Imikhuba yoshukela wegazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-13 yobudala ingu-3.3-5,5 mmol / l, ngalezi zinkomba ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukukhula, ukukhula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kungenzeka.
Ubunzima bomzimba ngesikhathi sokuthomba ukukhiqizwa okukhuphukile kwama-hormone okukhula nokushintshashintsha kwama-hormone ocansi, ngalesi sikhathi kubhekwa njengenguquko yesikhathi kusuka ebuntwaneni kuya ebudaleni, Ngakho-ke, amanani e-metabolic abhekene nokushintshashintsha okukhulu.
Kumntwana okusobala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, iminyaka engu-13 kuya kwayi-16 iyingozi kakhulu. Uma lesi sifo singasitholakali ngesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kungeqalwa, khona-ke isifo sikashukela siqala ngokukhula kwe-ketoacidosis size sifinyelele ekhefini.
Ngabe umzimba uligcina kanjani ushukela wegazi?
Umzimba ophilile uhlangabezana nokushintshashintsha kwamazinga kashukela ngemuva kokudla, ikakhulukazi ucebile ngama-carbohydrate alula - ushukela, izithelo, ujusi, uju, i-confectionery nesinkwa. Kulokhu, i-glycemia ikhuphuka ngokushesha, uma imikhiqizo iqukethe isitashi (okusanhlamvu, amazambane) noma ifayibha lesitshalo (imifino, iklabishi) bese ushukela wegazi ukhula kancane.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngemuva kwesenzo sama-enzymes wokugaya, wonke ama-carbohydrate aguqulwa abe ushukela, ungena egazini lamathumbu awo. Lapho-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin ye-pancreatic, amaseli aqala ukusebenzisa ushukela egazini bese elisebenzisela amandla.
Inani elingadingekile ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi kule nkathi ligcinwa ngesimo se-glycogen esibindini nesisipha semisipha. Umzimba udla lokhu kugcinwa phakathi kokudla. Ngokuntuleka kweglucose egazini, isibindi siyakwazi ukusakha sisuka kuma-amino acid kanye namafutha.
Inqubo yonke ye-metabolic ithonywa uhlelo lwe-hormonal. Umphumela ophambili we-hypoglycemic yi-insulin, nama-hormone avela kwizindlala ze-adrenal, i-thyroid gland, ama-pituitary hormone ayayandisa.
Babizwa ngokuthi ama-contrainsular. La mahomoni afaka:
- I-hormone yokukhula - ama-hormone okukhula.
- I-Adrenaline, i-adrenal cortisol.
- Ama-hormone e-thyroid - i-thyroxine, i-triiodothyronine.
- I-Pancreatic Alpha Glucagon
Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okwandayo kwama-hormone okuxinzelela kanye nokukhula kwama-hormone, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela yintsha kungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu zesifo okufanele zisilaphe.
Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko yokuqalwa kwe-tishu insulin ngaphansi kwethonya le-endocrine gland hyperfunction kanye nezimpawu zengqondo zesiguli esineminyaka eyi-13-16.
Ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa ushukela wegazi?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi likazinga kashukela (ushukela) kunqunywa uma kunokuphambi kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus esifakwe emishini yezinsimbi ze-chromosome bese sidluliselwa kusuka ezihlotsheni ezisondelene ezihlaselwa yilezi zifo.
Imvamisa, esikhathini sobusha, kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ubunzima bokuxilongwa kwalesi sifo esifike ngesikhathi bubangelwa ukuthi ukukhula kwayo ezinsukwini zokuqala kunzima ukunquma ngezimpawu zomtholampilo kanye nokuhlaziywa.
Izinga loshukela wegazi enganeni ligcinwa inqobo nje uma kunamaseli we-beta asebenzayo kumanyikwe. Kungemva kokuba i-90-95% yazo ibhujiswe inqubo yokuvuvukala ye-autoimmune, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukoma okukhulu nokudla okwandayo.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachaziwe
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda nesiyezi.
- Inani elikhulu lomchamo.
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba, kubandakanya ne-perineum.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile.
- I-furunculosis ephikelelayo kanye nemiphuzo e-pustular esikhunjeni.
- Umbono wehlisiwe.
- Ukukhathala
Noma ngabe kunenye yalezi zimpawu, osemusha kufanele ahlolwe isifo sikashukela. Uma lezi zimpawu zinganakwa, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi izehlakalo ze-ketoacidosis zijoyine: isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphefumula kaningi nokuzwakala, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni.
Imizimba ye-ketone ephumayo inobuthi kakhulu kumangqamuzana obuchopho, ngakho-ke, phakathi nosuku, ukwazi ukwazi kungalimaza.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhula iketoacidotic coma, edinga ukuvuselelwa ngokushesha.
Ungakudlulisela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela?
