Izimpawu nokubonakaliswa komdlavuza we-pancreatic

Kunzima ukubona izimpawu ze-oncology, akukhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi ilungu lesitho elibandakanyekayo, izimpawu azivezwanga. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic, izibonakaliso zazo ezisezigabeni zokuqala azizwakali ngokuphelele. Noma umuntu ezinakekela kakhulu, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi uqinisekiswe yini ngokugula.

Kodwa-ke, kunento efana nokuxilongwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic usebenzisa amamaki we-tumor, evumela ukuthi kutholakale lesi sifo emazingeni lapho impilo nempilo yesiguli ingasindiswa.

Kulokhu, kuyadingeka okuningana - udinga nje ukuzikholisa ukuze ube yizinto zokucwaninga, noma imiphi imizwa lo mcabango kumuntu (ongakabi yisiguli) ovele, ngaphandle kokulinda ukubukeka kwakhe ukuthi abike lesi sifo.

Ukusebenza kwendlala emzimbeni

Lesi yisitho esinezimbili kuyo yonke into, sifana nekhadi lokudlala: intokazi evela phezulu - intokazi evela ngezansi, ubani obaluleke kakhudlwana? Kungenzeka yini ukukhetha okuyinhloko kwemisebenzi yayo emibili eyenziwe emzimbeni? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyisakhiwo esikhiqiza ijusi (i-pancreatic), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kokukhushulwa kwangaphakathi, okulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi nokunye okuningi.

Ukulawula ikhwalithi nezakhiwo zegazi akunqunyelwe ekukhiqizeni i-insulin.

Ngaphezu kwamaseli we-ꞵ abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwawo, kukhona namaseli ama-α akhiqiza ama-hormone anegama elihlukile nomshini wokusebenza.

Ibizwa ngokuthi i-glucagon, inesibopho esifanayo sezinga elanele le-glucose egazini - kepha izinga lilingana nezimo zenhlekelele.

Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi enkulu, ukucindezelwa okwedlulele (kuqokwe ngokusemthethweni yigama elithi "hit or run"), i-glucagon ngokushesha inikezela ngezinga le-glucose edingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe izitho ezibalulekile.

Kubangela ukugqugquzelwa okuphuthumayo kusuka esibindini samasheya we-glycogen - into eguqulwa kalula i-glucose, okumisela kwayo engqondweni kungaphazanyiswa, nenhliziyo - kuyinikeze ukondleka ngesikhathi sokugcwala ngokweqile.

Esimweni sokulamba isikhathi eside okuphoqiwe noma ukudla okuziqhelanisa nokudla okuphelele, i-glucagon futhi ihlinzeka umzimba ngokudla okumba kalula.

Ukuba khona kwama-δ-cell kuma-islets ama-Langerhans akhiqiza i-hormone somatostatin kuvumela umzimba ukuthi uvimbe namandla athile e-pituitary gland (ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula, ebhekene nosayizi womzimba) ne-yegilo yegilo, ngenkathi isebenzisa i-"hormone hormone" ghrelin ekhiqizayo, ilawula isifiso sokudla.

Ngakho-ke, ama-pancreas aqinisekisa ukusebenza komzimba ngezindlela ezimbili: kuyilapho ijusi le-pancreatic lidiliza isigaxa sokudla, esivela esiswini singena kwi-duodenum, singene kuma-carbohydrate, emafutheni namaprotheni, igazi elihamba emzimbeni wakhe ligcwele ama-hormone alawula izinga le-metabolism namandla emzimbeni.

Izibalo zezehlakalo

Ukuba nekhodi yayo ku-International Classization of Diseases - ICD code 10 - C25, umdlavuza we-pancreatic unezibalo zayo.

Ngokusho kwakhe, ingozi yokuthinteka yi-oncology inyuka ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni engama-30 kuye kwengama-50, iba ngaphezulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-70.

Okuthinteka kakhulu:

• abesilisa
• abahlali be-megacities;
• umndeni;
• ababhemayo
• abathengi bemikhiqizo equkethe utshwala.

