Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni olutholakalayo, isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Umuntu, noma ngosizo lezihlobo, angeke akwazi ukumelana nenkinga ngokuphelele futhi enze zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ngokulandelana okudingekayo.
Kungani ukulawula isifo sikashukela kudingekile?
Ukuqashwa kwabahlengikazi kanye nesimo akuyona usizo kuphela esigulini nasezihlotsheni zakhe, kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokuthola imininingwane yesayensi.
Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, umsebenzi wesayensi owenziwa ngendlela engokoqobo. Ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe isimo sesiguli ngamanani azinzile.
Umgomo oyinhloko wenqubo eqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yempilo eyamukelekayo ngokuxilongwa. Umuntu kufanele azizwe ekhululekile ngokuya ngesimo sakhe somzimba, ngokomoya nangokomzwelo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi inqubo yokuhlengisa ibhekele amanani amasiko esiguli lapho imhlinzeka ngenani lezinsizakalo ezidingekayo.
Usizo olusebenzayo kufanele lwenziwe kuphela nguchwepheshe owazi konke okucashile nokuvelela kwecala, ngoba, ngokwenza isethi yezinyathelo, umhlengikazi nesiguli sakhe bakha uhlelo lokungenelela oluzokwenziwa lapho kudingeka.
Imisebenzi yomhlengikazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenqubo yokulawulwa kwabahlengikazi nokulawula ifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesimo somuntu (ukuhlolwa), okuhlose ukukhomba izinkomba ezijwayelekile zezinkinga zempilo.
- Kusetshenziswa imithombo yolwazi, njengomlando wezokwelapha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kanye nengxoxo nomuntu nezihlobo zakhe, ukuthola isithombe esiphelele somtholampilo.
- Isixwayiso sesiguli nezihlobo mayelana nezici zobungozi - imikhuba emibi kanye noxinzelelo lwezinzwa.
- Isidingo sokuqopha yonke imininingwane etholakele njengomphumela wokuhlolwa kwesimo sokuqala ngefomu elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi "iphepha lokuhlola labahlengikazi".
- Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemininingwane etholakele ngesimo sempilo sesiguli.
- Ukudweba uhlelo lokunakekela olususelwa kokutholakele futhi kubonakale ubunzima noma izinkinga ezibekiwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwecebo lokunakekelwa kwangaphambilini.
Ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela kuyahluka futhi kuya ngohlobo olutholakele kumuntu:
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 noma esincike ku-insulin ku-75% yamacala kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Kulokhu, usizo olungaphansi lomzimba luyadingeka uma izifo ezingezekile zingekho, ukucabanga okuyinhloko kuhloswe ngqo ukubheka izinkomba ezithinta ukusebenza okufanele kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyatholakala kakhulu ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45. Kungakho ukulawula ngasesimweni somhlengikazi kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwekhono lomzimba lesiguli.
Ngesikhathi sokuqapha, isiguli siqashwa ukuze sihambisane nokwelashwa okunqunyelwe. Umhlengikazi kufanele aqaphe isisindo, ngoba ukukhuluphala kungenye yezinkinga abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanazo.
Bayalawula - imenyu, ukulinganisela kanye nesikhathi sokudla, umsebenzi wamanyikwe nazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi, isimo sengqondo nangokomzwelo, ngoba ukucindezela kuthinta kabi inqubo yokuphola.
Izigaba zokukhula kwalesi sifo
Ithebula lezigaba zesifo sikashukela:
| Isiteji | Isihloko | Isigaba nezici zesimo |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | Isifo sikashukela | Iqembu lengcuphe liqukethe abantu isifo esingabonakala kubo njengefa (ifa elisindayo). Kufaka nabesifazane abazala ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4,5 kg, kanye nabantu abatholakala benenkinga yokukhuluphala noma i-atherossteosis. Akunemikhawulo ekhethekile yokudla; ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kumele kuthathwe bese kugadwa ushukela wegazi (kusetshenziswa i-glucometer). Isimo sempilo sizinzile, akukho zinguquko emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi |
| 2 isigaba | Ishukela likashukela (latent) | Inkambo yalesi sifo iqhubeka ngokuthula ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawuliwe. Izinkomba ze-glucose zingaphakathi kwemingcele ejwayelekile (esiswini esingenalutho, izilinganiso zibonisa kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6.6 mmol / l). Izinkinga zikhonjwa ngokuthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. |
| 3 isigaba | Isifo sikashukela esibonakalayo | Umuntu unazo zonke izinkomba zesifo - ukoma, isifiso sokudla esishintshiwe, izinkinga ngesikhumba, izinguquko kwesisindo somzimba, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukukhathala. |
Ngokwesifo sikashukela esisobala, izinga likashukela egazini eliphezulu liyabonakala ngenkathi kufundwa izivivinyo ezithathiwe, kwesinye isikhathi ushukela nawo ukhona kumchamo.
