Emhlabeni wezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezikhula njalo, izidakamizwa zohlobo olujwayelekile ziyithuba elihle kakhulu lokunciphisa izindleko futhi zinikeze ukufinyelela kwemithi ebalulekile kubantu obezingeke zikwazi ukuzikhokhela.
Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kufanele kuqukathe izithako ezifanayo futhi kufanele kufane noma kububanzi obuvumayo bioequivalent nesidakamizwa sokuphathelene maqondana ne-pharmacokinetic kanye ne-pharmacodynamic. Abakhiqizi abaningi benza izinhlobo ezingafani nezidakamizwa ezikhona ngaphandle kokufakazela ukuphepha kwabo kanye nokusebenza kwabo ngokuvivinya kwezokwelapha. Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kuthathwa njenge-biioequivalent kulo muthi uma isilinganiso nobukhulu bokufakwa kungakhombisi umehluko obalulekile kusukela kulungiselelo olubekiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli nodokotela banombono wokuthi ama-generics ayizidakamizwa ezisezingeni eliphansi. Iziguli zijwayele imishanguzo yazo enomkhiqizo, futhi kaningi azifuni ukuzishintsha. Ikakhulu uma kubhekiswa ezentengiso ezithuthukisiwe ezixhaswe yizinkampani eziphika izinzuzo zemithi ejwayelekile. Odokotela bavame ukuba nombono ongemuhle wama-generics. Lobu budlelwano buwumkhiqizo wezinqubomgomo zokumaketha nokwazisa zezinkampani ezikhiqiza.
Izici eziphambili zemithi
I-Atorvastatin, i-lipid ye-ejenti eyehlisayo ethengiswe ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Lipitor kusuka ku-PfizerInc., Yangena emakethe ngo-1996 futhi yaba isidakamizwa esithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni isenzo sayo okuhloswe ngaso ukulawula umthetho we-lipid metabolism.
Ipatent yelungelo likaPfizer le-Atorvastatin liphelelwe yisikhathi ngoNovemba 2011. Abanye abakhiqizi baqala ukuhambisa izinhlobo zo muthi ngoMeyi 2012. Inkampani yokuqala eyakha i-analogue yesidakamizwa futhi yazisa emakethe kwakunguRanbaxyLaboratories evela eNdiya, okuyinkampani enkulu yemithi.
Ukubekezelela nokubekezelela udokotela we-genor atorvastatin Ranbaxy kuvinjelwe yizinkinga ezahlukahlukene zokulawula ikhwalithi. Umbono ongemuhle, ngenxa yezinkinga zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, uholela ekuthini umthengi angasabeli emithini.
Kunzima ukususa isimo esingesihle kulo muthi njengoba kuye kwenziwa izifundo ezimbalwa ezihlaziya ukusebenza kwe-generic Atorvastatin.
Ukuhunyushwa kwalezi zifundo kunqunyelwe ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene:
- inani eliphansi lezifundo zocwaningo;
- ukuntuleka kwamaqembu wezinkomba.
Yize umphumela omuhle wale muthi ku-cholesterol emibi, usafakazelwa ngokwesayensi. Kungakho, namuhla leli thuluzi lisetshenziswa kabanzi.
I-atorvastatin isetshenziselwa ini?
I-Atorvastatin ingumuthi otholakala ngesimo samathebulethi omthamo we-10 mg, 20, 30, 40, 60 noma 80 milligrams. Futhi, lesi sidakamizwa siyatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Lipitor. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi esimweni sesibili, intengo yayo izonyuka kancane.
I-Atorvastatin isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amazinga aphezulu:
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- I-LDL
- amanye amafutha abizwa nge-triglycerides ne-apolipoprotein BB yegazi.
Kunconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe ngabantu abadala nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 nge-hypercholesterolemia eyisisekelo, yomndeni, noma exubile. Kusetshenziswa lapho ukudla okunamafutha aphansi nendlela yokuphila eshintsha, njengokukhuphuka komzimba, kunganciphisi i-cholesterol eyanele.
Inkomba yokuphuza umuthi ifaka izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezihlose kakhulu ukuvikela izifo zenhliziyo, njenge:
- Angina pectoris.
- Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
- Imivimbo.
