I-Atherossteosis yisifo sohlelo lwe-vascular system, oluboniswa inkambo engapheli futhi ethuthukayo, yenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo iqukethe ukwakheka kwamathafa e-atherosulinotic emthanjeni wemithambo, ukuvalwa kwe-lumen yemikhumbi kanye nokwephulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi kwizitho nezicubu ezithambile.
Lesi sifo sivame ukuhlanganiswa namanye ama-pathologies, njenge-angina pectoris, uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela mellitus, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo se-metabolic kanye nokukhuluphala.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-prognosis lapho ingekho ukwelashwa okwanele ayimpofu ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjenge-hemorrhagic noma i-ischemic stroke, i-myocardial infarction, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okwesikhashana kanye ne-gangrene ephansi yomzimba.
Izici zobungozi zokuthuthukisa isifo sokuqina kwemizwa:
- I-hypercholesterolemia yesikhathi eside ngenxa yokwephulwa kokudla, ukuthambekela komndeni e-dyslipidemia, ukukhuluphala, isifo se-metabolic, izifo ze-endocrine (hypothyroidism, isifo se-Itsenko-Cushing, isifo sikashukela mellitus).
- Ukulimala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yamakherishi amakhulu naphakathi - ngenxa yezimbangela ze-hemodynamic (umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezindaweni zokugcwala kwemithambo yegazi), ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukubhema, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuthambekela kwe-thrombosis ne-thromboembolism.
Kungenzeka yini ukugwema ukuvela kwe-atherosclerosis kanye nesifo senhliziyo esenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kotshwala njalo?
Kunombono wokuthi abantu abaphuza njalo utshwala banemikhumbi ngaphandle kwama-atherosulinotic plaque.
Imvamisa, isitatimende esinjalo sinokuzwakala kusuka ku-pathologists.
Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu kungumbono we-subjential kuphela, owakhiwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
Abantu abaphuza inani elikhulu lotshwala banobungozi bokufa okuvela kwezinye izifo ngisho nangaphambi kokukhula kwezinguquko zemithambo ye-atherosselotic.
Ukuntuleka kwamathafa esifundweni sesigaba nakho kuthinteka ngokungondleki kanye nokuncipha kokufakwa kwamaprotheni namafutha kwizidakwa.
I-Alcohol empeleni inamandla okuqothula amafutha kuze kufike ezingeni elithile, ngoba ngemvelo yayo yamakhemikhali i-ethyl utshwala yinto esetshenziswayo encibilikisa amakhompiyutha anamanzi nangamafutha.
Imiphumela Yokusebenzisa Kakhulu Utshwala
Ukudakwa kotshwala obuningi obungathinta ama-atherosselotic plaque kanye ne-rheology yegazi kungaholela ekuholeni i-alcoholic nakwezinye izifo ezihambisana nakho - i-cardiomyopathy yotshwala, i-encephalopathy nesifo sesibindi esinezidakamizwa.
Futhi, inani lotshwala ngokweqile lithinta isilinganiso sezingxenyana ze-cholesterol - kunciphisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-lipoproteins (anti-atherogenic) futhi kunyusa ama-lipoprotein aphansi futhi aphansi kakhulu, i-triglycerides.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemimoya, ukwephulwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, kufaka phakathi amafutha, kuqubuka, okuholela ekusatshalalisweni okungalingani kwe-fiber, kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezifana nesibindi esinamafutha kanye nenhliziyo enamafutha.
I-Vitamin metabolism nayo iyaphazamiseka, okungukuthi, amavithamini e-B, athinta amakhono okuqonda, ukuhanjiswa kwezinzwa kanye nokusebenza kwendlela yomgudu wesisu.
Utshwala buthinta udonga lwemithambo yegazi ngokulandelayo - ekuqaleni luyabandisa kakhulu, bese lubuna.
Lo mphumela uthinta kabi imithambo yethambo ethinteka yi-atherossteosis futhi kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwamachaphaza kanye nokwephulwa okukhulu kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Umphumela wemithamo emikhulu yemimoya kuma-lipids egazi nawo ungahlanganiswa nesiko lomkhosi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla okugcwele i-cholesterol njengokudla okulula kotshwala.
Umphumela wotshwala lapho uphuza imithamo emincane
Ngokusebenzisa okulinganiselayo, impela i-atherossteosis notshwala ziyahambelana, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izifundo zobudokotela mayelana nezinzuzo zemithamo emincane yotshwala.
