I-atherossteosis isohlwini lwezifo ezisongela impilo, yize ekuqaleni ungabonakala uhlukile. Ayinayo intuthuko esheshayo, izimpawu zingafiphaliswa futhi zithathe izithombe zenye i-pathologies.
Eqinisweni, i-atherosclerosis kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile ithinta yonke imithambo yegazi yomzimba ngokulandelana, kancane kancane inciphisa ukukhanyisa kwemithambo yegazi futhi ivimbele ukuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kuholela kuma-ischemia okungamahlalakhona, kuphazamisa ukusebenza futhi kumise umsebenzi wezitho zomzimba.
Ukusabalala kwe-atherosclerosis emzimbeni
Imvamisa, i-atherossteosis ithinta imithambo yemjikelezo wegazi omkhulu - i-aorta, imithambo yemikhawulo engezansi, nemithambo yobuchopho.
Ngomonakalo wemithambo ye-arterial yemilenze, kuvela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuzindla nokupholisa kwezinyawo, ukungakwazi ukubona ukuthi kuhamba kanjani emilenzeni engezansi, kanye nomonakalo omkhulu we-groin, ukudabuka okungathandeki kwesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komzimba. Ngenqubo egijima ohlangothini olungaphambili lomlenze (ngoba kuncane ungqimba lwemisipha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunemikhumbi embalwa, i-ischemia ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu), kwakhiwa isilonda sethofi, esingakhula sibe yi-gangrene noma inqubo yomdlavuza. IGangrene yi-necrosis yezitho, ekugcineni okuholela ekufakweni kobuthi begazi nokufa.
Izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ziwuphawu lomonakalo we-aortic, ngenxa yobude bawo obukhulu emzimbeni womuntu - kusuka endaweni engakwesokunxele yenhliziyo iye ekugatsheni kwayo emithanjeni yensikazi.
Inqubo ingenziwa yasendaweni ku:
- Imikhumbi ye-Coronary iyisimo esisongela impilo engaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-myocardial. Ngokwempilo, kufana kakhulu ne-angina pectoris - ukucindezela nokucindezela ubuhlungu emuva kwe-sternum, ukuphefumula, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathazeka, umuzwa wokwesaba noma uvalo. Kulesi simo, umugqa oyisikhombisi ubude besikhathi sobuhlungu amahora amaningana nokumelana kwawo ne-nitroglycerin, ngokungafani ne-angina pectoris;
- Uma kwenzeka kulimala i-aorta yesisu, ikakhulukazi imithambo ye-mesenteric, i-atherosclerosis ithatha isimo sokwephulwa kwamapheshana esiswini ngohlobo lobuthi bokudla: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuthambisa okhubazekile ngendlela yokuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo. Izimpawu aziqedi ngama-antispasmodics futhi zanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
Lapho imithambo evalekile ezingeni lamagatsha ayo endaweni ye-pelvic, kubonakaliswa izimpawu zokulimala kwemithambo yesitho sowesifazane.
Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala komonakalo emithanjeni yobuchopho
I-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi yobuchopho kanye ne-brachiocephalic trunk inezimpawu ezithile, ezibonakala kuphela esigabeni sokugcina nesicishe singaphenduki sesi sifo.
Ama-harbinger okuqala alesi sifo ukukhathala okungapheli nobuthakathaka, okungahlala izinyanga futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neminyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu uhlala ezithola izaba zazo, ezinjengokuthi: ukuvinjwa ukusebenza ngokweqile emsebenzini, ukucindezelwa okungapheli noma ukuguquguquka kwezimo zezulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiguli sizwa ukucasuka okungapheli, ngoba uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenza esimeni sokuxakaxha okuhlala njalo ezimeni zokulamba kwe-oksijini okungapheli, njengoba imikhumbi ihlala igcwele izigodi.
Kulesi sigaba, lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile noma lapho sinikela ngegazi kuma-lipids.
Ezimweni ezingama-90%, i-atherosclerosis iqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka - lapho izinga lokunciphisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kwesigamu sokukhishwa. Lapho-ke izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu.
