Isibonakaliso esisongelayo sokuqala kwesifo sikashukela ukwanda koshukela wegazi ngaphezulu kwamazinga amisiwe ngemuva kokudla. Kulokhu, udokotela angaxilonga i-prediabetes. Kulesi simo, iziguli zingasilawula isimo sazo ngaphandle kwemithi. Kepha kufanele bazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-prediabetes ezaziwayo nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okunqunywe ngokuya ngalolo hlelo.
Isimo sesimo
Ukuxilongwa kwe-prediabetes kusungulwa ezimweni lapho umzimba ungaphenduli kahle ekuhambeni kweglucose egazini. Lesi yisimo esilinganiselwe: i-endocrinologist namanje ayinasizathu sokuthola ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela, kepha isimo sempilo sesiguli siyakhathazeka.
Ukuthola lesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Ekuqaleni, isiguli sithatha igazi esiswini esingenalutho bese sibheka ukugcwala kweglucose. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose (GTT). Ngesikhathi salolu cwaningo, igazi lingathathwa amahlandla ama-2-3. Uthango lokuqala lwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, okwesibili ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ephuze isisombululo se-glucose: 75 g, ehlanjululwe ngo-300 ml koketshezi. Izingane zinikezwa i-1.75 g ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo.
Lapho ushesha, ushukela wegazi osheshayo akufanele ube ngaphezulu kuka-5.5 mmol / L. Izinga likashukela egazini likhuphukela ku-6 mmol / l nge-prediabetes. Lesi yisimo esivamile sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-capillary. Uma kwenziwa isampula yegazi le-venous, khona-ke ukugxilwa kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kuze kufinyelele ku-6.1, ngesimo somngcele, izinkomba zikububanzi be-6.1-7.0.
Ngesikhathi se-GTT, izinkomba zihlolwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ukuqoqwa kashukela okufika ku-7.8 kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile;
- izinga likashukela phakathi kuka-7.8 no-11.0 libonakala nge-prediabetes;
- okuqukethwe ushukela ngaphezulu kwe-11.0 - isifo sikashukela.
Odokotela abayikukhiphi ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi noma emibi emibi, ngakhoke, ukucacisa lokhu kutholwa, kungakuhle ukuthi bahlolwe kabili lokhu.
Iqembu lengozi
Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, amaRussia angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,5 anesifo sikashukela. Kepha ngokwemiphumela yokulawulwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwezifo, kwavezwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-8 banalesi sifo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziguli ezi-2/3 aziyi esibhedlela ukuyonakekelwa ngokwanele. Iningi labo alazi ngisho nangokuxilongwa kwabo.
Ngokusho kwezincomo ze-WHO, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ukugxila koshukela njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Lapho ufaka iqembu eliyingozi, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka. Ukutholwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwesimo se-prediabetesic, ukunquma ukwelashwa, ukulandela ukudla, ukwenza izivivinyo zokwelapha kukuvumela ukuthi usilawule lesi sifo.
Iqembu lengozi lifaka abantu abakhuluphele. Njengoba ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa isisindo ngo-10-15% ngokuthuthuka okubonakalayo kwesimo sempilo. Uma isiguli sinesisindo esikhulu ngokweqile, iBMI yaso ingaphezu kwama-30, khona-ke amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela akhuphuke kakhulu.
Iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele zinake isimo. Uma izinkomba zingaphezu kwe-140/90, khona-ke kufanele unikele njalo ngegazi ushukela. Futhi, iziguli ezinezihlobo ezihlushwa yile ndlela kufanele zilawule isimo sazo.
Lesi simo kufanele sibhekwe ngabesifazane okwatholakala kubo isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Amathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu zesifo
Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, uhola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala lapho-ke ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela iphakeme impela. Abantu abaningi abazinaki izimpawu ezibonakala, abazi nokuthi kufanele benzeni. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwenziwa minyaka yonke. Lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo zaselebhu, kuzokwazi ukubona izinkinga ezivelile.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zifaka phakathi ukubonakaliswa kwesifo okulandelayo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Kuvela izinkinga lapho kuba nokungasebenzi kahle kwenqubo yokugaya ushukela, ukuwohloka kwamanyikwe nokwehla komkhiqizo we-insulin.