Iqembu lokugcina lifaka phakathi labo abaphuza utshwala, hhayi kuphela ngesimo se-vodka, newayini, ubhiya, kepha futhi nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo nokuqukethwe kwalo.

Ingozi yokufa iphakeme kulabo abasindwa yizifo, okuholela enkingeni hhayi kuphela ngepheshana lesisu, kodwa futhi nenhliziyo (imithambo), umzimba, isimo segazi nokwakheka kwegazi - ezigulini:

• cholelithiasis kanye ne-urolithiasis;
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• isifo sikashukela mellitus;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-etiologies ehlukahlukene;
• ngokubonisa ngokweqile kwegazi (i-thrombophlebitis, i-varicose veins, hemorrhoids).

Kwesobunxele endaweni yesine emhlabeni maqondana nokufa okuvela kuyo yonke i-oncological pathologies, lesi sifo sitholakala emphakathini ophucukile, ontuthuko.

Izimbangela zesifo

Izimbangela eziphambili zomdlavuza zihlala utshwala nengcindezi.

Endaweni yesibili kunamasiko wokudla womndeni: ukuvama, ukugcwala ngokweqile, ngobuningi be-muffin, okumnandi futhi okunzima ukuhlanganisa imikhiqizo.

Okwesithathu kuhlale ngokuqinile ukudla nokudla okufakwe okusha okuhloswe ngakho ukukhipha umzimba wamakhilogremu ngokuvamile okudingeka umzimba ube khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukufana kuyakhula:

• ukubhema;
• ukusetshenziswa ukudla okusheshayo;
• ukusetshenziswa okungafuneki kolwazi olusakazwa ngendlela yemisebe kagesi nezinye izinhlobo zemisebe;
• indlela yokuphila enethezekile nokuhlala phansi;
• ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlolwe isikhathi sokuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokugcina ukubukeka kwezemidlalo;
• uhambo kanye nezikhathi zebhizinisi eziya ezigodini zezikhathi nezindawo zomhlaba onemibandela ehlukene yokuphila.

Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka komuntu wanamuhla ovuthiwe: umpetha, ophumelele futhi oxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo, angahlukani ngocingo, "ukuphumula" ngokubhema, ukuphuza ngokulingana kodwa nokudla okujwayelekile okuphuza utshwala nezitsha ezikhethekile ohambweni lomhlaba wonke kungaba ukukhohlisa - kuqinisekisa ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza, cha.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva:

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo

Ngokunikezwa kwezimpawu nemisebenzi yomzimba ngamunye, kukhona amayunithi we-pancreatic oncology:

• ngezakhi zomzimba nezomlando zezakhiwo ezithintekile;
• ngokwasendaweni okugxilwe kuyo yilesi sifo.

Izinhlobo

Ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izicubu ezithintekile, zingamelwa yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• i-mucinous cystadenocarcinoma evela ku-cystaden glandular cyst;
• i-giant cell adenocarcinoma enokuqothuka kwesakhiwo se-cystic;
• umdlavuza we-acinar;
• i-glandular-squamous, ehlanganisa umsuka wawo womabili amaseli we-ducts ye-gland, kanye naseminyangweni ekhiqiza ama-enzyme;
• squamous aphumayo ezakhiweni ze-duct;
• i-ductal adenocarcinoma, ethinta amaseli abopha izindunduma;
• umdlavuza ongakhethwanga, oyingozi kakhulu ngokwentuthuko.

Ukubandakanyeka kwezindawo ezisebenza nge-endocrine kuholela ekutholakaleni kwe:

• ama-glucagonomas (akhiqiza ama-glucagon amaningi);
• ama-insulinomas (akhiqiza i-insulin ngokweqile);
• i-gastrinomas (nge-hyperproduction ye-gastrin - ihomoni evuselela umsebenzi wesisu).

Ngokwasendaweni

Ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwesitho kuzindawo zokwakha nezisebenzayo, i-lesion iyahlukaniswa:

• amakhanda;
• umsila;
• umzimba.

