Isifo sokuqina kwenhliziyo siyindlela yokuthinteka lapho kuthinteka khona imithambo yemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle ekunikezelweni kwegazi kuyi-myocardium.
I-atherossteosis yimbangela evame kakhulu yokufa. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sihlaselwa isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, njenge-complication ye-hyperglycemia engapheli.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kube okufika ngesikhathi, okuphelele futhi kube isikhathi eside. Kepha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, kufanele uzijwayeze izimbangela, izimpawu nezimpawu zaso lesi sifo.
Izizathu
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-atherosclerosis yenzeka, kufanele wazi inqubo yokuthuthuka kwayo. Ekuqaleni, imifantu encane ifakwa ezindongeni ze-vascular, lapho i-cholesterol eyingozi ingena negazi. Ama-lipoprotein we-density density ahlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, okuholela ekwandeni kwemithambo yemithambo ehlangene.
Ukuqongelwa kwe-triglycerides ezindongeni ze-vascular kusizwa ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene emzimbeni. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwe-lipid metabolism noma ukuhamba kwegazi okungekuhle.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunqwabelana kwamafutha ezitsheni kuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-atherosclerotic plaque. Ngakho-ke i-lumen esemithanjeni emincane imincane, ephetha ngokuvaleka kwabo okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.
Lokhu kuholela indlala komoya-mpilo kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. Futhi uma i-hypoxia engamahlalakhona yenzeka emithanjeni eholela enhliziyweni, khona-ke kuvela ischemic syndrome.
Ngakho-ke, imbangela ehamba phambili ye-atherosulinosis yenhliziyo yi-hypercholesterolemia. Kepha kunezinye izinto ezandisa ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo:
- i-arterial hypertension;
- isifo sikashukela i-mellitus namanye ama-endocrine pathologies;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal;
- izifo
- ukungondleki;
- isifo sesibindi
- isiphetho sofuzo;
- ukukhuluphala
- ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba;
- ukubhema
Futhi, isifo senhliziyo esise-atherosclerotic singakhula sibheke isizinda semvelo ephansi nokucindezela okungapheli. Izici ezicasulayo ezandisa ubungozi be-pathologies yesifo senhliziyo zibandakanya ubudala be-senile. Izazi ze-Gerontologists ziyaqiniseka ukuthi izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis ziyinkomba eqondile yokuthi isifo sokuwohloka komqondo senzekile.
I-genetics ithole ukuthi hhayi ukuthi umuntu mdala kuphela, kepha futhi nobulili, bandisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo. Ucwaningo oluningi luqinisekisile ukuthi i-pathology ivame ukwenzeka emadodeni.
Futhi kwabesifazane, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo inyuka kuphela emva kokuya esikhathini, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi kuncipha kakhulu.
Izigaba zokuthuthuka nezimpawu
Isifo senhliziyo nesithambo segazi sisuka ngezigaba. Kunezigaba ezi-3 zesifo.
Esigabeni sokuqala, kwakhiwa ibala le-lipid, ukubonakala kwalo kususelwa ekuwohlokeni kokuhamba kwegazi nokwenzeka kwama-microcracks ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Imidwebo evame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa emikhunjini yamagatsha.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, izindonga ezonakele zemithambo ziyakhululeka bese ziyavuvuka. Isikhathi sesigaba sincike ezicini zomzimba wesiguli. Thola i-atherosclerosis esigabeni sokuqala kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo lokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic.
Isigaba sesibili sokukhula kwesifo sibizwa nge-liposulinosis. Kubonakala ngokwanda kwezicubu ezithintekayo endaweni yokuqongelela kwe-LDL emthanjeni we-coronary artery.
Ama-atheromatous plaque nawo avela, ahlanganisa izicubu ze-lipid nezithobo. Ukuchithwa kwezindlela kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-lumen ye-vascular kanye ne-thrombrosis ejwayelekile.
Isigaba sesithathu se-atherossteosis senhliziyo sihambisana nokufakwa kukasawoti we-calcium ku-plaque, okwenza ukwakheka kube mnene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa esiteji sokugcina kunzima kunokuba kuhlinzwa kakhulu.
Isibonakaliso esihola phambili se-atherosclerosis Ubuhlungu besifuba, esifana nokuhlasela kwe-angina pectoris. Ukungajabuli okwenzeka njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuvame ukuzwakala endaweni yamaphethelo ehlombe, intamo nezingalo.
Ezinye iziguli ziqaphela ukuthi uphawu olubuhlungu lungaba ngokushesha, luvutha. Imvamisa yenziwa endaweni engakwesokunxele yomzimba futhi yenzeka ngemuva kwengcindezi noma umsebenzi womzimba.
