I-Arterial hypertension yisimo se-pathological lapho izinga lomfutho wegazi likhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-140 mm Hg. Ubuciko. Isiguli sinenkinga ekhanda kakhulu, isiyezi, isicanucanu. Ungaqeda lesi sifo sibonga ukwelashwa okukhethwe ngokukhethekile.
Izimbangela zomfutho wegazi ophakeme yilezi: isiphetho sofuzo, indlela yokuphila engajwayelekile, imilutha, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca, ukucindezela, izifo zezinso nesifo sikashukela. Ukwelashwa kwe-hypertension kuncike ekujuleni kobunzima nakuma-pathologies ahlobene.
Izimpawu zesifo
Kuyini umfutho wegazi ophakeme? Yiziphi izimpawu zakhe? Kuze kube manje lapho izingqinamba ze-arterial hypertension seziqalekile, azinikezi zimpawu ezithile. Okuwukuphela kwento yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo incishiswa ukwenzeka kwekhanda ebunzini, i-occiput, i-tinnitus, isiyezi.
Njengoba isimo siba sibi, kulimala izitho zomzimba okuqondayo. Kamuva, ubunzima phakathi kwengxoxo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha kuyaphawulwa. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kuba nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, i-cerebral hemorrhage.
Inhliziyo ibuye ibe nengcindezi ephezulu; ukubikezela ngekusasa kuvame ukungathandeki kakhulu. Isiguli sinokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isigqi se-ventricular siyaphazamiseka, isiguli singafa ngokushesha.
Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zokulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo zizoba:
- i-pulmonary edema;
- isifuba somoya
- ukuphefumula lapho wenza umsebenzi olula womzimba.
Kwezinye izimo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ubangela izinhlungu enhliziyweni, ukungakhululeki kuvakashela isiguli ngisho nasesimweni sokuphumula okuphelele, lapho esaphumula nje. Ukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu obuqine kakhulu kuzoba ukungakwazi ukubasusa ngokusebenzisa i-Nitroglycerin.
Kwesinye isifo sikashukela, lesi sifo sinikeza ukuphefumula komoya ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-pathological. Izimpawu zikhombisa ushintsho emisipha yenhliziyo, ukwakheka kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Kulokhu, imilenze ihlala ivuvukala, isizathu sihambisana nokugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Lapho umfutho wegazi ophakeme ubanga ukulimala kwezinso, ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kuzokhombisa ukulandela amaprotheni emchameni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kusikiselwa ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwe-renal. I-Hypertension kwesinye isikhathi iba nombono, isiguli sinenkinga yokuncipha kokuzwela okukhanyayo, sitholakala singaboni kahle noma siyimpumputhe ngokuphelele.
Uma kwenzeka kukhubazeka okubukwayo okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isiguli siyaphawula:
- amachashazi amnyama phambi kwamehlo;
- umgubuzelo;
- inkungu.
Izimpawu zihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi e-retina.
Isibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele se-hypertension yikhanda, kubangela ukungaphatheki kahle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ubuhlungu buqhuma, bugxile entanyeni, bese busakazeka ekhanda lonke.
Ikakhulu ikhanda elinzima ngesikhathi sokugoba, ukukhwehlela. Isimo se-pathological sihambisana nokuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo noma ubuso bonke. Ukwenza ngcono inhlala-kahle, kunconywa ukwenza i-massage, lokhu kuzodambisa ukudabuka futhi kuqede ukuvuvukala.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sekhanda, izicubu ezithambile zekhanda nama-tendon zingadonsa. Kubuhlungu emuva ngokweqile ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo. Ukungakhululeki kuyakha, kuyakha.
Isifo sikashukela esine-hypertension sivame ukuba nomuzwa wokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo.
Uma izinhlungu zingapheli isikhathi eside, isiguli siba nolaka ngokweqile, umuzwa wakhe wemisindo enokhahlo uyakhuphuka.
Isigaba Hypertension
Ngokuya ngokonakala kwezitho ezihlosiwe, kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa izigaba ezintathu ze-arterial hypertension: mnene, ulinganisele futhi unamandla.
Isigaba esithambile sibonakaliswa ukwanda okuncane kwengcindezi - ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-180/100 mm Hg. Ubuciko abuzinzile. Ekuphumuleni, isiguli esinezindlela zalesi sifo sizobona ukujwayela kwesimo.
