Namuhla, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi sisifo esivame kakhulu esihlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Isizathu salokhu sisekuziphatheni kwendlela engafanele yokudla, ukungondleki kahle, ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingcoliswe imvelo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abantu abaningi abafuni ukuqapha impilo yabo, bahlehlise ukwelashwa isikhathi eside futhi bayenqaba ukuhambela umtholampilo. Lesi sifo, futhi, sinesici sokukhula ngokuthula.
Ngenxa yalokhu, baqala ukubhekisisa kakhulu i-pathology kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu ezisobala zalesi sifo, lapho udokotela evame ukuthola ukuthi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi sisematheni kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singazwakala yize usemncane. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, amadoda amadala anqunyelwe i-lipid metabolism.
Umgomo wokuqalwa kanye nokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo
I-atherosclerosis isakazekela ezindongeni zemithambo emikhulu yemithambo naphakathi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani elikhulu lekholesterol embi liqongelela. Kubandakanya ama-lipoprotein aphansi futhi aphansi kakhulu ayingozi emzimbeni.
Izimbangela ze-vasher atherosclerosis zingahluka, okuyinhloko okuwukuphulwa kwenqubo ye-lipid, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwendawo ye-arterial endothelium. Esigabeni sokuqala, izicubu zamaseli ziyaguquka futhi zikhule.
I-cholesterol eyingozi emfuleni wegazi ingena emithanjeni futhi ifakwa kumagobolondo angaphakathi emithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-atherosselotic plaque. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-non-stenotic atherossteosis.
- Ngemuva kokuqongelela izakhi ze-cholesterol eziyingozi, ama-plaque akhuphuka ngevolumu, adlulela ku-lumen yemikhumbi futhi abangele ukuncipha kwawo. I-atherosclerosis enjalo ye-stenotic ivame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutholwa kwe-cholesterol kuyatholakala futhi kubalwe, okubangela ukwakheka kwezigaba eziyingozi zegazi. Lesi simo sisongela ngokuphulwa okukhulu, ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola i-pathology ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ubone ukukhula kwe-atherosclerotic.
Zombili imithambo emikhulu nemaphakathi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba iyathinteka. Ukuze uzivikele, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngubani ohlaselwa i-atherosclerosis ngokuyinhloko.
Ngubani osengozini
Kunezimbangela okuthiwa yi-hemodynamic ze-atherossteosis. Okokuqala, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-arterial hypertension.
I-Angiospasm ebangelwa isifo se-hypertensive, uhlobo lwezinzwa, ukubhema isikhathi eside kungasibangela lesi sifo. Futhi, lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi iba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-vasomotor okubangelwa i-vegetovascular dystonia, i-migraine migraine, i-vertebral artery hypoplasia, i-osteochondrosis, namanye ama-pathologies.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela ye-metabolic ye-atherosclerosis kungenxa yezici ezithile.
- Isisulu sokuqothuka kwesibindi siba yisizathu esonakalisa umetabolism wamafutha. Izici ezinjalo zofuzo ziholela ku-cholesterol diathesis ne-xanthomatosis.
- Ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okunamafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate, ukukhuluphala kuyavela. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga le-cholesterol eyingozi egazini liyakhuphuka futhi ukugcwala kwama-lipids okuzuzisayo kuyancipha.
- Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi kwesinye isikhathi iholela ekunyukeni kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism.
- I-endocrine pathologies ngesimo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukungalingani kwama-hormone ocansi, ukungalingani kwe-thyroid, kufaka phakathi ukubangela i-atherossteosis.
- Kukhulisa kakhulu izinga le-cholesterol egazini uma isibindi nezinso zithinteka nge-nephrotic syndrome, i-hepatosis enamafutha, i-cholelithiasis kanye nezinye izifo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amadoda atheleka kakhulu kulesi sifo. Abesifazane kufanele baqaphele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye noshintsho lwamahomoni.
Iminyaka yokuguga ivame ukudala ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo ze-Atherosulinosis
Ngokuya ngokuthi isifo sakhiwe kuphi, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yenhliziyo (i-coronary sclerosis), i-aorta, imithambo yokubeletha, imithambo yezinso, i-aorta yesisu namagatsha ayo, imikhumbi yemikhawulo ephansi ihlukaniswa.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwalesi sifo luzenza luzizwe kuphela lapho luthuthuka ngenkuthalo futhi lubopha ukukhanya kwemithambo yegazi amahlandla amabili noma ngaphezulu. Esigabeni sokuqala, isiguli kungenzeka singasoli ngisho nokuba khona kwalesi sifo, ngoba izimpawu ezisobala kaningi azikho.