Kulesi sigaba, kunezinkinga ezivelayo lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa noma ukuphambuka ekwelashweni elibekiwe:
- ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi;
- izinso ezingasebenzi kahle;
- ukungaboni kahle
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Izifo zomlenze nazo ziyaqashelwa, kuze kube okungenakwenzeka ukunyakaza okuzimele.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kweziguli
Njengoba ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezisezingeni eliphakeme kungubuchwepheshe obakhiwe kahle, obucacisiwe ngombono wezokwelapha nesayensi, imisebenzi ebalulekile:
- qinisekisa induduzo ephezulu;
- ukususwa kwesimo esingesihle;
- ukuvimbela izinkinga.
Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezihlose hhayi kuphela ekuqedeni izinkinga zamanje, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela ezintsha yizinhloso eziphambili ezibekelwe inqubo yobuhlengikazi.
Ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni nasezinhlosweni, kanye nedatha yokuhlolwa kanye nezikhalazo ezingenzeka ezivela esigulini noma ezihlotsheni zakhe, imephu eningilizayo yenqubo yokuhlengikazi yohlobo lwe-1 noma i-2 mellitus eqhubekayo kwesinye isigaba noma kwesinye iyahlanganiswa.
Wenziwa kanjani umsebenzi?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ofakiwe ekungeneleleni kwabahlengikazi abazimele uchungechunge lwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngokulandelana.
Umhlengikazi akagcini nje ngokugcwalisa ukuqokwa okuyisisekelo okwenziwe udokotela oholayo futhi kufakwa ohlelweni lokuphoqelela okuphoqelekile, kodwa futhi wenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngesimo sesiguli, esivumela ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwendlela ekhethiwe yokwelashwa noma izindlela zokuvimbela.
Imisebenzi yabasebenzi bezokwelapha abasebancane ifaka ukuhlanganisa isithombe somtholampilo sokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, ukukhomba ubunzima obunokwenzeka obuvela kumuntu, kanye nokuqoqa imininingwane ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala nokusebenza nomndeni wesiguli.
Okokuqala, udinga ukuqoqa idatha ngokususelwa kwinhlolokhono, ekuhlolweni nasekucwaningeni kwemibhalo, lapho-ke udinga ukuhlela imininingwane bese uzibekela imigomo esemqoka, okufanele ithuthukiswe kancane kancane. Zingaba mfushane noma zinde. Zonke izici zomsebenzi oluzayo nowamanje kufanele zibhalwe ngumhlengikazi futhi zifakwe emlandweni ngamunye wesifo somuntu.
Le nqubo isuselwa ekutheni yiziphi izinkinga ezahlonzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izingxoxo nesiguli nomndeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kwalokho umhlengikazi uqala ukwenza ngokuvumelana necebo elithuthukiswe nguye futhi athole imininingwane ngesiguli. Uthatha izintambo futhi unesibopho ngokuphelele sezenzo ezithathiwe, izibopho eziningi ezihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa kwesimo somuntu onesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqoqwa KoLwazi Lokuqala Lokuhlolwa
Kubandakanya izenzo ezilandelayo:
- Ingxoxo yomlomo nesiguli, lapho kudingekile khona ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukudla akudlayo, noma ngabe ulandela ukudla, noma ngabe kungakanani ukusebenza komzimba phakathi nosuku.
- Ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokwelashwa, okubonisa imithamo ye-insulin, igama nomthamo wezinye izidakamizwa, isheduli nesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Umbuzo mayelana nokulinganiselwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo, izivivinyo ezenziwa yi-endocrinologist.
- Ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sinayo i-glucometer nokuthi ngabe yona nomndeni wayo bayayazi indlela yokusebenzisa lolu cingo (esimweni sokuphendula okungalungile, umsebenzi ukufundisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani idivaysi edingekayo esimweni sempilo esinikeziwe).
- Ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sijwayele amatafula akhethekile - amayunithi esinkwa noma i-GI, ngabe uyazi ukuthi asetshenziswe kanjani, futhi enze nemenyu.
- Khuluma ngokuthi umuntu angasebenzisa isirinji ukuphatha i-insulin.
Futhi, ukuqoqwa kolwazi kufanele kumboze izihloko ezihlobene nezikhalazo zezempilo, izifo ezikhona. Ngasesigabeni esifanayo, isiguli siyahlolwa ukubona ukuthi umbala wesikhumba, umswakama waso kanye nokuba khona kwezihlahlana. Izilinganiso nazo zithathwa - isisindo somzimba, ingcindezi kanye nenhliziyo.
Ividiyo emayelana nesifo sikashukela nezimpawu zayo:
Sebenza nomndeni wesiguli
Njengoba kungewona umlando wezokwelapha kuphela, kepha futhi nesimo sengqondo somuntu sibalulekile ekwelashweni okuyimpumelelo, umsebenzi wenziwa futhi nomndeni wesiguli njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlengisa.
Umhlengikazi kudingeka ukuthi akhulume nomuntu onesifo sikashukela kanye nomndeni wakhe ngesidingo sokuyeka imikhuba emibi. Khombisa ukubaluleka kokudla, kanye nosizo ekuzilungiseleleni kwayo. Futhi kulesi sigaba kuyadingeka ukukholisa isiguli ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kuyadingeka ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo.
Ingxoxo kufanele ibanjelwe lapho izimbangela zesifo, ubunjalo bayo kanye nezinkinga ezikhona kungenzeka uma kungahambisani nezincomo zikadokotela.
Imininingwane yokwelashwa kwe-insulin inikezwa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi somsebenzi nomndeni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-insulin futhi ufundise ukulawula isimo sesikhumba. Kulesi sigaba, udinga ukufundisa ukuthi ungazisusa kanjani zonke izinkomba ezibalulekile.
Kuyadingeka ukukholisa isiguli ngesidingo sokuqapha njalo yi-endocrinologist. Ukumfundisa ukunakekela imilenze yakhe kahle futhi asuse ngokuzimela ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypoglycemia, kanye nokukala umfutho wegazi. Izincomo zifaka ukuvakasha kubo bonke odokotela nochwepheshe, ukulethwa kwezivivinyo ngesikhathi nokugcina idayari, okuzobonisa isimo esikhona njengamanje.
Izimo eziphuthumayo zesifo sikashukela
Kunemibandela eminingi ephuthumayo engenzeka uma umuntu etholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela mellitus:
- I-hypoglycemic coma.
- I-hyperglycemic coma.
Izimo ze-Hypoglycemic ziyingozi empilweni futhi zisongela impilo. Babonakaliswa yindlala enkulu, ukukhathala. Baphawulwa ukubukeka nokuqina kokuqhaqhazela, ukudideka kwemicabango nokwazi.
Isiyezi sikhona, ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kuvela, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ukhombisa ulaka. Ukuwela ekhefini kuhambisana nokuphelelwa amandla nokuzizwa. Usizo luqukethe ukuguqula umuntu ohlangothini olulodwa, kudingeka anikeze izingcezu ezi-2 zoshukela, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ushayele udokotela ngokushesha.
I-Hyperglycemia idalwa ukwephulwa kokudla, ukulimala noma ukucindezelwa. Kukhona ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukubonakala kwephunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni, isikhumba esomile, ukuphefumula okukhulu. Kuyadingeka ukubeka umuntu ohlangothini olulodwa, thatha umchamo nge-catheter ukuze uhlaziye, shayela udokotela.
Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokunakekela abahlengikazi iyinkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi nethembekile. Zenzelwe ukugcina impilo esebenzayo yesiguli kanye nokwenza ngcono izinkomba zezempilo.
