Insimbi itholakala ngemuva kwesisu, ilele ngokuningana futhi ngosayizi ifinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu.
I-pancreas enempilo inombala opinki.
Futhi uma lesi sitho sitholakala kunoma yisiphi isifo, siba mpunga, sibe buthuntu, sixege futhi sibe nobubi.
I-topography yesitho imelelwa izingxenye eziningana ze-anatomical:
- Isidumbu, esisemgodini we-duodenum,
- I-lobe yangakwesobunxele noma i-gastric lobe, eduzane ne-curvature encane yesisu bese ifinyelela ku-spleen kanye nezinso zesokunxele,
- I-lobe kwesokudla, noma i-duodenal lobe, efinyelela izinso ezifanele.
Ubunzima be-heterogeneity ye-pancreas akusona isifo esizimele. Kwezokwelapha, kubhekwa njengophawu lwe-anomaly. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwesitho sisebenzisa i-ultrasound.
I-Diffuse-heterogenible pancreas ingaba yinkomba yokuba khona kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zama-pancreas, kufaka phakathi i-pancreatitis.
Amanyikwe yisitho esikhulu esikhulu futhi esibalulekile. Yenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwejusi le-pancreatic, elibamba iqhaza ekugayweni kokudla. Uma kunokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wesitho sonke, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kungabhekwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwama-pancreas kunqunyiwe uma kunezinkinga ngakho esekuvezile futhi kunezimpawu ezishaqisayo. Uma kutholakele i-heterogeneity yesitho ethize, kubalulekile ukwenza izifundo ezizokhomba kahle imbangela yokwenzeka kwayo.
Enye yezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi ukungondleki kanye nokudla okungenampilo, noma kunjalo, lezi zinto ngokuvamile zibangela ukuvela kokwephulwa okufananayo kwesakhiwo sesitho. Izimbangela zokusebenzisa kabi i-heterogeneity ye-pancreas kungaba ezilandelayo:
- I-subacute pancreatitis. Lesi simo yi-harbinger ye-pancreatitis eyingozi noma ukwanda kwefomu lesifo okungalapheki. Lokhu kudalwa kwezifo kungenzeka isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwendlala kushintsha ngokungasho lutho, kanti nezimpawu (imvamisa esiswini, isicanucanu, izinhlungu ezinzima) zibuthakathaka. Uma ungalandeli ukudla, isikhathi se-subacute sizophenduka isifo esibuhlungu kakhulu, okuyisifo esiyingozi nesingathandeki neze;
- I-pancreatitis engapheli Lesi sigaba ungaqhubeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngefomu elimfushane le-exacerbation aliveliveki, cishe izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngonyaka. Ifomu elinzima libonakala ngokuvama kakhulu ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, ushintsho ku-ultrasound alubonakali, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sokuxwalwa kwe-pancreatitis engapheli, ukwakheka kwesitho kubonakala njengento ephakeme ngokweqile;
- I-pancreatic cyst. Uma i-heterogeneity yesitho ibangelwa ama-cysts, okuyizinto ezisezithanjeni zesibeletho esigcwele uketshezi, yi-ultrasound ichazwa njengezakhiwo ezinciphise ubuchopho;
- Tumor Izimila ezinobungozi kanye nama-benign nazo zingatholwa yi-ultrasound njengezingxenye eziphezulu zesakhiwo. Izifo ze-oncological zishintsha ukwakheka kwesitho esivele esigabeni sokuqala.
Izimpawu zezifo ze-pancreatic ukuhlanza kwenhliziyo njalo, ukugabha, usizi nobuhlungu esiswini, ukuqothuka, ukuqunjelwa okungapheli noma isifo sohudo, ukulahleka kwesifiso.
Zingavela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene wokuqina. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinye izifo ziqala ngokwe-asymptomatic.
Diagnose faka i-heterogeneity usebenzisa i-ultrasound. Le yinqubo elula futhi engenhlungu, lapho kuhlolwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound, kudlula futhi kuboniswe izicubu nezitho zomzimba, ngenkathi kuboniswa isithombe esikrinini. Ngaphezu kwe-ultrasound yezifo zamanyikwe, kunikezwe izinqubo ezilandelayo ezizovumela udokotela ukuthi ahlonzeke ngokunembile futhi kucace ngokuphelele:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Endoscopic;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-biochemistry) kanye ne-histology ukuhlola izinkomba ze-pancreatic;
- I-CT noma i-MRI, enganikezwa uma kusolwa ithumba.
Kwi-pancreatitis ebukhali, batusa ukuhlala ekudleni okuqinile izinsuku ezimbalwa, baphuze kakhulu ukuvuselela umzimba. Kuyadingeka ukushiya uphuzo oludakayo, kudla ukudla ngokulingana. Musa ukusebenzisa ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe, okubhemayo, okunezipayisi ekudleni. Kwi-pancreatitis nezinye izifo zepancreas, ama-enzymes wokugaya avame ukubekwa, anciphisa umthwalo esitho, athuthukise ukugaya futhi angabi ne-contraindication eqinile. Ungazithatha isikhathi eside, uma kunesidingo (izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka ngezikhathi).