Izimpawu zincike ekutheni yimiphi imithambo ethile ethintekile. Uma kwenzeka isifo se-atherosclerosis se-aorta, umuntu ubhekana ne-hypertension yezimpawu zomzimba, ehambisana nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi entanjeni nasebuchosheni obuphakeme. Isiguli sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukucindezela kwe-systolic kuyakhuphuka, kuyilapho izinkomba ze-diastolic zijwayelekile noma zinciphile.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda buvela futhi buyisiyezi.
- Ukwehluleka kwenzeka kaningi, izandla ziba buthaka.
- Ngomonakalo esifundeni sesisu, ukuhanjiswa kwethambo emithanjeni yabesifazane kanye ne-popliteal kuya buthaka, umsebenzi wezinye izitho zangaphakathi uyaphazamiseka.
Uma lesi sifo singatholakali ngesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kungaqaliwe, kuqhamuka i-aneurysms ye-aortic.
Lapho ingxenye ekhuphukayo yemikhumbi yonakaliswa, kuvela esifubeni isikhathi eside futhi kuqaqambe esifubeni, okuthi kancane kancane kuphakama bese kubuna. Ukwehlulwa kwe-arch ye-aortic kuhambisana nokukhukhumala, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukuthunyelwa kwe-larynx. Uma isigaba esokwehla se-aorta sibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis, kubuhlungu izinhlungu emuva nange esifubeni.
Nge-aortic dispar, ubuhlungu obukhulu bubonakala endaweni yesifuba, isiguli asinawo umoya owenele. Lesi simo sibulala kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngesikhathi.
I-Atherosclerosis yemikhumbi ye-mesenteric ezimeni ifana kakhulu nesilonda se-peptic.
- Isisu sesiguli siyajuluka;
- I-peristalsis engekho noma eyenziwe buthaka kakhulu;
- Ngesikhathi se-palpation sesisu sangaphansi sobuhlungu bezinzwa ezivelayo;
- Udonga lwesisu lucindezelwe kancane;
- Ubuhlungu ngemuva kokudla buyezwakala.
Uma umuthi owenza ukugayeka okujwayelekile ungakusizi, futhi i-Nitroglycerin ikuvumela ukuba umise ngokushesha izinhlungu, udokotela uzokwazi ukuthola isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi esiswini. Kuyadingeka ukwelapha i-pathology ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwe-thrombosis kanye ne-intestinal gangrene.
Lapho kuthinteka imithambo yegazi, umuntu uba nokwanda okucindezelayo kwegazi. Uma i-thrombosis yenzeka, izinhlungu zivela emhlane ongemuva nesisu, futhi kutholakala nezimpawu ze-dyspepsia.
Ukwehlukanisa kwe-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi kuhambisana nokukhalipha ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubonakala kwamakhaza emilenzeni, i-paresthesia. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela angabona ukuvuvukala okubuthakathaka, isikhumba esicwebezelayo, isikhumba esenziwe somile nesomile, izilonda ezi-trophic emilenzeni, izithende noma iminwe. Nge-thrombosis, ukuqina kwesibindi kuyaqina, kuvalwe imithambo emilenzeni emilenzeni.
Endabeni yokuqalwa kokuqina kokuqina kwengqondo, kutholakala imithambo yokuqwasha, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwesistimu yezinzwa. Kulokhu, isiguli:
- Ukusebenza kuyancipha;
- Imemori nokunakwa kuya ngokuya kukhula;
- Yehlisa ubuhlakani;
- Ukulala kuyaphazamiseka;
- Kuvela isiyezi.
Imvamisa umuntu uphazanyiswa ikhanda, ushintsho olukhulu ku-psyche lungenzeka futhi. Ukuqunjelwa okufanayo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni yisifo sohlangothi.
Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga emithambo yegazi sihambisana nobuhlungu ku-sternum, ubuthakathaka nokukhathala. Ngesikhathi sokwanda, ukuphefumula okufushane kuyakhula bese ingalo yangakwesobunxele ibambe ongezansi. Kulokhu, umuntu uzwa ukwesaba ukufa, ukwazi kuba namafu noma kulahlekelwe ngokuphelele. Ngale ndlela yalesi sifo, i-myocardial infarction ivame ukukhula, egcwele ukufa.
Njengoba i-atherossteosis engapheli iyisifo esisehlelweni, imithambo ye-coronary ne-cerebral ivame ukuthinteka. Leli fomu libizwa ngokuthi yi-multifocal atherossteosis. Le yi-pathology eyingozi kakhulu, edinga indlela ehlanganisiwe yokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungahlanganiswa nokuhlinzwa, emva kwalokho kudinga ukulungiswa isikhathi eside.
