Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nezibalo ezidumazayo ngezinga le-atherosulinosis kubantu. I-World Institute of Therapy ibilokhu icwaninga ngayo iminyaka eminingi, kwathi ngonyaka wezi-2015 yathula imininingwane elandelayo: i-atherosclerosis iyimbangela yokufa kwabantu abangama-83% emacaleni abo bobabili ubulili.
Ucwaningo lwe-autopsy luveze ukuthi lesi sifo siyaqhubeka yonke impilo yakhe, futhi sizibonakalise sisemncane - isiguli esisesincane kunazo zonke esine-atherossteosis sasiyishumi nesithupha.
Ngokwemvelo, phakathi kwabantu abangaphezulu kwamashumi amahlanu, kuguqulwa izinguquko emithanjeni ngamaphesenti angama-25, kusuka eminyakeni engama-50 kuye kwengama-60 - kuma-40%, kuthi eminyakeni engama-70 bakha cishe ama-90%. Kuyafuneka ukuthi usho ukuthi izibalo zivame kakhulu ukubonwa kubantu besilisa.
Uma ucubungula ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba, i-heterogeneity yalesi sifo iyaphawulwa. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilonda zemithambo lubonwa e-United States of America, Canada nase-Australia, kanti elincane kakhulu ngaphesheya kwemephu yiJapan.
Lokhu kungenxa yezici zesiko lokudla. EMelika, bakhetha izitsha zenyama ezinekhalori ephezulu nokudla okusheshayo. EJapan, kunalokho, okubaluleke kakhulu kungukudla okunempilo, okuningana okunemvelaphi yasolwandle. Lezi izinhlanzi, izilwane zasolwandle kanye nokudla kwasolwandle okuhlukahlukene.
Futhi, inani eliphansi lezehlakalo liyabonakala emazweni ase-Afrika, ngenxa yezithelo nezithelo ezinamafutha ekudleni kwazo.
I-atherossteosis phakathi kwemithambo yomzimba ithinta imithambo yegazi, kodwa ingangeni emithanjeni. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zesakhiwo semikhumbi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ingqamuzana ngalinye emzimbeni kufanele lithole umsoco omuhle ngendlela yezinto ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo kanye nomoya-mpilo. Ngendlela efanayo, nemithambo kufanele futhi idle, ngakho-ke inezinto okuthiwa yimithambo yemithambo yegazi.
Ziyafana nama-capillaries - zinodonga oluncanyana nolungenasici, futhi azikho mnyama kakhulu kunezinwele zomuntu.
Umgodi wabo uvala ngesikhathi se-systole, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, njengoba lokhu kukhulisa ingcindezi, futhi bavuleka ngokuxubha, lapho inhliziyo iphumule ngokuphelele.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izikebhe ezinkulu zithola umsoco wazo.
Uma ingcindezi yeziqu ezinkulu zemithambo ihlala ikhuphuka, lezi zingqubu zezakhi ziyabhujiswa, kubulawa indlala komoya wamaseli odonga lomthambo wegazi, okuholela ekuphazamisweni.
Njengoba ingcindezi emithanjeni ihlala izinzile futhi ingakhuphuki, akukho monakalo we-vascular, ngokungafani ne-arterial intima. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi kwababhemayo nakubantu abahola indlela engalungile.
Imibono ye-Atherossteosis
I-Atherossteosis yisifo sohlelo lwezinhliziyo, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhanya kwemithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi okuhamba kancane kanye nokukhula kwezinkinga ezinzima.
Izinkinga ezinjengalezi kungukufakelwa kwe-myocardial infaration, stroke, kanye ne-gangrene yemikhawulo engezansi.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka kwe-atherosclerosis ziningi, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi lesi sifo singumbala we-polyetiological.
Njengoba kufakazelwa yinhlanganisela yemibono yabo:
- Ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi - lapho kunezinto ezahlukahlukene ezilimazayo, kuvela ama-microcracks nama-microtraum odongeni lomkhumbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zokuvuvukala kanye nokujaha endaweni yesici samaplatelet, bese ama-lipids, ukuqeda lo monakalo.
- Umbono wokungenelela kwe-lipid odongeni lwe-vascular - ukunqwabelana kwamazinga aphansi we-lipoproteins obukhulu bomkhumbi ngenxa yokwanda kokuxineka kwawo emzimbeni; umbono we-viral - ngokusekelwe kuwo, ulandela lowo monakalo odongeni lwe-vascular okubangela ukuhlaselwa yigciwane kuwo.
- Izakhi zofuzo - ukuba khona kweqoqo le-DNA lohlobo olukhethekile olubhekele ukulawula amazinga e-cholesterol egazini.
