Abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlale belwa nenkinga yabo ukuze badambise inhlala-kahle yabo. Futhi ngesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifundo salesi sifo, udinga usizo lwangaphandle, ngoba isifo sikashukela simenza angakwazi ukuxhomekeka emithini eminingi. Kulokhu, ukwesekwa kombuso kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuthi ngabe ukukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela kunikezwa noma cha kuhlala kusebenza.
Yiziphi izinto ezithonya ukuqashelwa kokukhubazeka
Ngeshwa, ukuba khona kwesifo akuhlinzeki ngomyalo wokukhubazeka. Ukuze ikhomishani inqume ukuthi ungalunikeza iqembu iqembu lesifo sikashukela, kufanele kunikezwe izimpikiswano ezisindayo. Futhi ukuba khona kweshukela egazini ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi nezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezikhuliswe ngokumelene nalesi sizinda akuyona into ekhombisa ukwabiwa kokukhubazeka.
Lapho ubuzwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhubazekile noma cha, kunempendulo engemihle. Ngalesi, ezinye izimo ziyabhekwa.
Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela efanelekile kunoma yiliphi iqembu lokukhubazeka? Kubangelwa ubukhulu besifo, uhlobo lwayo nezifo ezihambisana nayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyacatshangelwa:
- uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela (2 noma 1) esitholakele noma esibuhlungu;
- amandla okubuyisa ushukela wegazi;
- ukutholwa kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngokumelene nesizinda salesi sifo;
- ukuvela kwezinye izifo ngaphansi kwethonya le-glycemia;
- Imikhawulo yempilo ejwayelekile (ukuthi kungenzeka ukunyakaza okuzimele, ukujwayeza imvelo, ukusebenza).
Indlela yenkambo yesifo nayo ibalulekile. Isifo sikashukela, kukhona:
- mnene - ngosizo lokudla, kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga le-glucose ejwayelekile kwisifo sikashukela, lokhu kuvame ukuba isigaba sokuqala, kumakwe isimo esanelisayo ngaphandle kokubonisa ubunzima;
- phakathi - ushukela wegazi udlula i-10 mmol / l, ukhona inani elikhulu umchamo, ukulimala kwamehlo ngokulimazeka okubukwayo kuyabonakala, ukusebenza kwezinso kukhubazekile, izifo ze-endocrine system, i-gangrene iyangezwa, umsebenzi wokusebenza ulinganiselwe, amandla okuzinakekela ayabonakala, isimo esivamile asibuthakathaka;
- kakhulu - ukudla nokudla izidakamizwa kuphumelela, izinga le-glucose liphezulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, kuvela izinkinga eziningi, kunengozi yesifo sikashukela, ukusakazeka kwezigilamkhuba, zonke izinhlelo zomzimba ezifikelwa izifo, ukukhubazeka okuphelele kuyaphawulwa.
Amaqembu akhubazekile ohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela
Ukuthi iqembu lokukhubazeka linikezwa yini uma kunesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kuya ngesilinganiso senkambo yaso, ubunzima kanye nomthelela wokusebenza okugcwele kwempilo. Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi yikuphi ukukhubazeka kweqembu okungatholakala ngokulandela isifo.
Iqembu lokuqala linikezwa izinhlobo ezikhulayo zesifo sikashukela. Izizathu zokuthola kwakho yilezi:
- I-hypo- ne-hyperglycemic coma enezimpawu ezihlala zivela;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngeziqu ze-III;
- isifo esingalapheki esinokulungiswa izinso nesibindi;
- ukungaboni kwamehlo womabili;
- i-encephalosis, ehambisana nokulimala kwengqondo, i-neuropathy, ukukhubazeka komzimba, i-ataxia;
- ukulimala kwezigameko ezigcwele;
- isifo sikashukela sikashukela.
Lokhu kubheka ukulahleka kokuma endaweni, ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela nokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Abantu abanaleli qembu badinga ukunakwa okukhethekile nokuqashwa njalo odokotela.
Ukuthola iqembu lesibili lokukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela kususelwe kwizibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- i-neuropathy esezingeni le-II nge-paresis enzima;
- ukulimala kwe-retina (II - III degree);
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nge-encephalosis;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso, i-nephrosis.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuncishiswa ngekhono elincane lokuhambisa, ukuzisebenzela nokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka.
Iqembu lesithathu linikezwa ngezigaba ezinoshukela omncane. Ukwephulwa okuncane kuyabonakala, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Amandla okuhamba acishe angaphazanyiswa, kunamathuba wokuziqapha ngokuzimele wenze imisebenzi ethile yomsebenzi. Izimo zaleli qembu lokukhubazeka zibandakanya nesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuthola umsebenzi ngabashukela abancane.
Inkomba enkulu yokwabiwa kweqembu labakhubazekile ukungakwazi nokuhluleka kwenkululeko ekunakekelweni kwabo.
Enganeni enesifo sikashukela i- mellitus ku-insulin, ngaphambi kokufika eminyakeni engu-18 ubudala, ukukhubazeka kuboniswa ngaphandle kweqembu. Ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni yobudala, kuzodingeka ukuthi enze ikhomishini enikezwe umsebenzi wokukhubazeka.