Lesi sifo sihamba kanjani?
I-atherossteosis iyingozi ngoba ayibonakali isikhathi eside. Isikhathi se-preentin preclinical singahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi singakhombisi zimpawu.
Ukubona izinguquko ze-ischemic emithanjeni yegazi kulesi sigaba, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa elabhoratri. I-cholesterol ephakanyisiwe ne-triglycerides ingasayina ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, i-vasomotor kanye ne-metabolic kuqala ukuzibonakalisa. Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, i-electrocardiogram ingabhalisa ukwephulwa.
- Esigabeni sokuqala se-ischemic, imithambo yegazi inciphile, okuba imbangela yokungondleki kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinguquko zazo ze-dystrophic.
- Ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibili se-thrombonecrotic, kutholwa i-necrosis enkulu noma encane, evame ukuholela kwi-arterial thrombosis.
- Udokotela uhlonza isigaba sesithathu se-fibrous noma i-sclerotic uma amabala akha isibindi, izinso nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokuthuthuka, i-atherossteosis ingaba nesigaba esisebenzayo, esithuthukayo noma sokucindezela.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Njengoba i-atherosulinosis iqhubeka ngokungacabangi, lokhu kudambisa umzimba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungaletha “ukumangala” ngesimo sokuxakaniseka okungathí sina.
Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kubangela ukukhula kwesifo senhliziyo, i-myocardial infarction, ukuhlaselwa kwesikhashana kwe-ischemic, ingozi yengozi yokuwohloka komzimba, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mesenteric kanye ne-thrombosis.
Futhi, lesi sifo sivame ukuholela kwi-aneurysm ye-aortic, ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso, i-gangrene yamathumbu noma izitho ngokuvinjwa okubucayi kwemithambo yegazi. Ukuze ubone ukwephulwa ngesikhathi, kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala isifo sokuqina kwezinzwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lama-lipids atherogenic, triglycerides, ngenxa yokuthi ungalikhomba izinga lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo.
- Ukuze ufunde izitsha zekhanda, i-rheoencephalography yenziwa. I-Rheovasography ivumela ukutadisha kokuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yethambo.
- Indlela engabizi kakhulu, engenabuhlungu futhi efundisayo ibhekwa njenge-scan ultrasound.
- Ukuthola inqubo ye-atherosclerotic kanye nezinkinga zayo ngendlela ye-stenosis, i-aneurysm, i-thrombosis, unhlangothi, i-angiography yekhompyutha yenziwa.
- Ukuthola izimpawu zalesi sifo ekuqaleni konyaka, udokotela unquma ukuthi kudlula kanjani i-magnetic resonance angiography. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kudingekile ukuthola isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yekhanda nentamo.
Ukuze ukhethe kahle ukwelashwa futhi wenze i-nadnosis yokwelashwa, bakhononda ku-cardiologist, neurologist, nephrologist, angiosurgeon, kuya endaweni yomonakalo. Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-cholesterol egazini, ngoba lokhu kudliwayo okwelashwa okukhethekile ngaphandle kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate.
Esikhundleni sokudla okuthosiwe okunamafutha, inyama enamafutha amancane, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, imifino nezithelo kufanele kufakwe ekudleni. Kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela irejimeni, udle ukudla okuncane, kepha kaningi. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, inkomba ye-glycemic yemikhiqizo iyadingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kuyenziwa:
- Amavithamini
- Ama-antiplatelet agents;
- Ama-Angioprotectors;
- I-Nicotinic acid;
- Ama-antispasmodics nama-vasodilators;
- Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukondleka, ukugeleza kwegazi nokuthamba kwemizwa;
- Izidakamizwa ezipholisa;
- Ama-lipid-normalizing agents ngendlela yama-statins;
- I-biochemistry ibekelwa ukuthola ukutholakala komdlavuza.
Izifo ezenzeka nazo ziyelashwa. Ngokukhuluphala, udinga ukuqeda isisindo ngokweqile. Kubandakanya izivivinyo zomzimba zesiguli kumiselwe ukuthuthukisa isimo esijwayelekile kanye nokwenza umzimba ube ngokwajwayelekile.
Izindlela zabantu zokwelapha ziyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuvimbela nokwelashwa. Kepha ngaphambi kokuphatha ukwelashwa ekhaya, udinga ukubonana nodokotela wakho.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-atherossteosis yamathambo.
