Iqiniso elaziwayo ukulimala kwe-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni. Ukwedlula lokhu kudla kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi i-cholesterol ingaba yimbi futhi ilungile.
I- "cholesterol" enhle "iyinto ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba womuntu, kuyilapho i-cholesterol" embi "nokuqhela kwayo kungadala ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvela kwama-sclerotic plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
Amalungiselelo wokwehlisa i-cholesterol kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwayo kuchazwe ngezansi. Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol embi kungumsebenzi oyinhloko weqembu elithile lemithi. Kunamaqembu athile ayinhloko ala mathuluzi, okungukuthi:
- Izimo Babhekwa njengabakhiqiza kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo. Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza ukunciphisa umkhiqizo we-cholesterol, onomthelela omubi empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sigaba sezidakamizwa sinomphumela omuhle ku-lipid metabolism, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol "enhle".
- Izicucu. Zisendaweni yesibili ngokuya ngokuthandwa. Umphumela omkhulu uyatholakala ngenxa ye-enzyme esebenzayo kakhulu ekhuthaza ukuqhekeka kwe-cholesterol "embi".
- Izikhathi zokuhlukaniswa kwama-bile acid. Le mishanguzo iphazamisa ukufakwa kwamafutha ngqo emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihloselwe ukubopha ama-bile acids kanye nokuphuma kwawo emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwalawa ma-asidi evela kwizithako ze-cholesterol iyasebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwehla kwenani le-cholesterol egazini.
- Izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-nicotinic acid. Umphumela wale mishanguzo ukwehlisa ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukugqugquzela kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa amafutha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi namachaphaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishanguzo inomthelela ekwenzeni i-cholesterol "enhle".
- Izithasiselo noma izithasiselo zokudla. Inhloso enkulu yokusebenzisa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ziqukethe kuphela izakhi zezitshalo ezinemvelaphi yemvelo. Azinangozi. Ayikho imiphumela emibi evela ekusetshenzisweni.
Zonke lezi zidakamizwa zitholakala nge-assortment enkulu, kepha ukuthatha noma iyiphi yazo kudinga ukubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.
Izimbangela ze-High Cholesterol
Izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ngenxa yokudlula kwe-cholesterol embi. Banciphisa izinga lama-lipoprotein ayingozi. Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma ngqo ngezidakamizwa ezinjalo, ukwakheka kwazo nendlela yokuchayeka emzimbeni.
Ngokusho kodokotela, izinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol lingadala izizathu ezihlukile ngokuphelele, kanti phakathi kokuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko:
- izinga eliphansi lokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wokuhlala phansi, ngenxa yokuthi ukuqedwa kwe-cholesterol eyeqile kuncishiswa kakhulu;
- ukondliwa okungafanele, okungukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okusheshayo, ufulawa, ushukela, njll., ezimweni eziningi, umuntu wesimanje udla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, imvelaphi yezilwane, okunomthelela omubi emzimbeni;
- ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi kubi kakhulu isimo semithambo yegazi futhi kuholele ekukhuliseni i-cholesterol;
- Izici zofuzo, okuwukuthi ifa, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphazamiseni umzimba;
Izifo ezingamahlalakhona nazo zingaba imbangela yokwanda kwe-cholesterol.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, ukusebenza kwezinso nezinso,. othambekele kakhudlwana kwi-atherossteosis.
Ukulungiselela kwe-cholesterol
Njengoba sekushiwo, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Okulandelayo, sibheka amaqembu athandwa kakhulu futhi asebenzayo wezidakamizwa, kanye nezici zokusebenzisa kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa ezaziwa kakhulu ezinhloso yazo eyinhloko yokuguqula i-cholesterol ngama-statins. Vimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-LDL (low density lipids) futhi banegalelo ekuwohlokeni kwabo, kanye nasekukhishweni kwegazi. Ngokwengqungquthela, lesi sigaba sezimali sihlukaniswe izizukulwane ezine, kuya ngokuthi sakhiwa nini futhi sasebenza kwezokwelapha.