Baphinde banezela isiyezi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba nangokuphumula, izinhlungu ekhanda nasentanjeni, ukufiphaza "izimpukane" nokuba khona kwezindawo ezimnyama phambi kwamehlo, i-tinnitus. Lokhu kungenxa ye-hypoxia yezinhlaka zobuchopho ezinjenge-vestibular apparatus, i-optic nerve ne-cerebellum.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, isiguli kancane kancane sakha isimo sokudabukisa, esingabonwa yizihlobo. Izimpawu okuthiwa zobuchopho, izimpawu ezithile zomonakalo kwezicubu zobuchopho, ziyanda kancane kancane.
Ngezilonda ezengeziwe ze-cerebellum, ukuphazamiseka emkhakheni wezimoto nokuxhumana kuqala. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuqhaqhazela kwamaphethelo noma ukuthuthumela okungalawulwa, ukuvevezela kwekhanda, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kwezandla.
Isikhungo sokukhuluma esilandelayo siyahlupheka. Inkulumo iba iyaqaqeka, idideke, kanye nokungabaza. Lokhu kudonsela ukunaka kwemvelo, kwenze isiguli sizizwe sikhathazekile, futhi kungamshukumisela ukuba abonane nodokotela.
Izimpawu eziphambili zomsebenzi wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngalesi sikhathi, isigaba sokugcina siyakhula.
Kubonakala ngokuncipha kwenkumbulo, kancane kancane, kepha ekugcineni sekuphelele. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuboniswa ngokukhohlwa amagama nezinsuku, bese kuba yimicimbi nabantu abakhohliwe, bese kuthi ekugcineni kube nokuwohloka komqondo kukhule.
Lesi yisimo esibi, ikakhulukazi emndenini nakubangane, ngoba isifo sengqondo esixakile siholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kobuntu.
Umuntu akakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yasendlini - ukusuka ekuboshweni ngamasheleni kuya ekudleni ukudla, ikhono lokuzenzela liyalahleka.
Lesi sigaba ezimeni eziningi asikwazi ukubuyela emuva futhi siphela ngokushaywa - ischemic noma hemorrhagic.
I-Ischemic stroke yakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka komkhumbi yi-atherosclerotic plaque, kukhona indlala ebukhali yomoya ophethe ne-ischemia ene-necrosis.
Ukushayeka kwe-hemorrhagic kubangelwa ukuqhuma komkhumbi othintekayo, okuholela ekhipha ukopha okukhulu kakhulu kanye nokufinyelwa kwezicubu zobuchopho ngegazi, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo okungahambi kahle.
Futhi, noma ikuphi ukunqunywa kuholela ku-edema yamakhemikhali, okukhonjiswa ngokufuduka nokuganiswa kwezakhi zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi isiqu sobuchopho. Kukuyo lapho izikhungo ezibalulekile zokubetha kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula nokugwinya zenziwa khona. Ngaphandle kwabo, umuntu uyafa endabeni yemizuzu.
Kungakho i-atherosclerosis yemithambo ye-cerebral kufanele ibonwe esiteji sezimpawu zokuqala nemithi yokwelapha kufanele iqale ukuze imiphumela emibi ingakhuli.
Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-atherosulinosis
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuyikho ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqala ngokuhlolwa kweziguli.
Izimbangela zokuthuthuka kwe-pathology yizici zobungozi, ukukhonjwa kwazo kanye nokuqedwa kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Uhlu lwezinkinga ezibalulekile luhlanganisa ukukhomba izingozi.