Njengomthetho, abanesifo sikashukela abakhalazi ngokushintsha kwesimo, noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezithile zingahlukaniswa ngesigaba esincane somfutho we-arterial hypertension: i-tinnitus, ikhala, ukulala okungekuhle, kwehlile amandla engqondo.
Akukho zinguquko ku-cardiogram ezizotholwa, umsebenzi wezinso awuguquki, i-hypertrophy ye-ventricular yesobunxele ayibonwa.
Ngokuxilongwa kwesigaba esiphakathi somfutho wegazi ophezulu, umfutho wegazi ukhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu, ufinyelela ku-180/105. Isiguli sizobona ubunzima obuhlungu bekhanda, ukungakhululeki enhliziyweni.
Manje umuntu onesifo sikashukela uzoqala izingqinamba ezithile ezinomfutho wegazi, bese kuthi ukulimala kwesitho esiqondisiwe kuqale. Kukhona i-hypertrophy yesikhashana ye-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, ithoni yami ibuthakathaka lapho kuqaqamba kwenhliziyo, izimpawu ze-subendocardial ischemia ziyabonakala ku-electrocardiogram.
Ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kwenzeka ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa, imivimbo yokubeletha, ischemia yesikhashana. Udokotela uxilonga:
- ukuncipha kwama-arterioles;
- ukuthambisa imithambo;
- kuncishiswe ukucwilisa okwenziwe glomerular ezinso.
Lapho ukwelashwa kungenakwenziwa, lesi sifo sihamba esigabeni esibi, kubonakaliswa izinhlekelele ezivame ukuvela emithanjeni. Zivela ngenxa yokugxuma okukhulu kumfutho wegazi, ukuqhubekela phambili kokuqina kwe-atherosclerosis yemithambo yegazi.
Isiguli asikwazi ukuvele sinciphise ukucindezela kwaso, sifinyelela inkomba ye-230/20 mm RT. Ubuciko. Umuntu wembula i-angina pectoris, arrhythmia, ukuhamba kwegazi okunganele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo. I-hemorrhagic kanye ne-ischemic ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwenzeka engqondweni, futhi ukuphuma kwegazi ezinso kuphansi.
Ku-diabetes, i-labile arterial hypertension ingatholakala, lapho ingcindezi kuphela ikhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile, ifika kokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukala umfutho wegazi njalo.
Izici ezibalulekile zobungozi
Namuhla, ubukhulu be-hypertension ngqo kuya ngembangela yesifo. Ingozi ilele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga ezivela enhliziyweni nemithambo yegazi. Kuyisiko ukukhipha izinto ezinobungozi ezingenza isibikezelo sekusasa.
Ubudala (kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala), ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, cholesterol ephezulu, ifa elibi. Futhi, ukukhuluphala, ukungasebenzi, futhi, vele, uthayiphe 1 kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela aba izingozi. I-Hypotension kulesi sigaba seziguli ayitholakali ukuthi itholakala kuphi.
Ezinye izinto zingalungiswa, kanti ezinye azikwazi ukuqedwa. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, imikhuba emibi, ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba. Iqembu lesibili lifaka ifa lokuzalwa, ubudala besiguli, umlando wezokwelapha nohlanga.
Ngokusekelwe kwizinga le-hypertension kanye nezinto zobungozi, udokotela angabikezela ukwakheka kwezinkinga eziyingozi, ngokwesibonelo, unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
Uma izinga lalesi sifo lilingene, eminyakeni elishumi ezayo amathuba okuthi i-pathologies yesifo senhliziyo incane. Ngokulashwa okungezona izidakamizwa nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, i-hypertension emnene ingaqedwa kalula. Kumfutho ophakeme kakhulu kuno-140/90 mm Hg. Ubuciko. Ungenzi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amaphilisi athathwa njalo.
Nge degree eliphakathi, ubungozi bezinkinga nge-hypertension bufinyelela ku-20%. Ukwelashwa kunconyelwa okufanayo, njengakwamnene. Kepha manje udinga ukulawula amandla esifo ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kuzodingeka ukuthi wenze ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa uma:
- ukuthola imiphumela emibi;
- ukugcina ingcindezi ephezulu isikhathi eside;
- ukonakala kwesithombe sonke sesi sifo.