Izinkomba zokulaliswa esibhedlela nge-pancreatitis engapheli zifaka ukubonakala kokuqhamuka kwesifo, lapho umuntu ezwa khona izinhlungu ezinzima, ezingeke zimiswe yimithi esetshenzisiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda komgudu wokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi ama-pancreas, yi-ultrasound, izici ezibonakalayo zisetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa okulula nokucacile:
- Okumhlophe, okwenzeka lapho inqubo yokuvuvukala okunobunzima ivela ezicutshini zesitho. Uma i-pancreas imhlophe, izinqubo ze-necrobiotic zikhula kuma-pancreatocytes abangelwa ukuzilulazula ngokuzenzakalela, ama-enzyme aqukethe kuwo (amylase, lipase, proteinase). Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kokuphuma kwe-enzymes, ukuqina kokugeleza kwegazi kwe-arterial ne-venous emzimbeni wesitho, ukuvuvukala kwe-parenchyma (ingxenye yamangqamuzana omzimba nokukhamba). Ngenxa yalokhu, usayizi wesitho uyanda, nobukhulu buyancipha. Kungakho udokotela ebona isithombe esisobala samanyikwe amhlophe esibukweni sedivayisi;
- Kugqamile. Isici se-lipomatosis ukushintshwa kwama-pancreatocytes ngamaseli wamafutha anamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima endaweni. Izici eziningi zabantu asebekhulile, njengokukhombisa izinqubo ze-senilengoution ezithweni nasezithanjeni, futhi kwenzeka kwisizukulwane esincanyana ngenxa yokwanda kwesisindo somzimba esihambisana nokukhuluphala. Kulokhu, ubukhulu kanye nesimo sendlala asishintshi. Njengoba izicubu ze-adipose zivunyelwe ngokuphelele ku-ultrasound, futhi izindawo ezisele ze-parenchyma azikho, ukubukeka kwensimbi kuchazwa njengokukhanya;
- UMotley. Kukhona iqembu elibanzi lezifo ezithinta i-parenchyma yesitho ezigabeni noma emabhendini angalingani. Isici sokuqala se-pathogenetic singamelwa ngokuhlukahluka kwe-vascular and ductal. Ekuqaleni, umkhumbi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana nezicubu ezihambisana nawo kuyathinteka. Kubonwa nge-microthrombosis, embolism kanye ne-atherosulinosis. Esimweni sesibili, i-duct ivinjwe ngamatshe amancane noma i-spasm ephikelelayo yamaseli wemisipha ebushelelezi. Kulokhu, kuqongelela ukuvela kokuqhekeka, okubhubhisa futhi kulimaze izicubu zesitho .. Ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka nokusakazeka kwalezi zinqubo, i-iron ingxenye ivele ibe yizingxenye zezicubu ze-adipose nezithintekayo, ezibonakala ngesimo semivimbo, amabala noma imigqa esontekile. Ukuqapha kuboniswa ama-pancreas ahlukahlukene ngenxa yobunzima obahlukahlukene.
- Mnyama. Kubonwa ngokuwohloka okukhulu kwama-pancreatocytes ngokuqamba ukwakheka kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe kuyo yonke ivolumu, isakhiwo se-gland sithola ukuthobeka okuphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuyisigaba sokugcina kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala zemvelaphi ehlukahlukene noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic e-systemic. Izinguquko ezinesizungu futhi ezihle nge-ultrasound zakha isithombe esithathwa njenge- "pancreas emnyama."
I-pancreatic necrosis inqubo evezwa ngokufa kwezicubu ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ezihlukumezanayo, ezibhekiswe ekulimazeni kwesitho esibuhlungu futhi esingalapheki. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-necrosis kwenzeka uma ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwama-pancreas kubambezelekile.
Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngesilonda esidume ngokuba khona kwe-atherosclerotic vasical asebekhulile nase-senile, kwesinye isikhathi kuba ne-thrombosis ne-pancreatic infarction.
Imbangela yabo ingaba yizicucu ezincane zegazi kanye ne-embolism evela kwi-atrium yangakwesobunxele enesiphene senhliziyo, ene-endocarditis ethelelekile, i-embolism evela ku-atheromatous plaque. Kukholakala ukuthi kulezi zimo, i-emboli ifaka ezinye izitho ezahlukahlukene: izinso, umgogodla, isibindi, njll. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwama-anticoagulants kanye ne-aortography kungenzeka kube yizici ezivusa inkimbinkimbi nokuqukethwe kwezigcweti ze-atheromatous, ngoba lezi zinto zinomthelela ekwahlukaniseni okuqukethwe okuvela ezigcotsheni ze-atherosulinotic .
I-Apoplexy kanye ne-pancreatic infarction, okungenani ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, ihluke ku-pancreatitis e-hemorrhagic pancreatitis esezingeni eliphakeme ngenqubo ye-morphological ngenqubo yabo elinganiselwe, eqinile ye-hemorrhagic.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa emnyangweni wokuhlinzwa wesibhedlela ngokuya ngemigomo ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwe-pancreatitis ye-acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Izifo ze-pancreatic zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