Ezinye izimpawu ze-atherosulinosis zenhliziyo:
- inkumbulo ephazamisekile nokuhlushwa;
- izinyawo ziyabanda futhi zibe mhlophe ngombala;
- ubuthakathaka nokungaphatheki kahle;
- Isiyezi
- ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo;
- i-hyperhidrosis;
- ukuphefumula
- isicanucanu
- ukugwinya;
- i-atonicity yezicubu zobuso.
Ngesifo senhliziyo se-atherosclerotic, ezinye iziguli zikhononda ngokuvinjwa komsebenzi wobulili, ikhanda elibuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukukhuluma, chromate, ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo engezansi.
Futhi, iziguli eziningi zivame ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka okubangelwa ukwesaba ukufa.
Imiphumela
Isifo senhliziyo i-atherossteotic kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuhlanganiswa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ongaba nomthelela enkingeni ye-hypertensive. Lesi sakamuva sivame ukuphela nge-myocardial infarction, i-pulmonary edema, unhlangothi kanye ne-encephalopathy (necrosis yama-neurons ebuchosheni).
Cishe njalo, ngokumelene nesizinda se-atherosulinosis senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo noma ischemic corlerary kwenzeka. Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokufaka esikhundleni se-myocardium ngezicubu ezihlangene.
I-Aortic atherosclerosis kanye ne-hypertension kunomthelela ku-aneurysm. Imvamisa lokhu kugcina ngokuqhuma kwe-aorta.
Njengoba i-ABS ithuthuka, yehlisa amandla umsipha wenhliziyo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni:
- i-myocardiossteosis (ukuhlangana kwemithambo yenhliziyo e-coronary)
- arrhythmias (ukuphazamiseka ekunikelweni kwenhliziyo);
- angina pectoris (angina pectoris);
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (ukubola okungahambi kahle kwe-myocardial).
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-post-infarction cardiossteosis ingadala ukukhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo se-atherosclerotic sithinta hhayi inhliziyo kuphela, kodwa nezinye izitho nezinhlelo. Imvamisa lezi yizitsha zobuchopho namaphethelo aphansi.
Ngakho-ke, ngezilonda zezigaba zabesifazane-popliteal kanye ne-iliac yemithambo yemilenze, kuvela i-atherosranceosis. Futhi uma ama-plaque ehlangana emithanjeni ye-carotid, i-brachiocephalic atherosclerosis yenzeka, imvamisa kuholela ekushayweni kwengqondo ebuchosheni. Kepha umphumela oyingozi kakhulu we-atherossteosis ukufa ngokuzuma kwenhliziyo.
Imiphumela ebulalayo yenzeka ngenxa yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuqothulwa okuphelele komthambo ophakathi nendawo.
Ukuxilonga
Okokuqala, udokotela uqoqa umlando wezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthola izimbangela, izici ezinomthelela, izimpawu ze-pathology.
Udokotela wezinhliziyo futhi wenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwesiguli. Ukuba khona kwesifo senhliziyo esisematheni kungakhonjiswa ngokuphazamiseka kwe-trophic emaphethelweni, ukuvuvukala, ushintsho lwesisindo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okwenyukayo. Omunye udokotela angabona ukububula kwe-systolic ekubonakaleni kwe-aorta, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukuthola i-atherosclerosis yemithambo yenhliziyo, kwenziwa indawo yokuxilonga elebhu. Ikakhulu, kuyadingeka ukwenza iphrofayili ye-lipid enquma isilinganiso se-lipoproteins kanye nenani lama-triglycerides egazini.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthola isifo senhliziyo esise-atherosclerotic ukuxilongwa kwethambo, okubandakanya izinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi - kukhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo isabela kanjani ekusebenzeni ngokomzimba.
- I-Electrocardiography - iqopha izintshisekelo zikagesi, iveze ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi.
- I-Angiography - ngesikhathi sokufunda, umenzeli ohlukile ufakwa emithanjeni ye-coronary, evumela ukuthi wena ubone izindawo ezinciphisa futhi uvale.
- I-compact tomography - yenza i-X-ray yenhliziyo, ikhombisa isimo semithambo ye-coronary.
- I-Echocardiography - ikuvumela ukuba wenze isithombe senhliziyo ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound, okwenza sikwazi ukuhlola ukuzimela kwesitho.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nokuhlinzwa
Kulesi sifo senhliziyo esise-atherosclerotic esibangelwa yi-hypercholesterolemia, isisekelo sokwelashwa okulondoloziwe ngama-statins. Le mishanguzo ivimbela ukucashelwa kwama-enzymes e-hepatic abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol. Amakhambi adumile aleli qembu yiRosuvastatin ne-Atorvastatin.