Izici ezinobungozi obukhulu zihambisana nokuvela kokuqala kwezinkinga ngaphakathi kwama-30%. Ngalesi sithombe, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kuzodingeka ukuthi ahlonzwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni, asebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa. Ngengozi enkulu kakhulu yezinkinga, kunconywa ukuxilongwa okuxakile nemithi okwelashwa okuphuthumayo kakhulu.
Njengokuxilongwa, kuhlaziywa isikhombiso sikashukela wegazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, i-electrocardiogram, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kwezinso, izidlala ze-adrenal, isifundo sezinga le-urea, i-creatinine. Ungenzi ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwama-hormone egilo, i-magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
Bakuqedela ukuxilongwa ngokubonana nodokotela oyi-neurologist, kufanele anikeze nezincomo zakhe.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela. Wenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina, ngaphezu kwalokho uncoma ukubheka umsebenzi we-izicubu zenhliziyo, izinso kanye ne-fundus. Ngemuva kwalokho baqhubeka nemiyalelo ebekiwe. Uma kutholakala ukuthi kuthathwe umfutho wegazi ophambili okokuqala, kungakuhle ukuthi esibhedlela sikashukela senze izifundo ezidingekayo, ukukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele.
Qala ngezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa. Lokhu kufaka ukuyeka ugwayi wokubhema, ushintsho olunjalo luzoba ukuvikela okuhle kwezinkinga zenhliziyo nezinye izifo.
Kubalulekile ukuguqula umzimba ngokwejwayelekile, ngoba isisindo ngokweqile iba imbangela yomfutho wegazi ophezulu kwisifo sikashukela. Uzodinga ukulandela ukudla okulinganiselayo okuvela kumfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukondliwa okufanele kuthinta umzimba kahle, akuvumeli i-myocardium ukuba ne-hypertrophy, isifo sikashukela siba sibi.
Isilinganiso esidingekayo isithiyo sokudliwa kwe-sodium, uzodinga ukunciphisa i-sodium chloride ukuya ku-4,5 g ngosuku. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ingcindezi ephezulu ngamaphoyinti angama-4-6. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokuphuza utshwala.
Namathela ekudleni okukhethekile - lokhu kusho ukuthi kufakwa ekudleni kokudla okunenqwaba ye-potassium:
- izithelo
- imifino
- ukudla kwasolwandle.
Ukudla kubeka umkhawulo emafutheni ezilwane. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha yindlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ukuhamba isigamu sehora kusiza kakhulu, futhi imithwalo ye-isometric, kunalokho, ivusa ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi.
Uzodinga ukusebenzisa umuthi. Ukwelashwa kuqala ngemithamo emincane yezidakamizwa, uma ungekho umphumela wokwelapha, kuyadingeka ukubuyisa amaphilisi nge-analogues. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside kuvame ukukhonjiswa, kuthathwa kanye ngosuku. Izindlela zokwelapha ezithandwa kakhulu yizidakamizwa:
- I-Amlodipine;
- ITorvacard
- I-Britomar.
Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlangene. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kufanele kube okuhlala njalo, ukusetshenziswa kwesicelo akuvumelekile. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lomfutho wegazi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise umthamo wemithi uma kunesidingo.
Ngokubambisana nomuthi, odokotela batusa ukwenza izindlela zokupheka zemithi yendabuko. Sebenzisa amakhambi okwelapha, okunye ukudla.
Uma ingcindezi inyuka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kuvunyelwe ithuba lokusebenzisa izitshalo kuvunyelwe nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane.
I-Hypertension Prevention
Ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kwisifo sikashukela, odokotela balulekisa ukugcina isisindo esijwayelekile, ukuzivocavoca emoyeni omusha, nokulandela ukudla okunamafutha amancane nosawoti omncane. Ukulalelisisa ikakhulukazi kufanele kube yilezo ziguli ezinezihlobo zazo ezivele zinegazi.
Nge-hypertension ekhona, ukuvimba kuhloselwe ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwezifo ezihambisanayo kanye nezinkinga. Ukuvimbela okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi kwesibili.
Ngalesi sifo, isiguli singaphila impilo ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuhlushwa izimpawu ezibuhlungu zesifo. Isisekelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuzoba ukuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi. Ngalesi sizathu, awudingi ukuqala lesi sifo, vakashela udokotela ngesikhathi.
Ungayelapha kanjani i-hypertension izotshela uchwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