Izingxenye ezinjalo eziwusizo ziyaqashelwa - ubhiya - amalitha angu-0,33, iwayini - milliliters ayi-150, i-vodka noma i-cognac - ama-milliliters angama-50 lilinye.
Yilezi zidakamizwa ezithathwa njengezelaphayo, futhi zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo zezifo zenhliziyo.
Sekufakazelwe ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile kunciphisa ingozi yokufa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, i-thrombosis kanye ne-thromboembolism.
Ukuphuza i-servings engu-1-2 kunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuxazululwe.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa ngokulingana kuthinta inani le-fibrin ne-fibrinogen ku-plasma yegazi, futhi kukhuphula inani le-profibrinolysin, i-enzyme eqeda ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi, ngokulandelana, inciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi ne-emboli emithanjeni yegazi.
Imithamo emincane yeziphuzo ezinje, njenge wayini, iqukethe, ngaphezu kwe-ethyl alcohol, i-antioxidants (i-resveratrol nezinye), ezithinta kahle zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism emzimbeni, futhi ivikele nokuthi i-restenosis - ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwepatency patent emithanjeni yemithambo yegazi.
Izifundo zobudokotela zikhombisile ukuthi abesifazane abaphuza iwayini ngokulinganisela banomkhuba ophansi wokuthola isisindo somzimba ngokweqile kunalabo abangabuphuzi nakancane utshwala. Kuleminyaka eyi-10 yocwaningo, iqembu lokuqala lathola isilinganiso samakhilogremu amabili ngaphansi kwalawo angenawayini.
Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuphambaniswe ngokuphelele ku:
- Ngokuphulwa kwesibindi, njenge-viral, amakhemikhali kanye ne-hepatitis enobuthi, i-cirrhosis.
- Ngama-pathologies wepheshana lesisu - isilonda se-peptic sesisu noma i-duodenum ne-ulcerative colitis.
- Izifo ze-pancreatic - i-pancreatitis ebukhali futhi engamahlalakhona, i-pancreatic necrosis.
- Izifo ze-Allergic - i-asthma ye-bronchial kanye nomlando we-edema kaQuincke.
- Izinkinga ezedlule zesifo se-ischemic - infarction ye-myocardial kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nezifo zobuchopho ze-organic ezifana nesithuthwane ne-meningitis.
- Izinqubo ze-Oncological zanoma yikuphi ukwenziwa kwasendaweni.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme olimele nezinye izitho zomzimba.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho kwangaphambilini okulimazayo.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukuphuza utshwala obunotshwala ezihlotsheni eziseduze, ukudakwa ngokushesha okuvela kumithamo emincane kanye nokukhubazeka kwememori ngemuva kwedili.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi utshwala abuyona ithuluzi elizimele ekuvimbeleni noma ekwelashweni kwanoma yisiphi isifo, futhi alikwazi ukuthatha indawo ngemithi.
Isiko lokuphuza utshwala nalo libalulekile - ungaphuza kuphela ngokudla, esiswini esingenalutho, noma umthamo omncane ungavusa ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kolwelwesi lwama-mucous, futhi ngokuzayo kuholele esilonda se-peptic.
Kunconywa ukuphuza utshwala ngokudla kwakusihlwa noma amahora amabili ngaphambi kwawo.
Njengomsoco, udinga ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amancane, njengamasaladi wemifino, izinkukhu, ushizi onamafutha amancane, izithelo.
Lapho usebenzisa umuthi othize, utshwala bunqatshelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ekwelashweni kwe-hypertension nge-beta-blockers kanye nama-diuretics, lapho uthatha inkambo yokwelapha nge-antibacterial kanye nasekwelashweni kwemithi engeyona eye-anti -idalidal anti-inflammatory (Aspirin).
Kuyenqatshelwe futhi ukuhlanganisa antidepressants kanye notshwala, lokhu kungaholela ekuqhubekeni kwesifo.
Ukudla nokuzivocavoca ekwelapheni i-atherosulinosis
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis kuyinhlanganisela yezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa - kuguqula indlela yokuphila, ukudla, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi, imithi.
Uma kunesidingo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa inqubo yokwelapha i-pathology.
Ukudla kwe-atherosclerosis yi-hypocaloric, hypolipidemic, futhi kuhloswe ngayo ukufakwa kancane kancane kwemikhiqizo yezilwane.
Le mikhiqizo ifaka:
- ingulube
- iwundlu nezinye izidlo ezinamafutha;
- icala;
- amanoni;
- amaqanda enkukhu.
Ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe nokudla okusheshayo kuthathelwa indawo ukudla kobisi nemifino.