Kwi-atherossteosis, izici zobungozi yilezi:
- Ukubhema - lokhu akubheki nje kuphela inani likagwayi ngosuku, kodwa futhi nesipiliyoni sokubhema. Lokhu kuzobonisa izinga nobungako bomphumela wezinto ezicasulayo kulwelwesi lwemikhumbi, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile;
- Ukuba khona noma ukungabi bikho kwesifo sikashukela - ukwanda kweglucose kwegazi njalo kubhebhethekisa ukuqubuka phambili kwalesi sifo futhi kuyisici saso esidabukisayo ngenxa yomphumela obhubhisayo wokuwohloka kwemithambo yegazi. Imvamisa kuholela ekukhubazekeni;
- Izinga lokukhuluphala, uma likhona. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiyingozi kwezifo eziningi ze-endocrine kanye nenhliziyo, njenge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kanye ne-hypertension, ngokulandelana;
- Ukudla okungenampilo kanye nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca - ku-tata kuvame ukudala ukukhuluphala. Futhi, ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, imikhumbi esemqoka iba mncane, ibe yi-brittle and brittle, engaholela ekubhujisweni kwabo;
- Ukuphuza utshwala kungenye yezimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba kuholela ekubonakaleni kwezifo zesibindi, ezisebenzisa i-cholesterol eyingozi emithanjeni yegazi ibe yimigudu ye-bile yokugaya. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-cholesterol plaque avimba ukuhamba kwegazi akhiwa emithanjeni evela kuma-lipids okweqile. Futhi, lezi zingcweti zingaqhamuka, zidale ukuqhuma okukhulu kwemithambo yegazi. Imvamisa le yimithambo ye-pulmonary artery, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni i-pulmonary infarction kanye nokuboshwa kokuphefumula.
Futhi, imbangela yokubonakala kwesifo ingasindwa yifa. Kuyasiza ukuthola esigulini ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini izimo ze-atherosulinosis emndenini, ngoba lesi sifo singaba ngesomndeni.
Futhi ukuqinisekisa impilo yawo wonke amalungu omndeni, ukuvimba kungenziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Izindlela Zokuhlonza Abasizi
Ngemuva kwenhlolokhono, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe elabhorethri.
Ukucacisa lokhu kutholwa, udokotela unquma ukudlula kohlu lonke lokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi lingakanani izinga lokuthuthuka kwe-pathology futhi anqume isidingo sokuhlolwa okunamandla
Emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri, udokotela angabona:
- Ekuhlolweni kwegazi okujwayelekile kwe-atherossteosis, ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokuncipha kwe-erythrocyte kanye nokwenyuka kwamaprotheni e-C kuyasebenza. Lokhu kukhombisa inqubo yokuvuvukala ekhula emzimbeni;
- Ekuhlolweni kwegazi le-biochemical, iphrofayili ye-lipid izodonsela ukunaka. Ibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezingxenyana ze-lipid. Imvamisa, inani le-cholesterol ephelele lingaba ngu-5 mmol / L. ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, lesi sibalo sikhuphuka kakhulu futhi lapho siphezulu, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka isilinganiso esiphakathi kokuphansi nokuphezulu kwe-lipoprotein. Imvamisa, eyokuqala akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-3 mmol / l, kanti eyesibili - okungenani 1 mmol / l. Ngokufanelekile, ama-lipoprotein asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, okungcono, ngoba anempahla yokubopha i-cholesterol “embi” futhi ayisuse emzimbeni;
Ngemuva kwalokho baphendukela ezindleleni zokuhlola ezinamandla ukuze baqinisekise noma baphikise ukutholwa.
Indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu i-radiography. Iyakwazi ukubona ama-plaque acashile ezitsheni zobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela futhi inezithiyo ezibalulekile - okokuqala, lokhu kunganembile emfanekisweni. Okwesibili, uma i-calcium ingakabi nesikhathi sokufakwa ku-plaque, i-lesion ngeke iboniswe kwifilimu. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, le ndlela isetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Indlela enemininingwane eminingi i-angiography ngokuhlukile. Kuqukethe ukwethulwa kwesilinganiso esiphakathi kokugobhoza kwegazi nokukhonjiswa kwe-patency flow flow esikrinini. Yize ihlasela, kubhekwa njengokuphephile emithini yesimanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra kwemithambo yobuchopho kuyasetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi, kumodi ye-Doppler, kuyasiza ukuthola ukubakhona noma ukungabi bikho kwamabala ngaphandle kokungena emzimbeni.