Izimpawu nokuboniswa

Zincike ohlotsheni, esigabeni sokukhula kwalesi sifo - ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuvela kwe-metastases, lapho sikhona noma singabikhona kwe-concomitant pathology (isizinda lapho isifo saqala khona).

Umdlavuza wekhanda ungenzeka:

• izinhlungu zesisu - esifundeni se-epigastric (epigastric) ngokusabalala kwe-hypochondrium yangakwesokudla futhi iqhubeke iye emuva;
• ukubonakala komzwelo wokugcwala kwesisu, usizi esiswini esiphezulu ngemuva kokudla ingxenye ejwayelekile noma encane yokudla;
• umsebenzi ongafanele owenziwe buthakathaka, ukukhathala okungenasizathu, ukozela;
• ukunciphisa umzimba okungenasisekelo;
• ukubonakala kombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu okwemvelo yengxenye ngenxa yokwakheka kwengubo yegazi emthanjeni wayo.

Ebusuku, ubukhulu bobuhlungu buyanda, buthakathaka ukwamukelwa kwesikhundla esithile: ukubeka umzimba phambili noma ukugoba imilenze emadolweni lapho ulele emhlane.

Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo ngenxa yokucindezela okwandayo kwesibindi esiseduze, kuvela izimpawu zokungasebenzi kwalesi sitho:

• i-jaundice, iqala ngokuvela kancane kwe-sclera, kepha kancane kancane ifinyelele kumbala onsundu onsundu onsundu waso sonke isikhumba sesiguli;
• isikhumba esikhulu "kwesibindi" ukulunywa okubangelwa ukufakwa kukasawoti we-bile esikhunjeni;
• ukucwilisa umchamo, kumnyama ubala umbala wobhiya, kanye nokuqumbeka ngasikhathi sinye kwezindunduma.

Ukudla okunomsoco ku-oncology kunezimpawu zayo. Ngenxa yokungakwazi kokudla okumelwe kugaywe ujusi we-pancreatic, kuvela ushintsho lwesimilo - kuba ngumzimba wokugcwala, uketshezi futhi kufakwe iphunga. Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kubonakaliswa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuthokomala, ukulahleka kwesifiso, ukuphikiswa kokudla kwenyama nokungabekezelelani okunamafutha.

Kuvezwa icala lomdlavuza womsila noma womzimba wamanyikwe.

• Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (umthamo omkhulu nokuchama njalo, umlomo owomile, ukoma);
• Izimpawu ze-glucagonoma, ezibonakaliswa ushintsho esimweni sesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo (ingaphezulu lolimi "selululiwe" lube isicwebezelisi, kutholakala umbala obomvu kakhulu, ukubukeka kokuqhekeka okukhohlakele emakhoneni omlomo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kuhlangene nezimpawu ze-eczema noma i-dermatitis - ukuqubuka emaphethelweni.

Kuvezwa isithombe se-gastrinoma:

• Ubuhlungu be-epigastric ngemuva kokudla;
• umuzwa wokuthi "up", "umile" isisu;
• imvamisa (futhi bese njalo) isifo sohudo;
• amafutha, izindwangu ezingenakuqhamuka ezivela endlini encane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho okukhethekile, izimpawu ezijwayelekile zivela ngendlela yezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona i-pancreatitis engamahlalakhona:

• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingenhla;
• ukukhipha amafutha e-fecal;
• isicanucanu
• Izinguquko ezinesifiso sokudla ngokuncipha noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele;
• ukwanda kwesisindo.

Kaningi, umdlavuza walokhu kwendawo uhambisana nomuzwa osobala wesisindo ku-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele, kanye:

• ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwe-libido yabesifazane (drive sex);
• "imisinga", efana nokuya esikhathini;
• ukugoba (ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukwazi) emilenzeni nasemisipha yobuso;
• ukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba ngendlela okwenzeka ngayo ngezikhathi ezithile amabala abomvu, kuthathwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwenxeba, ukuphulukisa okuhamba kancane kwezilonda, ukwakheka kwezimpawu zesikhunta - izilonda emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.