Okudingayo ukuthola ukukhubazeka
Ukukhubazeka ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nohlobo 1, kungatholakala ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- yiya ku-Therapist noma uye esibhedlela uyothola zonke izivivinyo lapho;
- kuhlolwe ngokuzimela;
- thola isitifiketi sokudluliselwa ekuhlolweni (i-ITU).
Odokotela, izivivinyo, izivivinyo
Ukuthi ukukhubazeka kufanelekile yini sikashukela kunqunywa yi-ITU. Isisekelo salokhu iziphetho odokotela abaziphasisile, imiphumela yokuhlaziya nokuhlolwa.
Ekuqaleni, lapho ngokuzimela udlulisa ikhomishini eqenjini, kufanele uvakashele umelaphi wendawo okhombisa isisusa sokukhubazeka. Kufanele anikeze inkomba yokuvakasha okuphoqelekile kudokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo, udokotela wentliziyo nabanye ochwepheshe ngokusezingeni lesifo sikashukela.
Isiguli sikashukela sibuye sithunyelwe ukuze siyohlolwa nokuhlolwa kwezifo zokuxilonga. Ukuthola iqembu kuzodingeka uhlole:
- Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo kwegazi nomchamo;
- ukudla okushukela noshukela usuku lonke;
- umchamo weshukela ne-acetone;
- glycohemoglobin;
- isivivinyo sokulayisha ushukela;
- isimo senhliziyo sisebenzisa i-electrocardiography;
- Umbono
- ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwezinzwa;
- ukuba khona kwezilonda kanye nama-pustule;
- uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso - umchamo eceleni kweRib, i-CBS, ukuhlolwa kwe-Zimnitsky, umchamo phakathi nosuku;
- umfutho wegazi
- isimo semithambo yegazi;
- isimo sobuchopho.
Imibhalo Edingekayo
Uhlu lwamadokhumenti adingekayo luhlanganisa:
- isitatimende esivela kumuntu odinga ukukhubazeka noma ummeleli wakhe osemthethweni;
- omazisi - ipasipoti, isitifiketi sokuzalwa;
- Ukuqondiswa kwe-ITU, eklanyelwe ngokuya ngemodeli - ifomu Namba 088 / у-0;
- ukukhipha ukuhlolwa okuvela esibhedlela lapho kwenzeke khona;
- ikhadi lokugibela lesiguli;
- iziphetho zochwepheshe zidlulile;
- imiphumela yokuhlolwa - izithombe, ukuhlaziya, i-ECG nokuningi;
- zabafundi - isimilo esihlanganiswe nguthisha;
- yabasebenzi - amakhophi wamakhasi asencwadini yokusebenza kanye nencazelo evela endaweni yomsebenzi;
- izisulu zengozi emsebenzini - isenzo sengozi ngesiphetho sochwepheshe, isiphetho sebhodi yezokwelapha;
- uma kungenzeka udlulisele ukukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe - idokhumenti eqinisekisa ubukhona bokukhubazeka, uhlelo lokuvuselela kabusha.
Lapho zonke izivivinyo seziphothuliwe nemibhalo iqoqwe, ukwabiwa kweqembu elidingekayo kunqunywa kususelwa kwimiphumela ye-ITU. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engavumelani nesiphetho sekhomishini, angaphonswa inselelo. Ekuqaleni, kuthunyelwa isitatimende sokungavumelani nesiphetho se-ITU. Kungakapheli inyanga, inqubo yokwabela abakhubazekile kumele yenziwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungaya enkantolo icala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuqulwa kwecala isinqumo asisafanele sikhishwe.
Izinzuzo zomthetho
Njengoba ubona, akuyena wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela onelungelo lokunikeza iqembu lokukhubazeka. Ukuze uthole usizo lombuso lwesifo esinjalo, umuntu kufanele afakazele umphumela obekiwe wesifo sikashukela emzimbeni kanye nokungenzeki kokuzimela ngokuzimele ngendlela yokuphila ejwayelekile. Abantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo ngokuvamile bazibuza ukuthi ngabe bayimpesheni yesifo sikashukela. Kepha izinkokhelo zempesheni zenziwa kuphela ekufikeni kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Uma kwenzeka ukugula, usizo lwezezimali lunikezwa kuphela lapho ekhona amaqembu akhubazekile.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela unelungelo elingokomthetho lokuthola imihlomulo yombuso. Kumahhala emakhemisi asebusweni, abanesifo sikashukela bangathola:
- insulin;
- isirinji yemijovo;
- ama-glucometer;
- imichilo yokuhlola yokuzihlola ushukela wegazi;
- izidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela.
Futhi, ngenhloso yokuvimbela, mahhala, izingane zesifo sikashukela zinikezwa ukuphumula ezikhungweni ze-sanatorium kanye ngonyaka.
Ukuthola ukukhubazeka ngesizathu esihle kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu onesifo sikashukela. Ukunikeza iqembu kuvumela umuntu onesifo sikashukela ukuthi athole usizo lwezezimali, aludinga ngempela, angakwazi ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhubazekile abanesifo sikashukela kumele bathunyelwe ukuze bavuseleleke. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo esivamile seswekile futhi kunwebe nempilo yakhe.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhubazeka, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphe ngokuzimela ubheke isimo sempilo yakho, ulandele ngokucophelela izincomo zabodokotela futhi ufune usizo ngesikhathi esifanele uma kwenzeka ungaphilile kahle.