Le ndlela ibhekwa njengejwayelekile yigolide ekuxilongeni i-atherosulinosis ngenxa yokutholakala kwayo okuphezulu nokuphepha.
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis ngamaphilisi
Ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, kuya esigabeni nasenkambweni yalesi sifo.
Amathuba okunciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol ngokudla nokuzivocavoca ekhaya njalo kucatshangelwa, ngoba ezimweni ezingama-20% lesi sifo singabuyiselwa emuva sisebenzisa lezi zindlela kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungasebenzi kwale ndlela, izidakamizwa zibekiwe.
Izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe zingezamaqembu ehlukene wezidakamizwa, kepha ngenxaomphumela ohlanganisiwe, umphumela omuhle wokwelapha uyatholakala.
Lawa mathuluzi:
- Izidakamizwa ezisehlisa i-cholesterol, ephula inqubo ye-biosynthesis yayo emzimbeni. Lawa ama-statins nama-fibrate, avimbela ukukhula kwe-mevalonate esibindini. Izimo zibekezelelwa kahle njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko, zinemiphumela emibi embalwa. Zibekelwe zonke iziguli ezinobungozi futhi zithuthukise izinkinga ezifana ne-angina pectoris, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukufakwa kwe-myocardial noma unhlangothi ukuze zisuse izimpawu zazo.
- Uma kukhona ama-contraindication ekuthatheni ama-statins, ngokwesibonelo, ukungabekezelelani ngakunye, khona-ke kubekwa ngokulandelana kwama-acid acid, okunciphisa i-cholesterol ngokususa i-bile acid emathunjini.
- Uma kukhona uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela phakathi kwezifo ezihlangana, bese kubekwa amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela - lawa ngama-sulfanilamides, akhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe, kanye nama-biguanides, akhulisa ukusetshenziswa kweglucose ngokweqile ngezicubu zemisipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa ama-Vitamin therapy. Ukunquma i-antioxidant yemvelo ngesimo sevithamini E kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi ngokunciphisa izinqubo ze-oxidation odongeni lwe-vascular.
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis sekutholakele izindlela zomuthi wendabuko - izinqumo zemithi yokwelapha evuselela umzimba.
Izindlela zokwelapha ngokujwayelekile
Izindlela ezilandelanayo zisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Uma isimo siba sibi ngesikhathi somuthi, kuba khona umbuzo wokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa ukuze uthuthukise isimo sesiguli.
Izindlela zokuhlinzwa zingasetshenziswa ukuthola isifo esesimweni esithuthukile emazingeni okugcina entuthuko.
Izindlela zokuhlinzwa zokulungisa ukuhamba kwegazi ku-atherosulinosis yilezi:
- I-kartid endarterectomy iqukethe ukwenza lo msebenzi ngendlela evulekile esikebheni esikhubazekile esonakele, ngenxa yalokho ukuthi kukhishwe i-atherosclerotic plaque kusuka emthanjeni, emva kwalokho ihlunyekwe futhi ibekwe endaweni yayo;
- I-Angioplasty ingumsebenzi ovaliwe, owenziwe isifaniso nesokuqala, kuphela ngaphandle kokuvula i-cranium. I-catheter ifakwa emthanjeni wesitho sowesifazane, welulelwe esitsheni esithintekile ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-angiography. Lapho-ke i-atherosclerotic plaque idonswa ngakolunye uhlangothi;
- I-vascular stenting - iqukethe ukufakwa kocingo lwe-hypoallergenic wire endaweni yokuncipha komkhumbi. Kubhekwa njengokusebenza kobuhlungu okuncane kunakho konke lokhu, kunezibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle ezivela ezigulini.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo ukwedlula ukuselapha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo zezokwelashwa eziphathelene nendlela yokuphila enempilo futhi ungabi nemikhuba emibi ukuze ulondoloze amandla nobungqabavu iminyaka eminingi.
I-atherosclerosis ye-Brain ichazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