Kukhona nomqondo we-peroxide - uphetha ngokuthi kunenani elinganele lama-antioxidants wemvelo emzimbeni, elonyusa izinqubo ze-peroxide oxidation kanye nokuqongelelwa kwemikhiqizo enobuthi kwizicubu.
Izici ezithonya ukukhula kwesifo
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosulinosis emzimbeni womuntu.
Zonke lezi zinto ezinobungozi zifingqiwe futhi zicutshungulwe ngudokotela ohambele esikalini esikhethekile.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakele, kubalwa inkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokwelapha, kanye nomthamo wezidakamizwa kanye nenani lomsebenzi womzimba eliqondayo esigulini ngasinye.
Izici zobungozi ziholela ekuqhakambisweni kwalesi sifo, futhi lapho likhulu inani lazo, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukukhula kwesifo se-pathology.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukubhema ugwayi kungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Njengesidumbu esisebenzayo, sithinta imithambo yezakhi, sinciphisa i-lumen yaso noma sichithe ulwelwesi lweseli, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise udonga lomoya-mpilo lwe-oksijini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-resins aqongelela ku-intima, abangele ukuvuvukala okungapheli.
- Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yegazi. Kumuntu ophile kahle, isilinganiso se-cholesterol ephelele kufanele kube ngu-5 mmol / L, futhi kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-50 - hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-4.5 mmol / L. lapho ikhuphuka ngaphezu komkhawulo ovumelekile, izoqala ukungena ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi, iqale inqubo yokunciphisa i-artery.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngokwezibalo, ku-70% yeziguli ezine-atherossteosis kukhona ukwanda kwezibalo zokucindezela kuya ku-160/10, okuhambelana nezinga lesibili le-hypertension.
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus. I-glucose ithinta imithambo kabuhlungu, ecishe ifane ne-nicotine, icekela phansi ulwelwesi lweseli futhi iqale inqubo yokuvuvukala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zobungozi zibandakanya ukungondleki kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside, okuthi, njengomthetho, kusebenze ngokuhlangana.
Umuntu ongafundile unezitsha ezibuthakathaka ngokufanele, ezidalulwa kalula ngaphandle.
Futhi uma kunamafutha amaningi nama-carbohydrate ekudleni, lo mphumela uyanda, obangela i-atherosulinosis.
Imikhumbi ethinteka yi-atherosclerosis
Kusukela kudokotela, iziguli zizwa ukuxilongwa kwazo futhi ziyamangala, zingazi nge-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yenhliziyo nokuthi iyini, iziphi izimpawu nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Le ndaba kufanele uyixazulule, ngoba ingabonakala ibalulekile.
I-atherossteosis ivame ukuthinta umkhumbi omkhulu womzimba womuntu - i-aorta.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomjikelezo omkhulu wokujikeleza kwegazi, oxhumeka ngqo ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.
Ineminyango eminingana ngokwakhiwa kwayo:
- eyokuqala yingxenye ekhuphukayo, exhumanisa ne-ventricle engakwesokunxele yenhliziyo, iqala ngokwanda okubizwa ngokuthi isibhebhe, lesi sigaba sikhuphuka size kancane kwesobunxele, sidlula ezingeni lokuxhumeka kwembambo yesibili ne-cartilage engxenyeni elandelayo;
- i-arch ye-aortic iqhubekela kwesobunxele nangemuva, imikhumbi ye-tracheal ne-bronchial isuka kuyo, ibhekwa njengengxenye encane kakhulu ye-aorta, ezingeni le-vertebra yesine ye-thoracic idlula engxenyeni engezansi;
- ingxenye eyehlayo ye-aorta ifinyelela ku-vertebra yesine ye-lumbar, eyenza ibe yingxenye enkulu ye-aorta, ifaka nezingxenye ze-thoracic kanye nezesisu, eyokugcina ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha esibulalayo - imithambo ye-iliac, isiza sokopha sibizwa.
Isigaba ngasinye se-aorta sinezici zesakhiwo se-anatomical, ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwe.
Izimpawu ze-Aortic Atherossteosis
Izimpawu zincike ngokuphelele endaweni yendawo lesion, engaba kunoma imiphi iminyango.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sivame ukuzenza njengezinye izifo, okwenza ukuthi kutholakale kunzima ukuthola isifo.
Isibonelo, nge-atherosclerosis ye-thoracic aorta, ubuhlungu obufana nokuhlaselwa kwe-angina pectoris buqapheleka.
Izimpawu ezinkulu ukucindezela noma ukucindezela ubuhlungu emuva kwe-sternum, okuthi ngezikhathi ezahlukene kube namandla ahlukahlukene kusuka kubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi kubonakale kungabonakali. Ukufakelwa kobuhlungu ku-scapula, ihlombe, intamo, isisu esisesiswini kuyinto ehilelekile. Umehluko kuphela ngesikhathi.