- Ukubonakala kokoma okukhulu nokuchama kaningi. Ngokwanda ushukela, igazi liba likhulu, umzimba udinga u-fluid owengeziwe ukuwuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukoma, umuntu uphuza amanzi amaningi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uvame ukuya endlini encane.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungenasisekelo. Ezimweni zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin engasebenzi kahle, ushukela uqongelela egazini, akungeni amaseli wezicubu. Lokhu kuholela ekushoneni kwamandla nokuncipha kwesisindo.
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamehlo. Ngenxa yokuqina kwegazi, iqala ukudlula kubi ngemikhumbi emincane nama-capillaries. Lokhu kuphumela ekunikezelweni kwegazi okungesihle ezithweni: ngenxa yalokho, i-acuity ebonakalayo iyancipha, ukulunywa kuvela.
- Ukugoqeka kwemisipha. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi, inqubo yokufaka izakhi ezidingekayo ezicutshini iyaphazamiseka. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni imisipha.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ama-migraines. Nge-prediabetes, imikhumbi emincane ingalimala - lokhu kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela ikhanda, i-migraines iyakhula.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane azifani. Kepha hlola izinga likashukela liyanconywa ngokungeziwe kulabo abatholakala ukuthi bane-ovary polycystic.
Amaqhinga okusebenza
Uma ukuhlolwa kwembula ukwephulwa kokubekezelela i-glucose, khona-ke ukubonisana nge-endocrinologist kuyimpoqo. Uzokhuluma nge-prognosis yokwelashwa kwe-prediabetes futhi anikeze izincomo ezidingekayo. Ngokulalela izeluleko zikadokotela, unganciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
Imithi yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile ayinqunyelwe. Udokotela uzokutshela mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izindlela okufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology. Kwabaningi, kwanele ukuqala ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca umzimba futhi wenze umzimba ube nokudla okujwayelekile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi nokwenza umsebenzi wesistimu yegazi wenze ngokwejwayelekile.
Ucwaningo e-United States luye lwabonisa ukuthi ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila luyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela isifo sikashukela uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi ebekiwe. Udokotela, vele, angabeka ukwelashwa nge-metformin, kepha nge-prediabetes imiphumela emihle etholakala ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila. Ngokusho kokuhlola:
- ngokulungiswa kokudla okunempilo kanye nokukhuphuka kwemithwalo, obekuhambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo ngo-5-10%, amathuba okukhula kwesifo sikashukela ancishiswe ngama-58%;
- lapho uthatha imishanguzo, amathuba wesifo ancishiswa ngama-31%.
Kuzokwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo uma wehlise isisindo kancane. Ngisho nalabo asebafundile ukuthi kuyini i-prediabetes kunganciphisa ukumelana ne-tisulin insulin uma behlisa isisindo. Isisindo esithe xaxa silahleka, isimo esibonakalayo siyothuthuka.
Ukudla Kunconyiwe
Bonke abantu abatholwe ukuthi bane-prediabetes kufanele bafunde ngokudla okufanele. Ukuncoma kokuqala kwabezempilo kanye nama-endocrinologists ukunciphisa izingxenye. Kubalulekile futhi ukulahla i-carbohydrate esisheshayo: amakhekhe, amakhekhe, amakhukhi, ama-buns avinjelwe. Kulapho zingena emzimbeni lapho kuthi gxuma ushukela wegazi. Kepha i-carbohydrate metabolism isivele ikhubazekile, ngakho-ke i-glucose ayidluleli ezicutshini, kepha inqwabelana egazini.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ungelashwa kanjani i-prediabetes, udinga ukuthola uhlu lwemikhiqizo evunyelwe. Ungadla kakhulu, kepha kufanele ukhethe ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic kanye nenani elincane lamafutha. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqashelwe ukutholwa kwekhalori.
