I-Humulin iyindlela yokunciphisa ushukela wegazi - i-insulin esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Kuyi-DNA ephindayo ye-pancreatic DNA.
Impahla yayo eyinhloko ukuphathwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
Phakathi kokunye, lo muthi ubonakala ngemiphumela ye-anabolic ne-anti-catabolic kwezinye izakhiwo zezicubu zomzimba womuntu. Emisipha, kunokwanda kokuqoqwa kwe-glycogen, okunamafutha acid, i-glycerol, kanye nokwanda kwamaprotheni kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwama-amino acid.
Kodwa-ke, ukuncishiswa kwe-glycogenolysis, i-gluconeogeneis, i-lipolysis, i-protein catabolism kanye nokudedelwa kwama-amino acid kungalandelelwa. Le ndatshana ichaza ngokuningiliziwe umuthi oyisilungu esikhundleni se-pancreatic hormone ebizwa ngeHumulin, ama-analogues awo nawo angatholakala lapha.
Ama-Analog
I-Humulin ilungiselelo le-insulin elifana nelomuntu, elibonakaliswa yisikhathi sobude besenzo.
Njengomthetho, ukuqala komphumela wayo kuqashelwe emaminithini angama-60 ngemuva kokuphathwa okuqondile. Umphumela omkhulu utholakala cishe amahora amathathu ngemuva komjovo. Isikhathi sethonya sisuka emahoreni ayi-17 kuye kwangama-19.
NPH
Into eyinhloko yesidakamizwa uHumulin NPH yi-isophan protamininsulin, efana ngokuphelele nomuntu. Inobude besikhathi besenzo. Kunqunyelwe isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin.
Imvamisa, ochwepheshe bancoma lapho belungiselela isiguli esinezinkinga zalesi sisekelo se-endocrine sokuhlinzwa. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukulimala okungathi sína noma ukugula okuthe xaxa okuthelelekayo.
I-Humulin NPH
Ngokuqondene nomthamo walesi sidakamizwa, esimweni ngasinye kukhethwa udokotela ohambela yena uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, inani leHumulin NPH lincike esimweni jikelele sempilo sesiguli.
Lapho usebenzisa i-Humulin NPH ngendlela yayo emsulwa, kufanele iphathwe cishe kabili ngosuku. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngomjovo ongaphansi.
Imvamisa, isidingo seHumulin NPH singakhula ngezikhathi zokugula kakhulu kanye nengcindezi. Iyabhebhetheka ngenkathi uthatha imishanguzo ethile ngomsebenzi we-glycemic (ekhulisa amazinga kashukela).
Udinga futhi ukuphathwa ngobuningi lapho usebenzisa izivimbamlomo zokuvimbela inzalo, ama-corticosteroids, kanye nama-hormone egilo.
Kepha maqondana nokunciphisa umthamo wale nhlangano ye-insulin, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezimweni lapho isiguli sinokuhlupheka kwe-renal noma hepatic.
Futhi, isidingo se-hormone yokufakelwa kwe-pancreatic siyancipha ngenkathi siyithatha ngama-inhibitors we-MAO, kanye ne-beta-blockers.
Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi, okuphinyiselwe kakhulu ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lamafutha ezicutshini ezingaphansi. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi i-lipodystrophy. Futhi, kaningi, iziguli zibona ukumelana ne-insulin (ukungabikho ngokuphelele komphumela ekuphathweni kwe-insulin) ngenkathi zisebenzisa le nto.
Kepha ukusabela kwe-hypersensitivity kusithako esisebenzayo somuthi asilandelwa. Kwesinye isikhathi iziguli zibika ukungezwani okunamandla okuphawulwa yisikhumba esinyanyayo.
Njalo
I-Humulin Regular inomphumela obizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoglycemic. Isithako esisebenzayo yi-insulin. Kufanele ifakwe ehlombe, ethangeni, emabhuthini noma esiswini. Kokubili ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscular and intravenous kungenzeka.
Humulin Njalo
Ngokuqondene nethamo elifanele lomuthi, kunqunywa kuphela ngudokotela ohambela yedwa. Inani leHumulin likhethiwe ngokuya ngokuqukethwe koshukela egazini.
Njengoba wazi, umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo uvunyelwe ukuphathwa kanye neHumulin NPH. Kepha ngaphambi kwalapho, udinga ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe imiyalo yokuxuba le misulini emibili.
Lesi sidakamizwa sikhonjiswa ukuthi sisetshenziswe ngefomu lesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, i-hyperglycemic coma (ukulahleka kwengqondo, okubonakala ngokuntuleka okuphelele kokuphendula komzimba ekuthinteni okuthile okuvela ngenxa yokwenyuka okuphezulu kwamazinga we-glucose emzimbeni), kanye nokulungiselela isiguli esiphethe le nkinga ye-endocrine, ekungeneleleni kokuhlinzwa.
Kubuye kubhekiselwe ukulimala kanye nezifo ezithinta izifo ezithinta abanesifo sikashukela.
Ngokuqondene nesenzo sokuthathwa kwemithi, umuthi yi-insulin, efana ngokuphelele nomuntu. Idalwe ngesisekelo seDNA ephindayo.