Ukudla kufanele kufake ukudla okune-fiber-rich amaningi. Lokhu kudla kufaka amasaladi; iklabishi; imifino; okusanhlamvu nemidumba; isinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu; ummbila
Imithombo yamafutha angenampilo enempilo (inhlanzi, amafutha omifino, ukwatapheya, imbewu namantongomane) namaprotheni (amaqanda amaqanda amhlophe, izinkukhu, i-veal enamafutha amancane, inyama yenkomo, imikhiqizo yobisi) kufanele ingeniswe ekudleni.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-1.5 - 2 amalitha amanzi asekhona ngosuku, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kweti kanye nekhofi, ususe ngokuphelele amanzi anekhabhoni, iziphuzo zamandla.
Iqhaza elibalulekile ekwelapheni i-atherosclerosis ngumzimba womzimba, ukuqala okungenani. Umkhuba Onconyiwe:
- ehamba
- i-aerobics
- egijima
- ukufudumala;
- izivivinyo zokuzivocavoca umzimba;
- amakilasi ejimini;
- ukubhukuda.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi udinga ukuqala ukuzivocavoca kancane, ukuqapha impilo yakho, ukushaya ngamandla kanye nomfutho wegazi.
Kuyelulekwa ukwandisa inani lemithwalo kuphela ngokubekezelela okujwayelekile kanye nokungabikho kokuphulwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
Uma kungekho imiphumela emihle evela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithwalo yokudla nemidlalo, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukwelapha usebenzisa umuthi, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zamaqembu ahlukahlukene emithi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kufanele kuhambisane nokuhambisana nokudla okusunguliwe nemithwalo yezemidlalo yomzimba.
Imithi ifaka phakathi:
- Izidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-hypolipidemic wama-statins (Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin);
- I-Niacin, i-fibrate (i-Fenofibrate, i-Bezafibrat, i-Tsiprofibrat), i-phenucol, ama-sequestriers ama-bile acid.
- Ama-antiplatelet agents - Acetylsalicylic acid, Magnikor, Asparkam, Cardiomagnyl, Plavix, Clopidogrel.
- Ukulungiselela ngesenzo se-anticoagulant - Heparin, Enoxiparin.
- Izidakamizwa zeVasoactive - iVazoprostan, i-Cilostazol.
- Izidakamizwa ze-Antispasmodic (i-No-shpa, iDrotaverin, iPapaverine, iRiabal).
- Ukulungiswa kwamavithamini (amavithamini C, iqembu B, ascorutin), ukwelapha okuyi-sedative and sedative (Afobazol, Glycine, Valocordin, Donormil), izidakamizwa ze-nootropic (Aminalon, Nootropil, Bilobil, Phenotropil).
- Ukwelashwa kwendawo yezinkinga ze-atherosclerosis (i-antibacterial ointments), umuthi wamakhambi.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukwelapha izifo ezihlangene.
Ukwelashwa kwe-angina pectoris, ama-nitrate asetshenziswa ukumisa ukuhlaselwa kobuhlungu, ama-antiplatelet agents kanye nama-anticoagulants.
I-Hypertension ilashwa kusetshenziswa i-ACE inhibitors, abamelene ne-calcium, ama-beta blockers, ama-diuretics nama-angiotensin receptor antagonists.
I-Therapy yesifo sikashukela isetshenziswa ngezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zomlomo, ngokwesibonelo iMetformin.
Abamelene neCalcium nabo bathinta kahle ithoni ye-vascular bese bandisa, ikhulisa ukuhamba kwegazi kuya ezithweni.
Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwe-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi eqoqodayo. Faka izidakamizwa ezinjengeVerapamil, i-Amlodipine, iKoriffar, i-Adalat, iNimodipine.
Ekunqandweni kwe-atherossteosis, eyinhloko indlela ebanzi, equkethe ekwelapheni izifo ezihlangene (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela nabanye), ukubambelela ekudleni okunengqondo kwe-hypocaloric kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba omncane.
Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqapha kwezinkomba zokucindezela (amanani ajwayelekile - ngaphansi kuka-130 kuye ku-90, kahle - okungaphansi kuka-120 kuye ku-80) nephrofayili yegazi lipid (inani eliphelele le-cholesterol - ngaphansi kuka-5.5). Ushukela wegazi kufanele ube ku-3.3 kuye ku-5.5. Izifo ezingamahlalakhona kumele nazo zelashwe ngesikhathi.
Umphumela wotshwala emzimbeni uchazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
