Umqondo we-insulin, kanjani futhi lapho kukhiqizwa khona
Uma uzama ukuchaza imishwana embalwa, khona-ke
Ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, umzimba womuntu masinyane uzama ukucubungula isitashi noshukela oqukethwe kukudla, uziguqule ekubeni ushukela oludingekayo ngokwazo. Isebenza njengohlobo lwezakhi zomzimba, ngaphandle kwazo amaseli womzimba angasebenzi ngokujwayelekile.
Uma ngabe ufunda i-terminology yezokwelapha, khona-ke i-hormone enesimo se-peptide ibizwa nge-insulin. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali, asebenza njengezihluthulelo ezingavula “iminyango” yokusebenza komzimba. Ikakhulu i-insulin ngukhiye ovula indlela yokuthi i-glucose ingene kumaseli.
I-insulin ithinta i-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngenxa yalesi hormone, ama-carbohydrate afakwa ku-izicubu futhi i-glycogen yenziwa emisipheni nasezibindini.
Umsebenzi we-insulin
Ngaphezu kokuyisisekelo, okuqondakalayo nokubalulekile ezenzweni zesifo sikashukela, i-insulin yomzimba yenza omunye umsebenzi omningi. Mhlawumbe akucaci kangako kumuntu okude nemithi, kepha uma ubhekene nesifo sikashukela, kufanele uzame ukusiqonda.
- ivuselela ukwakheka kwamafutha acid ne-glycogen;
- ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glycerol, okwenzeka kungqimba lwamafutha;
- ivuselela ukumuncwa kwama-amino acid emisipha, okufaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwe-glycogen namaprotheni kuwo;
- kuvimbela ukwakheka kweglucose kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen ezitokisini zomzimba uqobo;
- kuvimbela ukubonakala kwemizimba ye-ketone;
- kuvimbela ukweqiwa kwezicubu ze-lipid;
- kuvimbela ukweqiwa kwamaprotheni emisipha.
I-insulin kumuntu ophile kahle nesiguli esinesifo sikashukela
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla amanyikwe omuntu onempilo ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhiqizwa inani elifanelekile le-insulin futhi asiwunaki ngokuphelele umsebenzi walesi sakhi esibalulekile. Isimo esihlukile senzeka lapho isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela kunokuntuleka kwe-hormone ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwamanyikwe.
Futhi lapha onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunokushoda okulinganiselwe kwe-insulin esetshenzisiwe. Ama-pancreas uqobo aqhubeka nokukhiqiza inani elidingekayo (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezu kwesidingo).
Kepha ebusweni beseli, inani lalezo zinhlaka ezifaka isandla ekuxhumaneni kwe-insulin neseli ukuvumela ushukela ukungena kulo kusuka egazini kuyehla noma kuvinjiwe. Ukuntuleka okubangelwa emazingeni kashukela we-cellular kubonakala ngokushesha kumanyikwe njengophawu lokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, ngoba lokhu akuholeli kumphumela oyifunayo, ngemuva kwesikhashana ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuqala ukuncipha ngokushesha.
Kuyini ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Kukhona ikhambi eliyinkimbinkimbi noma elihlanganisiwe lapho isiguli sihlanganisa i-insulin namathebulethi. Isibonelo, uphuza amaphilisi ekuseni futhi enze umjovo we-insulin kusihlwa. Inketho efanayo yokwelashwa yamukeleka kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, lapho umzimba une-insulin yayo, yize ingasenele futhi ukuxhaswa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka ngaphandle. Lapho kungekho-insulin uqobo, khona-ke amasu ahlukahlukene wokulashwa kwe-insulin anikezwa - umuthi ulawulwa ngokuqondile, nge-intramuscularly, ngokungahambi kahle.
Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngaphandle kwemithi? Thola manje!
Ngabe yini imbangela yesifo sikashukela? Ingabe kukhona ukuvimbela izifo?
Ngokwesiko, ama-insulin ama-insulin kanye nezibaya zesirinji kusetshenziselwa imijovo. Ipeni lesirinji enomkhono we-insulin, icala lepulasitiki, indlela ethile yokufaka i-piston kwimodi yokuzenzakalelayo, inaliti emkhombeni ophuma ngaphandle kwepeni, cap yeli peni necala, into efana neyahambisana nalo ipeni. Futhi, ipeni yesirinji ifakwe inkinobho yokuvala, indlela ekhethekile ebeka umthamo we-insulin elimalekile.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphambili Lo mkhiqizo kufanele uqashelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla we-insulin nge-syringe hhayi inqubo enzima kangaka yemijovo, njengasesilinganisweni sendabuko.
Izinaliti lapha zimfushane, yingakho kudingeka ukuzama ukwenza imijovo, ubeka isibambo sibekezela emzimbeni. Izinaliti mncane ngendlela emangalisayo, empeleni azibangeli buhlungu. Umkhiqizo ungathwalwa ngokukhululeka esikhwameni noma ephaketheni, kufanelekile ngokwanele kulabo abanombono ophansi - umthamo odingekayo unganqunywa ngenani lokuchofoza komshini.
Enye inketho yokusebenzisa i-hormone ipompo ye-insulin. Inikeza umuthi emzimbeni ngokuqhubekayo, okuyinzuzo yawo eyinhloko ngaphezulu kwenketho yomjovo. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okusetshenziselwa iPump kubhekwa njengenqubekela phambili kwindlela yokwelashwa, yize kunobunzima bayo obuthile.