Umuthi futhi uyasetshenziswa lapho kunesidingo sokudlula kwenhliziyo okudlula kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu besifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ababhemayo, abantu abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile, nalabo abanesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo.
Kulokhu, i-atorvastatin ingasetshenziswa noma ngabe izinga le-cholesterol lingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-atorvastatin?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol - "kubi", ezibizwa nge-low density lipoprotein (LDL), kanye ne "good", ebizwa nge-high density lipoprotein (HDL). I-LDL ihlala emithanjeni futhi yenyusa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo ngokunciphisa imithambo (i-atherosclerosis), kanti i-HDL empeleni ivikela imithambo yalokhu.
I-Atorvastatin isebenza ngokwehlisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL esibindini. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli wesibindi amunca i-LDL egazini. Umuthi ubangela ukwehla okuningana kokuhlanganiswa kwezinye "kwamafutha amabi" egazini, okubizwa nge- triglycerides, kanye nokwanda okuncane kokuqanjwa kwe-HDL. Umphumela ojwayelekile ukwehla kwezinga "lamafutha amabi" egazini kanye nokwanda kwalawo "amahle".
Izimo ezinjenge-atorvastatin, zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunqandeni isifo senhliziyo nesifo somoya, njengoba sinciphisa ubungozi be-cholesterol eyengeziwe emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo nengqondo. Noma yikuphi ukuvimbela kule mithambo yegazi kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi ngakho-ke kuvimba ukulethwa komoya-mpilo odingekayo yinhliziyo noma amaseli obuchopho. Enhliziyweni, lokhu kungavusa izinhlungu zesifuba (i-angina pectoris) futhi ezimweni ezinzima kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo (infyoction myocardial), kanti ebuchosheni kungadala ukushayeka.
Lo muthi wehlisa inqubo yokulahleka kwe-elasticity yizindonga zemithambo yemithambo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-cholesterol engakanani ekuqaleni. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthi benze izinqubo zokuthuthukisa ukulethwa kwegazi enhliziyweni, njengokwandisa umkhanyo we-artery noma ukufaka i-cardiac bypass graft.
Futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, nokufa kwesifo senhliziyo.
Ungawusebenzisa kanjani amakhambi?
Njengoba sekushiwo, umuthi uyatholakala ngesimo samathebulethi.
Ungathenga iphilisi lokuhlafuna, lilungele lezo ziguli ezinesifo sokuhlafuna esaphukile. Imvamisa, umuthi kufanele uphuzwe kanye ngosuku. Umthamo ngqo ubekwa udokotela oholayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana kwangaphambili, ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo akunconywa. Ngakho-ke, kusengaphambili udinga ukubonisana nodokotela wakho, ungabeki ukulimala okungenzeka ekusebenziseni, futhi uthole irejimeni ngqo yemithamo. Futhi uthole iresiphi yokuthenga.
Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yilena:
- ikhanda
- isifo sohudo
- izimpawu ezibandayo.
Awukwazi ukuthatha umuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, into esemqoka esebenzayo ingalimaza umntwana ongakazalwa.
I-Atorvastatin ingathathwa ngabantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, awalungele amaqembu athile abantu.
Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela ngama-nuances alandelayo:
- Ukusabela okwenziwa yi-atorvastatin noma eminye eminye imishanguzo edlule.
- Izinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso.
- Ukuhlela ukukhulelwa.
- Ukukhulelwa
- ukuncelisa ingane.
- Isifo samaphaphu esiqinile.
- Unhlangothi olubangelwa ukopha ebuchosheni;
- Ukwemukela inani elikhulu lotshwala kanye nokuphuza utshwala ejwayelekile.
- Yehlise umsebenzi we-thyroid.