Izithako ze-Nicotinic acid zibekelwe ukukhuthaza i-lipid metabolism. Futhi, ngama-atherosclerotic plaque asemithanjeni ye-coronary, kuyadingeka ukuthatha imicu eshabalalisa izakhiwo ezinamafutha ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ngisho ne-atherossteosis, i-ACE Inhibitors (Perindopril, Ramipril) noma i-beta-blockers (Losartan, Valsartan) zikhonjisiwe. Le mishanguzo isusa ukubonakaliswa komfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-arrhythmias futhi ivikele ukuqhubeka kwe-ABS.
Ezinye izidakamizwa ezibekelwe izifo zenhliziyo ze-atherosclerotic:
- Ama-antiplatelet agents (Aspirin, Ticagrelor) - vikela i-thrombosis.
- I-Nitroglycerin - ivuselela imithambo ye-coronary, ekhulisa ukulethwa kwegazi emisipha yenhliziyo.
- I-Diuretics (Torasemide, Furosemide) - khipha amanzi amaningi emzimbeni.
- Vitamin complexes - qinisa inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Uma kungekho mphumela olindelekile wokulashwa kwezidakamizwa, ezimweni eziphambili lapho ingozi yokufa inyuka, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa kwenziwa. Ngama-atherosclerotic plaque emithanjeni ye-coronary, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana zomsebenzi.
Indlela yokuqala i-coronary artery bypass grafting, ekuvumela ukuthi udale indlela eyengeziwe yokwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi. Icebo lesibili - i-intravascular stenting, lifaka ukufakelwa endaweni ethintekile ye-stent, ukwandisa i-lumen ye-vascular
Futhi, ngesifo se-atherosclerotic, i-balaton dilatation ingenziwa. Umnyombo wale nqubo ukuthi i-catheter ifakwa emthanjeni ngebhaluni elixhunywe kuwo, elikhula kancane kancane.
Uma i-balaton dilatation ingenzeki, i-laser angioplasty iyasetshenziswa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ubuyisela ukwakheka namandla okusebenza kwemikhumbi ethintekile esebenzisa i-laser.
Ukwelashwa kokudla nezindlela zabantu
Isici esihola phambili ekuqhakambisweni kwesifo i-atherosulinotic yi-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi. Imvamisa ukuqoqwa kwe-LDL emikhunjini kuholela ekungondleki kahle, kugcwele ukudla okulimazayo nokunamafutha. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kokudla okukhethekile kubhekwa njengesimo esibalulekile sokululama.
Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ulahle inyama enamafutha (ingulube, idada, iwundlu) ne-offal (ubuchopho, isibindi). Kufanele futhi ukhawulele ukudla usawoti, amaswidi, noma yimaphi amafutha emvelaphi yezilwane. Ukuvinjelwa kufaka amasoseji, inyama ebhemile, ukhukhamba, ukudla okusheshayo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela.
Nge-atherossteosis, abezempilo batusa ukuthi kungeniswe ukudla okuphansi kwe-cholesterol ekudleni kwansuku zonke:
- imifino (ukhukhamba, utamatisi, i-broccoli, i-zucchini, ama-beet, ama-radish, izaqathe);
- amakhowe (amakhowe e-oyster);
- izindle;
- izithelo (ukwatapheya, izithelo ezisawolintshi);
- inyama yokudla (inkukhu, iturkey, unogwaja, i-veal);
- amantongomane (ama-alimondi);
- uwoyela wemifino ongachazwanga;
- inhlanzi (i-herring engafakwanga, i-tuna, i-hake);
- okusanhlamvu okuphelele;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amancane.
Njengokwelashwa okulekelelayo kwe-ABS, ezinye izindlela zokupheka zingasetshenziswa. Ekuqiniseni jikelele kohlelo lwezinhliziyo, kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yezinyosi, izithelo ezomisiwe kanye namantongomane. Umphumela we-Sedative une-valerian, motherwort kanye ne-mint.
I-Calendula, ihhashi, i-eleutherococcus, i-blackcurrant izosiza ukuqeda i-arrhythmia. I-Lingonberry, i-clover, i-parsley, ne-hawthorn inomphumela wokugaya.
Umphumela oyinkimbinkimbi we-atherosclerosis yi-tincture kagalikhi, okhalweni we-rose noma amaqabunga e-plantain. Akusasebenzi kangako ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga e-sitrobheli kanye nenhlanganisela yezinyosi zikalamula.
Ungazihlanza kanjani izitsha zama-cholesterol plaque ezichazwe kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