Okokuqala, ama-statins esizukulwane sokuqala, yiSimvastatin, iPravastatin neLovastatin. Le mishanguzo ayinamphumela ongcono enkingeni futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, imvamisa iholela ekubonakaleni kwemiphumela emibi. Ama-static wesizukulwane sesibili akhiwa ngezidakamizwa ezenziwa nge-fluvastatin. Aqukethe into esemqoka esebenzayo ephumelelayo yesikhathi eside sokusebenzisa umuthi. Ngokuvamile, le mishanguzo inemiphumela emibi.
I-Atorvastatin isidakamizwa sesizukulwane sesithathu. Isici saleli qembu lezidakamizwa akuyona nje kuphela ukwehla kwamazinga e-LDL, kodwa futhi nokwanda kancane kancane kwe-cholesterol enhle. Izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sesine zibandakanya uRoxer, Akort, Rosulip, Tevastor nabanye. Bahlanganiswe yinto eyodwa esebenzayo, okuyi-rosuvastatin. Lesi sigaba sithandwa ngokuphepha okukhulu nokusebenza kahle. Izindleko ezisondele kwezidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku:
- i-simvastatin kuma-ruble angama-ruble ayi-100-600, kuya ngomkhiqizi;
- i-atorvastatin - kusuka kuma-ruble amaRussia angama-200 kuya kwangama-800;
- i-rosuvastatin - isuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwangama-1000, kanti izidakamizwa kulesi sisekelo zifaka imithi efana ne-Acorta, Crestor, Rosucard nezinye.
Ngokuqondene nemiyalo esetshenzisiwe, khona-ke zonke izigaba zama-statins kufanele zisetshenziswe ntambama, ngenxa yokuthi ikakhulukazi i-cholesterol ikhiqizwa ngqo ebusuku.
Ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa eziphambili, odokotela batusa ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-coenzyme Q10 ngenani lama-200 mg ngosuku, okuzosiza ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda imiphumela emibi.
Ama-asidi e-Fibroic nokusetshenziswa kwawo
Amafutha yizidakamizwa zesibili ezaziwa kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Okokuqala, umphumela walezi zidakamizwa uhlose ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-LDL futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukhuphule izinga le-HDL noma i-cholesterol ezuzisayo. Ama-fibrate aqale ukulethwa yi-clofibrate, eyayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-vasher atherosulinosis futhi yaba nemiphumela emibi eminingana.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvela okuvikelekile kwaleli qembu lezidakamizwa kwaqala ukubonakala, okunciphisa izinga lamafutha acid emzimbeni futhi kuthuthukisa umphumela wezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kushukela. Ngokwemiyalo, izidakamizwa zaleli qembu zifakwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nababolekayo, abantu abanokwehluleka kwesibindi nezinso. Ukugula kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla kanye nepheshana emathunjini kudinga ukuqaphela lapho kuyasetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fibrate awasetshenziswa nezinye izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuwaphuza.
Ama-sequestrants asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha zesimanje, ngenkathi zisetshenziswa, zombili ngokuzimela futhi njengezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwelapha, phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezidumile, iKolesevelam neColestipol zingahlukaniswa. Umphumela omkhulu walesi sigaba semithi ukuvimba ukumuncwa kwama-bile acid nge-cholesterol ukuze asheshe akhishwe emzimbeni. Babhekwa njengabaphephe kakhulu, kepha kumele baphathwe ndawonye ne-folic acid nezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-iron.
Izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-nicotinic acid noma i-niacin zithandwa kakhulu ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yegazi futhi zinciphise namathuba okuqhekeka kwegazi. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa linemiphumela emibi eminingana, mayelana nalokho okunconyelwa ngalo hhayi nje kuphela ukubonana nodokotela kusenesikhathi, kodwa futhi nokuqala ukubaphuza ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu ongabakhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha njalo nokubhekwa ngudokotela kuyadingeka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zokudla kudumile impela, kepha ngokusho kodokotela - lokhu kuyisijobelelo kuphela esingasetshenziswa ngqo njenge-prophylaxis yalesi sifo. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu yiPolicosanol, Omega forte, Tykveol, lipoic acid, Sitopren nabanye.
Izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu i-lipoic acid, izindleko zazo cishe zingama-ruble angama-30 ukuya kwangama-40. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izidakamizwa (ama-ruble ayi-150-600), le ntengo yiyona engabiza kakhulu.
Izindlela zokulawula i-cholesterol eyengeziwe
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokwelashwa, ukwelashwa kwe-cholesterol ephezulu kungenzeka futhi nangezinye izindlela. Okokuqala, kufanele ulandele ekudleni futhi uphile impilo esebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kubalulekile futhi ukuyeka imikhuba emibi. Kuyadingeka ukufaka ukudla okunempilo okwehlisa i-cholesterol nokuhlanza imikhumbi ekudleni. Izinhlanzi eziwusizo zolwandle nezasemfuleni, inyama engenamafutha, imifino ehlukahlukene nezithelo, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yobisi olunoshukela olungenawo fat, kanye netiye eliluhlaza. Iwusizo kakhulu kulokhu nakwezinye izifo ugarlic.
Enye indlela ethandwa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yi-Ezetimibe, izindleko zazo ezisukela ezinkulungwaneni ziye ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Lesi sidakamizwa singolohlobo olusha lwezidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-lipid, ngoba zithinta umzimba ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe ama-nicotinic acid kanye nokuphuma kwawo. Le nto futhi inezinye izimfanelo ezinhle, okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ukukhula kokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin, ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic emzimbeni, ukuqeda izinto ezinobuthi, njll.
Kufanele futhi sigxile kwimithi ye-hypolipidemic, ikhathalogi yayo ebanzi impela. Ngosizo lwabo, awukwazi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol kuphela, kodwa futhi:
- yenza buthaka ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo;
- yehlisela umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- thuthukisa izinkomba ze-rheological, okungukuthi, zinomthelela ekujuleni kwamanzi;
- neqhaza ekuphumuleni nasekunwetshisweni kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi;
- vimbela ukwanda kwama-atherosclerotic plaque.
Le mishanguzo isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izifo ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yenhliziyo nobuchopho, ukuvimbela ukushaywa yisifo, ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukunciphisa izinqubo ze-atherosclerotic, njll.
Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-cholesterol nazo zinemiphumela emibi eminingana, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, abantu abanezifo ezingalapheki kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ukubonakala kobuhlungu emisipha, okuthi ezimweni eziningi kufane nemizwa eyenzeka ngesikhathi sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana emisipha akuvamile kakhulu, lapho kukhululwa khona amaprotheni e-myoglobulin, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
- Enye imiphumela emibi esejwayelekile emzimbeni ukubukeka kokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa esemaphakathi ngendlela yememori nokucabanga okungahambi kahle. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ziyafana nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
- Kwezinye izimo, amazinga aphezulu ama-enzyme wesibindi ayabonakala, okungaholela ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umphumela onobuthi wezidakamizwa emzimbeni uyakhuphuka futhi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ivele. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthatha ukuhlaziywa okukhethekile ukubona isimo sesibindi njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3. Uma imiphumela iba yimbi, izidakamizwa ziyakhanselwa.
- Kwezinye izimo, kuba nokukhanda kanye nenhliziyo, izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu, ukusabela komzimba, ukubukeka kokuhlasela kwesifuba somoya, njll.
Ngamanye amagama, kunezindlela eziningi zokuthi kungenzeka ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ngamunye wabo unquma ukusebenza kwabo ngempumelelo kunabo bonke ngokwakhe. Kwanele ukujwayelana nokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende amaningi ukuqonda ukuthi umuthi othile ungasebenza kangakanani.
Izimo zichaziwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
