Njengoba amathe asebekhulile engenawo ama-enzyme aqabula ukugqashuka kwe-lipid emlonyeni, kanti umthamo we-triacylglycerols ogcotshwe esiswini nge-lipase yejusi lawo mncane, imfihlakalo eyinhloko yokuvuselelwa kwempilo okuphakade idluliselwa ekukhanyisweni kwengxenye yamathumbu abizwa ngokuthi amathumbu amancane - ikakhulukazi, emathunjini amathumbu , ebizwa nge-duodenum (okuwumnyango wabo wokuqala).
Uma umsebenzi we-encyme yolimi etholakala kuphela ekugxilisweni kwamafutha obisi lwebele, futhi i-gaseric lipase kuwukuqhekeka kwama -ututernins wamafutha ahlukahlukene, khona-ke (ngokungafani ne-lipase ye-hepatic, ebandakanyeka ekuqhekekeni kwe-VLDLPs kuphela ye-density ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-chylomicrons), i-pancreatic gland lipase esejwayelekile kwi-hydrolyze - Amafutha atholwe ngokudla futhi asevele eqhutshekwe nokusebenza okuyingxenye ngama-enzyme asesiswini.
Kepha leli nani lokusila lokugaya okukhulu nalo alisebenzi lodwa - ngokusebenza kwalo ngempumelelo, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ezidingekayo:
- i-calcium ion (ngoba i-pancreatic lipase iyi-enzyme yokuncika kwe-calcium);
- emulsation yokuqala yamafutha adliwayo yi-bile eyiswa ku-lumen yamathumbu yisibindi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuze "uvuthwe" i-proenzyme (into yokuqala engasebenzi) ye-prolipase ku-enzyme egcwele i-pancreatic, kuyadingeka ukuyisebenzisa ku-duodenum ngesenzo se-bile acid, kanye ne-colipase, enye yama-enzymes aqukethe ujusi we-pancreatic.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kwenziwa “imizamo eminingi yamakhemikhali” amaningi, kusiza ukuqaphela ukuthi i-lipase iyadingeka ukuze:
- Ukuchithwa, ukucubungula kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha kube izingxenyana ezihlukile;
- ukuthathwa kweqembu elinamavithamini anyibilikayo (A, K, E, D), kanye namafutha acid omhlanganiso we-polyunsaturated;
- ukugcina izinga eliphelele lokushintshana kwamandla elenziwa yi-plasma lipids.
Isimo sezinhlelo eziningi zomzimba sincike kuzinga le-pancreatic lipase.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo, ukutholakala kwe:
- dyslipoproteinemia (ikakhulukazi, thayipha i-IA hyperlipoproteinemia);
- ama-triglycerides ngokweqile kuma-serum lipoprotein;
- umtholampilo wesifo senhliziyo se-ischemic (isifo senhliziyo esi-coronary);
- I-xanthomas (enomkhuba wokusakazeka);
- ubujamo be-malabsorption (isisu sokugaya) kwama-acid amaketanga amade.
Kusele ukwengeza ukuthi umsebenzi ophezulu we-pancreatic gland enzyme kwenzeka kwi-pH ye-alkaline ye-8-9 (ngenkathi inkomba ye-4-5 kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-cleavage ye-emulsified triacyl glycerols).
Ngenxa yokuthi ngesibalo sezifo eziningi, umsebenzi walesi simiso sokudla ukhuphuka kakhulu (ngokungena kwawo egazini), okuqukethwe kwawo kulolu ketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo kusivumela ukuba sahlulele ukuba khona kwezifo zomzimba kanye nezimo ze-pancreatic gland. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe yi-enzyme esegazini (kokubili kuya phezulu kuya phansi) kusebenza njengesikhombisi sokuxilonga kwezinye izinhlobo zokucindezelwa ngokweqile.
Ividiyo yokuqeqesha kuma-enzyme:
Izizathu Zokuthuthukisa i-Enzyme
Ngokunikezwe ukuthi inqubo ejwayelekile ye-lipase esegazini (ngokuya ngocwaningo lwe-turbidimetric indlela) icishe ibe ngama-190 amayunithi / ml kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala, ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 - ngaphakathi kwamayunithi ayi-130 / ml (amayunithi womsebenzi we-enzymatic ku-1 ml wegazi), ukwanda kwalesi sikhombisi ingakhombisa bobabili ukuphazamiseka kokugaya kanye ne-systemic pathology.
Ngakho-ke, ukweqisa egazini (kanye nokushoda ngesikhathi esisodwa emgodini wokugaya ukudla) kuwuphawu loku:
- i-pancreatitis
- izimila zesikhumba se-pancreatic;
- i-pathology engapheli ye-gallbladder;
- izimo ezimbi kakhulu (izigaba ze-bicary colic, infarction ye-myocardial).
Kuvela isithombe esifanayo kusuka ku:
- ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu;
- i-peritonitis;
- Ukulimala kwamathambo noma ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile.
Okufanayo kuyabonakala ngezimo ezihlelekile:
- ukukhuluphala;
- gout
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- umdlavuza webele.
Izizathu eziphansi
Izizathu zokunciphisa amazinga we-serum lipase wegazi zingaba:
- okweqile ama-triglyceride amafutha ekudleni okudliwayo (ukudla okungenangqondo, ukudla okungenakulinganiswa);
- i-systemic (oncological) pathology (ngaphandle, kepha, umdlavuza wama-pancreas uqobo);
- okunye, isizathu esivela kaningi (noma esingatholakali kakhulu) isizathu.
I-lipase yegazi ephansi nayo ingaba nalokhu:
- hyperlipidemia yelifa;
- ngokushintshwa kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi ifomu elingamahlalakhona.
Ekugcineni, lesi simo singaba ngumphumela we:
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- ukuntuleka kwepancreas (ngenxa yokususwa kwayo okusebenzayo).