Nge-atherossteosis, Ubuhlungu buhlala isikhathi eside, bungenzeka amahora amaningi noma izinsuku, kuyilapho izimpawu zingakhululeki ngokuthatha i-nitroglycerin. Uma i-aorta enwetshiwe ifaka ingcindezi kumthambo, khona lapho kungaba nobunzima ekudluliseni isigaxa sokudla nomuzwa wendandatho esophagus.
Kodwa-ke, isibonakaliso esibonisa kakhulu ukwanda kwengcindezi engavamile. Ngesikhathi lapho i-systolic ikhuphuke kakhulu yaba ngu-160-180, i-diastolic ayikhuphuki ngaphezulu kwamamilimitha angama-80-90 we-zebus.
Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi ngokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, i-alopecia yakuqala, ukuncipha kwezwi lesikhumba kanye ne-turgor ngenxa ye-fibrosis.
Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa okunganele kwegazi elinothile-moya emzimbeni ophezulu. Izimpawu ezifanayo ziyaqapheleka nge-coronary sclerosis.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulayo le-lipoprotein esezingeni eliphansi, ukufakwa kweziqhingi ezikhanyayo ze-lipid ku-iris yeso kungabonakala.
Uma inqubo ye-pathological ibonwa ku-aorta yesisu, khona-ke izimpawu ngokuvamile zizifihla njengezifo zepheshana lesisu. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko ukwephula umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla - isicanucanu nokuhlanza, okungalethi impumuzo, ukuqothuka kwe-acidic, izinhlungu esifundeni se-epigastric, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kudliwe ukudla, ukuthamba ngokweqile kanye nokuthambekela kokuqunjelwa, kuyilapho kungekho ukwephulwa ku-fibrogastroduodenoscopy.
Ukwehlulwa kwendawo yokufudumeza kubonakaliswa ukuhamba kwegazi okungenampilo emikhawulweni ephansi - kuyabanda, kuvuvukala futhi kubomvu. Umuzwa wokuxineka nokufikelwa yizinyawo ezinyangeni kuwuphawu.
Kungabonakala ngokungatholakali kwesishayo emithanjeni yezinyawo nasefossa popliteal. Ukucaciswa kwemibono kuyabonakala, okubonakala ngokushintshwa kobuhlungu emilenzeni kusuka ekubonakaleni kungabekezeleleki.
Ngenqubo yokugijima, ukwakheka kwezilonda eziyizidudla ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni, okubangelwa indlala yomoya-mpilo, kuyabonakala. Kamuva, lezi zilonda zingangena ku-gangrene noma i-sepsis, okuvame ukuba ngaphandle kokuthola ukwelashwa okuyikho kuholele ekufeni.
Izinkinga nokuxilongwa kwe-atherossteosis
Ngenxa yokufihlakala kahle kwalesi sifo kwamanye ama-pathologies, i-aortic atherosclerosis imvamisa ihlala ingaxilongwanga futhi itholakala kuphela ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo, lapho i-lumen yomkhumbi isivele ivaliwe ngabangaphezulu kuka-60%.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kusetshenziselwa ukuthola isifo. Kepha ayifundisi kakhulu ngenxa yezithombe ezifiphele namaphutha avamile ngenxa yalokhu.
Kubhekwe kangcono i-angiography ngokuhlukile. Kuqukethe ukwethulwa kwesilinganiso esiphakathi enkambini yabesifazane nokwakhiwa kwama-x-ray phakathi nokuhamba kwayo emgodini wegazi ngokubuka izilonda.
Phakathi kwezindlela ezingahambisi, i-Dopplerography igcina intende ngesibindi. Lokhu kuyindlela yokubala ukuhamba kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yemithambo yegazi, ngalo ungabona kahle izimpawu ze-echo ze-atherossteosis.
Kuyabiza impela, akubuhlungu futhi futhi akunangozi emzimbeni.
Imiphumela emqoka ye-atherosclerosis yilena:
- I-Aortic aneurysm ukwandiswa kwesinye sezingxenye zodonga lwe-vascular, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokusondelana. Ngokwe-Patanatomically, kubukeka njengokwakheka kwesaka esikebheni esikhulu. Ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu, inyibilika izitho nezicubu eziseduze, okusho ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yazo. Ama-Aneurysms ayinkimbinkimbi ngokugqabhuka kwawo, okuholela ekhipha ukopha okukhulu esifubeni noma esiswini sesisu nokukhula kokuwohloka.
- Ukulimazeka kwegazi kwe-acute - kwenzeka lapho i-aortic duct ivinjiwe. Kuboniswa ngokwenzeka kwesifo sohlangothi kanye nokwephulwa kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula nokugwinya.