Ukuze uthole imiphumela efanele, udinga ukulungiselela isifundo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 udinga ukunciphisa inani lokudla okumnandi nokunamafutha, ukuqeda ukuphuza utshwala. Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukubhema, ukuphuza ikhofi noma itiye elinamandla, ube nesidlo sasekuseni. Kungcono ukuza elabhoratri ekuseni, ngaphambi kwalapho ungaphuza amanzi ahlanzekile.
Uma ngabe kunikezwe imithi, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, ama-painkiller noma athinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, khona-ke ngaphambi kocwaningo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho mayelana nokululekwa kokuthatha, ngoba kungenzeka kube nedatha ehlanekezelwe. Ukuxilongwa kungabambezeleka ekushiseni komzimba okuphezulu, ngemuva kokulimala noma ukushiswa.
Ukuhlolwa kwedatha kwenziwa nguchwepheshe. Isimo sikashukela wegazi ezinganeni sincike eminyakeni yobudala: kumntwana oneminyaka engu-1 ubudala sincane kunowomuntu osemusha. Ukushintshashintsha komzimba ku-glycemia ku-mmol / l ezinganeni kuyahambelana nezinkomba ezinjalo: kuze kube unyaka ka-2.8-4.4; kusuka onyakeni kuya eminyakeni eyi-14 - 3,3-5.5. Ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile kungabhekwa njengokulandelayo:
- Kufika ku-3.3 - ushukela wegazi ophansi (hypoglycemia).
- Ukusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.1 - isandulela sesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela esisezingeni eliphezulu.
- Kusuka ku-6.1 - isifo sikashukela.
Imvamisa, imiphumela yesilinganiso esisodwa sikashukela ayitholakali, ukuhlaziya kuphindwa okungenani kanye. Uma kukhona ukucatshangelwa kwe-mentitus yesifo sikashukela se-latent - kunezimpawu zesifo, kepha i-glycemia ijwayelekile, i-hyperglycemia itholakala ngaphansi kuka-6.1 mmol / l, khona-ke izingane ezinjalo zinqunywa ukuhlolwa ngomthwalo weglucose.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungaguquki ngokuyisisekelo ekudleni nasendleleni yokuphila ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe. Ubuye anikele ngesisu esingenalutho. I-Glycemia ilinganiswa kabili - izinga lokuqala likashukela ngemuva kwekhefu lehora-10 ekudleni kokudla, futhi okwesibili amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuba isiguli siphuze isixazululo ngo-75 g we-glucose.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekiswa uma, ngaphezu ushukela wokuzila okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / L), i-hyperglycemia ngaphezulu kwe-11.1 mmol / L ngemuva kokuvivinya umzimba kutholakele. Uma kunesidingo, osemusha wabelwa isifundo esingeziwe: ukuhlaziya umchamo ngoshukela, ukuzimisela kwemizimba ye-ketone yegazi nomchamo, ukutadisha okujwayelekile kwe-glycated hemoglobin, ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical.
Izimbangela zoshukela wegazi ongaziwa
Osemusha angaba namanani aphansi kashukela wezifo zesisu namathumbu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezakhamzimba, izifo zesikhathi eside ezinzima ezingapheli, i-pathology yesibindi noma izinso, ubuthi, ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlukumezekile nezinqubo zamathumbu.
Izimpawu zokunciphisa ushukela zingaba: isiyezi, indlala eyandayo, ukungabekezeleleki, izinyembezi, ukuqhaqhazela namalunga, ukwehluleka. Ngokuhlaselwa kanzima, ukwehluleka kanye nokwenza umthambo kungenzeka. Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypoglycemia uwukusebenzisa ngokweqile izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic.
Ushukela wegazi ophakeme uvame ukuba uphawu lwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba wuphawu lomsebenzi owedlulele we-gland yegland noma i-adrenal gland, izifo zesifo esisesikhathini, i-pancreatitis eqeda futhi engalapheki, ukuthatha imishanguzo equkethe ama-hormone, izidakamizwa ezingezona ze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-diuretics nama-antihypertensives.
I-hyperglycemia ehlala isikhathi eside futhi inzima iholela kulezi zinkinga:
- I-Hyperosmolar coma.
- Ketoacidosis kushukela.
- I-Polyneuropathy.
- Ukuphazamiseka ekunikezelweni kwegazi ngenxa yokubhujiswa kodonga lwe-vascular.
- Ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zezinso ngokuthuthukiswa kokwehluleka kwe-renal okungamahlalakhona.
- Umbono wehlisiwe ngenxa yezifo ze-retina.
Njengoba umzimba wentsha uthinta kakhulu ukuguquguquka kushukela wegazi, lapho kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele ngesizathu sokwephulwa kwezinga likashukela wegazi, lezi ziguli zisalele ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, amantombazane angaba nokuphambuka kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Izingane zivame ukuhlaselwa yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-insulin noma ngamaphilisi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ukuze wehlise ushukela, ukudla kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuqapha njalo i-glycemia ne-carbohydrate metabolism.
Yiziphi izinkomba zeglucose yegazi ezijwayelekile ezizotshela ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