Ividiyo emayelana nezimbangela nokwelashwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic:

Izigaba zokuthuthuka

Ekuhambeni kwalesi sifo, kuhlukaniswa izigaba ezi-5 ukusuka esigabeni 0 kuye esigabeni IV.

Isigaba-0 - isigaba lapho umdlavuza ungazivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana sekuvele kuqalile futhi leli qiniso lisungulwa kuphela ngocwaningo olusondele (i-CT noma i-ultrasound of pancreas). Isitho esisetshenziswe kulesi sigaba sinikeza isiqinisekiso sama-99% sokuphinda uhlehle.

Isigaba I sinezigaba ezimbili: IA ne-IB.

Esigabeni se-IA, usayizi wesimila owenziwe ngaphakathi kwesitho awudluli ku-2 cm .Uzibonakalisa ngokukhethekile isicanucanu nesifo sohudo ngephutha ekudleni, bese kuthi kuphela uma kucindezelwa umsele ovulela ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.

Isigaba se-IB yisimila esidlula isentimitha engu-2 cm ngokuqhubeka okukhona ngaphakathi kwendlala. Izimpawu zinqunywa indawo yomdlavuza.

Uma kusekhanda yile:

• isifo sohudo
• isicanucanu
• jaundice
• Ubuhlungu bezikhathi ezithile nobungatholakali ku-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology emsileni noma emzimbeni we-gland kubonakaliswa yizimpawu ze-gastrinoma, insulinoma noma i-glucagonoma.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba II nakho ngezigaba A no-B kusho amandla okuthuthuka kwenqubo: A - lesi yisikhathi lapho isimila siqhuma ngaphandle kwe-gland (singene ezindungeni nase-duodenum), B - ukuqala kokuhlwanyelwa ngamaseli womdlavuza wamaseli we-lymph node asondele kakhulu. Ukwehla kwesisindo okubalulekile, ukugabha okukhulayo, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu obujwayelekile noma okukhulu kakhulu engxenyeni yesithathu engenhla yesisu kuyangezelelwa ezimpawu.

Isigaba III yisikhathi sokusakazeka kwe-neoplasm ngaphesheya kwemingcele ye-gland: esiswini, emathunjini amakhulu, emikhunjini emikhulu yama-proximal, ebanzi, kanye nama-lymph node okubaluleka kwesifunda.

Isigaba sokugcina IV yisigaba lapho ama-metastases afinyelela khona isimila ebuchosheni, ama-ovari, amathambo, nezinye izitho eziqambe amanga, singasasho amaphaphu nesibindi.

Izimpawu ezibonakala esiteji ziyavela:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli engxenyeni yesithathu engenhla yesisu ngama-shingles ashiwo;
• umuzwa wokuxineka ngenxa "yokulengiswa phansi" kwesibindi esandisiwe kakhulu nensipho endaweni emile;
• ukwanda kobuhlungu lapho uphenya lezi zitho zomzimba (ngokulandelana ku-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele);
• Izimpawu ze-ascites ziwukugcwala koketshezi esiswini.

Ukubukeka kwesiguli kubonakaliswa igama elithi "ukukhipha umdlavuza": isikhumba sesikhumba esinamabala acashile ngasikhathi sinye, isisu "esishisiwe", amehlo acwebezelayo nokukhombisa okukhulu kwe-zygomatic namanye amathambo wesikhumba sobuso, ukwanda okuphawuleka kokutholakala kalula kwama-lymph nodi, ukubuyiselwa kwengqondo ngezimpawu zokubonisa ukungakhathali noma ukwethuka kwengqondo.

Mayelana nama-metastasis wesibindi akhonjiswa yi:

• ukuphikiswa okungapheli kwe-sclera nesikhumba;
• ukopha kwezinsini nezitho zomlomo zomlomo;
• ukucwilisa umchamo nezindunduma (owokuqala - umbala wobhiya, owesibili - ubumba olumhlophe);
• ascites;
• iphunga elihlala njalo lokubola okuvela emlonyeni wesiguli.