Impela, lolu luhla nje oluyisisekelo lwezixwayiso. Imininingwane engaphezulu ingatholwa ngokuvakashela udokotela wakho.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi
Njenganoma iyiphi enye i-ejenti, i-Atorvastatin inemiyalo yokusetshenziswa, echaza ngokuningiliziwe uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti, kanye nemininingwane ebalulekile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubuyekezwa okushiywe ngudokotela wezifo zentliziyo onolwazi angaphezu koyedwa emhlabeni wonke kuphakamisa ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalesi sidakamizwa, inkampani iRatiopharm yethula iLiptor, engasathandwa nanamuhla. Lamathuluzi amabili awekho umehluko. Kokubili lokho nokunye, udokotela oholayo kufanele abhale kuphela. Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngeke kube wusizo kuphela, kodwa futhi kube nemiphumela emibi uma umuthi usetshenziselwa ezinye izinhloso.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa iqukethe imininingwane yokuthi amaphilisi atholakalayo aqukethe okuthile okubizwa nge-aspartame, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuwathatha.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-phenylketonuria (ukugula okutholakale njengegciwane le-protein metabolism).
I-Atorvastatin kufanele ithathwe kanye ngosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungayithatha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha kufanele unamathele ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke.
Umuthi awephuli inqubo yokugaya, ngakho-ke ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Umthamo ojwayelekile wabantu abadala ngu-10 mg kuya ku-80 mg ngosuku. Ezinganeni, umthamo ojwayelekile usukela ku-10 mg uye ku-20 mg kanye ngosuku. Imithamo ephakeme kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa. Udokotela ngamunye unquma inani le-Atorvastatin elilungele ingane noma umuntu omdala.
Umthamo onconyelwe ngokuya ngezinga le-cholesterol nemithi ehlanganayo ethathwa yisiguli.
Imiphumela emibi engenzeka
Umphumela owodwa onqabile kodwa ongathí sina ubuhlungu bemisipha obuchaziwe noma ubuthakathaka emzimbeni.
Ngemuva kwezinguquko ezinjalo enhlalakahleni, ungaqhubeka nokuthatha umuthi, kepha kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho. Ikakhulu uma ukungaphatheki kahle kungahambi isikhathi eside.
I-Atorvastatin kufanele ichithwe uma:
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- ubuthakathaka noma ukugoba - lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zokuqhuma kwemisipha kanye nokulimala kwezinso;
- ukuqaqamba kwesikhumba noma i-sclera yamehlo - lokhu kungaba wuphawu lwezinkinga zesibindi;
- ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okunamabala abomvu apinki, ikakhulukazi ezintendeni zezandla noma ezintanjeni zezinyawo;
- Ubuhlungu besisu - lokhu kungaba wuphawu lwe-pancreatitis eyingozi nezinye izinkinga ngamanyikwe;
- ukukhwehlela
- umuzwa wokuphefumula komoya;
- ukunciphisa umzimba.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusabela okunamandla komzimba kungenzeka. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo, lapho udinga ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezixwayisa zokusabela okukhulu komzimba yilezi:
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba okungahlanganisa ukulunywa.
- URubella
- Isikhumba esishubile.
- Inkinga yokuphefumula noma ukukhuluma.
- Ukuvuvukala komlomo, ubuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo.
Ukugwema imiphumela enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalo nomthamo womuthi.
Yini okufanele ngiyikhumbule lapho ngisebenzisa umkhiqizo?
Kuyiqiniso, akunakuphikwa ukuthi lo muthi uphephe ngokuphelele empilweni yomuntu.
Kepha uma uthathwe ngokufanele, kuzosiza ngempumelelo uma kunesidingo ukulawula i-lipid metabolism.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zithinta ukusebenza kwe-atorvastatin futhi zingandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Imithi engahlanganisi kahle ne-atorvastatin yile:
- amanye ama-antibiotic kanye nama-ejenti we-antifungal;
- ezinye izidakamizwa ze-HIV;
- eminye imishanguzo ye-hepatitis;
- ISvarfarin (ivimbela ukuqubuka kwegazi);
- I-cyclosporin (iphatha i-psoriasis kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis);
- I-Colchicine (ikhambi le-gout);
- amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala;
- UVerapamil;
- Diltiazem
- I-Amlodipine (esetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezinkinga zenhliziyo);
- I-Amiodarone (yenza inhliziyo yakho izinze).
Uma isiguli sisebenzisa le mishanguzo engenhla, kufanele sixwayise udokotela wakhe. Kulokhu, unikezwa umthamo ophansi we-Atorvastatin noma i-analogue inconyiwe. Kepha isidakamizwa esifanayo kufanele futhi sibe ngeqembu lama-statin.
Imininingwane mayelana nomuthi i-Atorvastatin inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