- Ngokuhlukaniswa kwezixuku ze-atherosclerotic kanye nokungena kwazo emithanjeni ye-mesenteric, i-embolism ye-acute ikhula ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-infarction yamathumbu. Nge-necrosis yodonga lwayo, okuqukethwe esiswini kungena esiswini sesisu futhi i-peritonitis iyakhula - isimo esisongela ngokuhlinzwa esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukuqina kwemithambo yemithambo engezansi, okukhonjiswa ukungabi bikho kokushaya kwenhliziyo emithanjeni yabesifazane futhi kugcwele ukukhula komzimba.
Ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
Kunezindlela zezidakamizwa nez ezingezona izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-aortic atherosulinosis.
Kukhethwa umuntu ngamunye esigulini ngasinye, kususelwa esigabeni salesi sifo, izinga lobungozi, ama-pathologies akhangayo nokukhubazeka.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona ezokwelapha zibandakanya, okokuqala, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukhulisa inani lemisebenzi yokuzivocavoca - ukuhamba emoyeni omusha, ukugijima okukhanyayo, imithambo yokuzivocavoca, izivivinyo zokusa, ukuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula, indlela yezempilo, ukubhukuda ne-yoga. Lawa makilasi awadingi ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekile ngokomzimba, kulula futhi kufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu ekhaya.
- Ukudla - kunconyelwa ukunciphisa inani lokudla okunamafutha, ufulawa namaswidi, ukubuyise ngezithelo, imifino, i-fiber, okusanhlamvu, inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi. Kulesi simo, ngeke kunikezwe umthelela omuhle emikhunjini kuphela, kepha futhi kuzokwehla ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okuyisici esibucayi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherosclerosis kanye nokubalwa kwemithambo.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema notshwala. Ngaphandle komphumela wezinto eziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, ikakhulukazi emikhunjini, isithikamezo sokutheleleka okungamahlalakhona ngeke sikhule, esizonciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwempi.
Ngokushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila, unganciphisa kakhulu ukuqubuka kwesifo futhi ususe ubungozi bezinkinga.
Izeluleko ezivela kodokotela ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuzelapha nokuzelapha akubalulekile, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ufune izeluleko zikadokotela.
Uma ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zingaphumelelanga, noma ukutholwa kwe-atherosclerosis kwenzeke ngezigaba sekwedlule isikhathi, kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kufaka phakathi inkomba yezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene - lokhu kwehlisa i-cholesterol, ne-antihypertensive, kanye nokwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Zonke izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa zisebenza ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, zithuthukisa isenzo somunye nomunye:
- Izidakamizwa ze-Hypolipidemic. Lokhu kufaka ama-statins - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors. Isenzo sabo ukuphula i-cholesterol synthesis chain futhi, ngenxa yalokho, banciphise inani laso. Leli qembu lifaka i-simvastatin, i-lovastatin, i-atorvastatin ne-rosuvastatin. Ngaphezu kwalawa mathebhulethi, kukhona neqembu lama-fibrate anciphisa ngokungasebenzi i-LDL kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-triglycerides.
- Izidakamizwa ezisehlisa umfutho wegazi. Zikhethwe ngokwahlukana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa. Kulokhu, izifo ezihlanganyele, ezinjengezifo zezinso zesibindi namaphaphu, ziyabhekelelwa;
- Imithi ye-antidiabetic imiselwe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Uma izinga lokukhuphuka kweglucose lincane, ungasebenzisa imali yamakhambi kusuka emithini yendabuko. Lona umhluzi we-blueberry, ukukhipha ubhontshisi, ukumnika okuvela emaqabungeni e-walnut, kanye namaqabunga e-dandelion noma e-St John wort.Umphumela wabo kungenxa yokugcwala komzimba ngezinto eziwusizo, kufaka phakathi amavithamini, kanye nokwehla kokufakwa kweglue esiswini esincane, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuqina kwawo emzimbeni.
Ukusebenza kwimithambo ethintekile kungavulwa noma kuvalwe. Kuya ngesilinganiso somonakalo, inani lokuhlinzwa kanye nesimo sesiguli.
I-Endovascular (ivaliwe) iqukethe ukungena kokuphenya ku-lumen of the artery kanye nokusungulwa kwesiprofetho ngebhaluni endaweni yesilonda. I-balloon iyavula, i-artery iyanda, futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kubuyiselwa kancane kancane. Le ndlela ithola izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle.
Ngokuvamisile, kwenziwa imisebenzi evulekile lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki odongeni. Lokhu kungasongela ukwehlukaniswa kwama-atherosselotic plaque kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-embolism, okuzonciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo esihle.
Imininingwane nge-aortic atherosclerosis ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ngxenye.