Bambelela kudokotela beluleke imigomo elandelayo:
- kungcono ukunikela ngokuthandwa kokudla okunamafutha amancane ngefreyimu eningi;
- Ukubala ama-calorie, ukugcizelela kuseqophelweni lokudla: amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kufanele angene emzimbeni;
- ukusetshenziswa kwenani lemifino, amakhowe, amakhambi;
- ukwehla kokudla kwamazambane, ilayisi emhlophe eshisiwe - ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesitashi;
- Ukudla okunempilo kutholakala uma imikhiqizo ibilisiwe, ibiwe, ibhakiwe;
- ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamanzi amsulwa, ukufakwa kweziphuzo ezimnandi zekhabhoni;
- ukwenqelwa kokudla okungafuneki.
Kepha kungcono ukuxhumana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist nodokotela oyondlayo ozokhuluma ngokuthi lesi sifo siyelashwa noma cha. Isazi sezempilo sizokusiza ukuthi udale ukudla komuntu ngamunye, kufaka phakathi izinketho zakho zokunambitha nendlela yokuphila.
Umsebenzi womzimba
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe-prediabetes etholakele kungumsebenzi owandisiwe. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngokuhlanganiswa nokudla kuzonikeza umphumela oyifunayo. Umsebenzi kufanele wenyuswe kancane kancane ukuze ungalayishi kakhulu umzimba. Kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukwanda okusesilinganisweni kwesilinganiso senhliziyo: khona-ke ukuzivocavoca umzimba kulungile.
Wonke umuntu angazikhethela uhlobo lomthwalo ngokuzimela, ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kungaba ukuhamba okusebenzayo, ukuhamba kwe-Nordic, ukugijimela, ithenisi, volleyball noma amakilasi esikhungweni sokuqina komzimba. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukufunda ekhaya. Odokotela bathi ukulayisha nsuku zonke imizuzu engama-30 kuzothuthukisa impilo. Kufanele kube nokusebenza okungenani okungu-5 ngeviki.
Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca nangemva kokuqeqeshwa, ushukela uba ngumthombo wamandla. Amathishu aqala ukumunca kangcono i-insulin, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuthola ushukela iyancishiswa.
Izindlela Ezingafani Zemithi
Ngokwesivumelwano nodokotela, isiguli esine-prediabetes singazama ukuguqula isimo saso ngosizo lwamakhambi abantu. Kepha lapho uzisebenzisa, ungakhohlwa ngezisekelo eziyisisekelo zokudla okufanele kanye nesidingo sokukhulisa umsebenzi.
Abaningi batusa ukudla i-buckwheat. Ukuze ulungiselele isidlo esinempilo, gaya izingcezwana ku-grinder yekhofi bese uthele i-kefir ubusuku ngamanani wezipuni ezi-2 kwindebe eyodwa ye-kefir. Phuza isiphuzo esilungiselelwe ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho.
Ungase futhi uphuze i-decoction yembewu yefilakisi: Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezigayiwe zithelwa ngamanzi bese zibilisiwe imizuzu emi-5 (isipuni sembewu echotshoziwe sithathwa engilazini). Ukuphuza kuyalulekwa esiswini esingenalutho ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.
Ungenza ukumfaka kwamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-currants nama-rhizomes e-elecampane. Ingxube ithululelwa ngamanzi abilayo (isipuni sanele ingilazi), iyaphola futhi idakiwe nsuku zonke ku-50 ml.
Isifo sikashukela kufanele siphathwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-endocrinologist. Uma isimo siba sibi, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa akunakubekelwa. Uma udokotela enquma amaphilisi, khona-ke kunesizathu salokhu.
Kodwa ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa akusona isithiyo ekudleni nasekuzivocavoca. Amathebulethi azokwandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kukashukela. Uma isimo singejwayelekile, umuthi ungashiywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