Ukuba khona kwe: metastases yobuchopho

• indlela yokuziphatha enganele;
• izici zobuntu;
• ukuphazamiseka kokukhuluma (kuba ngamahloni) namazwi asemakhaleni;
• ama-asymmetries obuso;
• buthaka umbono, ukuhogela, ukunambitha;
• ukungahambi kahle kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana;
• ukuguqulwa okungathandeki kwezwi lemisipha yezingalo;
• ukulahleka kwamakhono okusebenza ekuqaleni, bese uqeda ukungakwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okulula kakhulu kokuzinakekela.

I-Lung metastasis yile:

• ukukhwehlela kokhwehlela "okuqinile";
• hemoptysis;
• ukuba khona komoya omfishane ngisho esimweni sokuphumula ngokuphelele.

Amathambo wethambo azibonakalisa njengobuhlungu obukhulu emathanjeni athintekile, akhuliswa yi-percussion emnene (isiteleka).

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa

Ukusungulwa kokuxilongwa kweqiniso kusizwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza nezindlela zocwaningo lwelebhu.

Eyokuqala ifaka:

• I-Ultrasound yesibeletho sesisu;
• I-Pancreatic MRI;
• I-CT yomzimba;
• ukubuyisa i-cholangiography ne-cholangiopancreatography (izifundo ze-endoscopic);
• I-PET (positron emission tomography);
• i-diagnostic laparoscopy.

Ukuxilongwa elabhorethri kuqukethe ekunqumeni izinga lamahomoni egazini:

• insulin;
• i-glucagon;
• gastrin.

Okuqukethwe ku:

• igazi - phosphatase ye-alkaline;
• igazi nomchamo - i-pancreatic amylase;
• i-kale - elastase pancreatic.

Kuphoqelekile ukuthi kubhekwe izinkomba zokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile komchamo, amasampula wesibindi kanye ne-coagulogram, izimpawu ezikhethekile ze-tumor (umaki u-CA 19-9 kuhlobene ne-pancreatic oncology), izicubu ze-biopsy.

Ukwelashwa okuqondene nesiteji

Ukuba khona kwesimila esiteji 0 kuvumela ukubonwa okucashile ngokugcotshwa okulandelayo kwe-gamma; esigabeni I, umphumela uncike ngosayizi nomsebenzi wokuhlasela umdlavuza kwizitho ezingomakhelwane, kanye nokuba khona kwe-metastases yokuqala. Ukwelashwa kwamacala athuthukile kudinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka kwenziwe nge:

• ukugcwala okuphelele kwesitho;
• resectional or distal resection;
• ukufakwa kwe-stent ye-endoscopic;
• ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric bypass;
• usebenzisa isu likaWhipple.

Uma umqondo wokuqala ungadingi ukucaciswa, khona-ke izindlela zesibili nezesithathu ziveza isimila kanye nomnyango lapho zenziwe khona, zilandelwa ukusatshiswa kwezingxenye zesobunxele.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bypass (uma kungenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza ungasebenzi) ukumiswa kwesisu, okwenza sikwazi ukumisa ukucindezela kwesimila, ngenkathi sikhipha umunyu - ukugwema ukuvaleka kwomuthi ngokufaka ishubhu elastiki ku-lumen yayo exhumana nesisu esincane noma ikhishwe futhi ivikeleke emzimbeni.

Indlela yeWhipple iyindlela yokukhipha i-neoplasm by block (kanye nekhanda lesikhumba esikuqukethe, ingxenye ethintekayo ye-duodenum, isisu kanye nenyongo yesigaxa), eyamukelekayo ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.

Izindlela zokusindisa (zokusindisa) zokuhlunyeleliswa kokuhlupheka kwesiguli zifaka i-excision yengxenye yesisu ebeka ingcindezi ezinhlakeni zezinzwa futhi iphazamise umsebenzi wezitho zomakhelwane noma i-metastases yayo.

Izindlela zokulungisa ezingaba khona:

• ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu noma ukuvinjwa kwama-ducts;
• amaphutha okugcotshwa kwamathumbu, isisu, udonga lwe-gland uqobo.