Inochungechunge oluqondile lwe-amino acid lwe-pancreatic hormone yabantu. Njengomthetho, umuthi ubonakala ngesenzo esifushane. Ukuqala komphumela wayo omuhle kubonwa cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuphathwa okuqondile.
M3
I-Humulin M3 iyi-ejenti enamandla nesebenzayo ye-hypoglycemic, okuyinhlanganisela yama-insulin amafushane naphakathi nendawo.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yesidakamizwa ingxube ye-insulin engumbala womuntu kanye nokumiswa kwe-isofan insulin. I-Humulin M3 iyi-insulin ephinda i-insulin yabantu. Kungukumiswa okungajwayelekile.
Humulin M3
Ithonya eliyinhloko lesidakamizwa libhekwa njengokulawulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Phakathi kokunye, lesi sidakamizwa sinomphumela oqinile we-anabolic. Kwimisipha nezinye izakhiwo zezicubu (ngaphandle kobuchopho), i-insulin ivusa ukuhanjiswa okusheshayo kwe-glucose kanye ne-amino acid, ukusheshisa amaprotheni anabolism.
I-pancreatic hormone isiza ukuguqula i-glucose ibe yisibindi se-glycogen, ivimbela i-gluconeogeneis futhi ivuselele ukuguqulwa kweglucose ngokweqile ibe yi-lipids.
I-Humulin M3 iboniswa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezifweni nasezimweni zomzimba, njengokuthi:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus lapho kunezinkomba ezithile zokwelashwa ngokushesha kwe-insulin;
- kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sokuqala;
- ukuzala ingane enalesi sifo se-endocrine sohlobo lwesibili (okungaxhomekeki kwe-insulin).
Izici ezihlukanisayo
Izici ezihlukile zezindlela ezihlukile zomuthi:
- I-Humulin NPH. Kungokwesigaba sama-insulin aphakathi nendawo. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezinde ezisebenza njenge-substitute for the pancreatic hormone, umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo unqunyelwe abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Njengomthetho, isenzo saso siqala imizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokuphathwa okuqondile. Futhi umphumela omkhulu ubonwa ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthatha amahora angama-20 ngokulandelana. Imvamisa, iziguli zisebenzisa imijovo eminingana ngasikhathi sinye ngenxa yokubambezeleka isikhathi eside esenzweni salo muthi;
- Humulin M3. Ingxube ekhethekile yama-insulin amafushane. Izimali ezinjalo ziqukethe inkimbinkimbi ye-NPH-insulin ende ne-pancreatic hormone ye-ultrashort kanye nesenzo esifushane;
- Humulin Njalo. Kusetshenziswa ngezigaba zokuqala zokuhlonza izifo. Njengoba wazi, ingasetshenziswa ngisho nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lesi sidakamizwa singokwesigaba sama-hormone e-ultrashort. Yiqembu leli elikhiqiza umphumela oshesha kakhulu futhi ngokushesha wehlise ushukela wegazi. Sebenzisa umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokudla. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze inqubo yokugaya isize ukusheshisa ukumunca umuthi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ama-hormone esenzo esisheshayo angathathwa ngomlomo. Vele, kufanele baqale balethwe esimweni sewuketshezi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane inezici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:
- kufanele kuthathwe imizuzu engama-35 ngaphambi kokudla;
- ukuqala ngokushesha komphumela, udinga ukufaka umuthi ngomjovo;
- kuvame ukuphathwa ngokungahambi kahle esiswini;
- imijovo yezidakamizwa kufanele ilandelwe yisidlo esilandelayo ukuze uqede ngokuphelele amathuba we-hypoglycemia.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kweHumulin NPH insulin neRinsulin NPH?
I-Humulin NPH iyi-analogue ye-insulin yabantu. I-Rinsulin NPH nayo iyafana ne-pancreatic hormone yabantu. Ngakho-ke uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili?
I-Rinsulin NPH
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi futhi zombili zingamalungu esigaba semithi yesikhathi sokusebenza. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwale mithi emibili ukuthi uHumulin NPH isidakamizwa sakwamanye amazwe, kanti iRinsulin NPH ikhiqizwa eRussia, ngakho-ke izindleko zayo ziphansi kakhulu.
Umkhiqizi
AmaHumulin NPH akhiqizwa eCzech Republic, eFrance nase-UK. IHumulin ejwayele ukwenziwa eMelika. IHumulin M3 ikhiqizwa eFrance.
Isenzo
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, uHumulin NPH ubhekisela ezidakamizweni zesikhathi esiphakathi sokwenza. I-Humulin Regular ihlukaniswa njengesidakamizwa esisebenza ngokweqile se-Ultra. Kodwa iHumulin M3 ihlukaniswa njenge-insulin enomphumela omfushane.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezinhlobo ze-insulin ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Kuyo yonke imininingwane eyethulwe kulesi sihloko, singaphetha ngokuthi ukukhethwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-insulin efanele kakhulu, umthamo wayo nendlela yokufakwa kuncike kwinani lezinto ezihlaba umxhwele. Ukuthola indlela yokwelashwa ephephe kunazo zonke futhi ephephile, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela onguchwepheshe we-endocrinologist oqeqeshiwe.