Isimo esisemqoka ukuvezwa okulandelayo kokugxila okuhambisana nemisebe ye-gamma ukucekela phansi amaseli athambile.

Umphumela we-chemotherapeutic esiswini ngemuva kokwelashwa okubandakanya ukucindezelwa kwenqubo yokuhlukaniswa nokukhula kwamaseli okwenziwe kabusha futhi kwenziwa ngendlela ye-monochemotherapy.

Le ndlela yokuqala ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esisodwa esinikeza umphumela ongu-15-30%, kanti owesibili (usebenzisa izidakamizwa eziningana ngomshini ohlukile wesenzo) ufinyelela kuma-40%.

Ukudla komdlavuza osebenzisa i-chemotherapy kunikeza ukwenqaba okuyisigaba sazo zonke izinhlobo zotshwala nemikhiqizo esindayo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo ye-lactic acid kuyadingeka. Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda isifiso sokuhlanza.

Kuphoqelekile ukulandela izincomo zochwepheshe wezengqondo noma udokotela wengqondo.

Ukwelashwa ngemisakazo kufaka izinkomba ezimbili. Ngaphezu kokufakelwa kwendabuko kwendabuko (ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlinzwa) noma ukugcwaliswa ngemisebe kokugxila okungenakufinyeleleka kokuwohloka, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokugoma sekuqalile, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezinemisebe ezithinta izindawo ezinobungozi.

Enye indlela ethembisayo yokwelapha isimila salesi sitho ngumgomo wokuthatha izakhi zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ngokukhethekile ezigulini (ukuvezwa emzimbeni wamaseli womdlavuza kuphela, ngaphandle kokulimaza abanempilo).

Isimo sezulu

Ngokuphathelene nomdlavuza wanoma iyiphi enye indawo, kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.

Lapho isimila sishiya isitho, isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-5 senzeka kuphela ezigulini ezingama-20 (kuncike ekwelashweni kakhulu), ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, lesi sikhathi singaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6.

Inkambo ye-chemotherapy yandisa impilo ngo-6-9, i-radiation therapy eyodwa (ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa) - ngezinyanga eziyi-11-13.

I-Radical surgeion Positive ivumela isiguli ukuthi siphile iminyaka engaba mibili, kepha isikhathi seminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 senzeka kuphela 8% weziguli ezisebenzayo.

Ngemuva kokungenelela okulindelekile, isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli singaphezu konyaka owodwa.

Imbangela esheshayo yokufa komdlavuza walokhu kumiswa ukuqala kokuhluleka kwezitho: izinso, i-hepatic, inhliziyo.

Ukuvimbela

Abazali kufanele baxwayise izingane kusukela ebuntwaneni, kuze kube yilapho ziqala ukujwayela ugwayi nemikhiqizo yotshwala, ngamathuba okuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic emzimbeni.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukumunca kwenhlanganisela enobuthi nganoma iyiphi indlela: ukuphefumula, ukujova, ukumunca ngokudla namanzi kungaholela ekuthini kungene ngaphakathi kwegazi, okuyodlula lapho kutholakala khona izicubu ze-pancreatic, kudale nomonakalo.

Enye indlela yokubangela ukonakala kwezicubu ze-glandular zonke izindlela zokuyiletha esimweni se-ischemia (indlala yomoya-mpilo esondweni lokopha). Izimo ezicindezelayo (zombili ezenziwa ngokungahleliwe futhi ezenziwa ngentshiseko ngendlela yemidlalo nokuzijabulisa okwedlulele) kuholela ku-ischemia.

Kufanele ugweme ukuhlanganiswa okungenangqondo kwemikhiqizo ebonakala kuzo zombili izitsha ngazinye nabahlinzeki be- "exotic".

Okokugcina, umbuso olinganiselayo wemisebenzi eyehlukene enesikhathi esanele sokuphumula kobusuku uyisidingo sempilo ende yomuntu ezintweni eziguqukayo ngokushesha zezwe lanamuhla.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokudlula kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha ngokusetshenziswa kwezincomo zomuthi - bazokwenza indlela eya empilweni ibe eqondile futhi ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.