I-cholesterol yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi edingekayo kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, i-lipophilic alcohol, ngakho-ke kunembile kakhulu ukuyibiza ngokuthi yi-cholesterol.
Iningi lazo likhiqizwa emzimbeni, futhi inani elincane kuphela eliza nokudla. Cishe ingxenye yamazinga e-cholesterol ephelele ayakhiwa esibindini, cishe ingxenye yesithupha - emathunjini amancane anamaseli akhe akhethekile - ama-enterocytes.
Inani elincane lakhiwa ku-cortical ntho yezindlala ze-adrenal, esikhunjeni kanye nasezindongeni zangasese nowesilisa nowesifazane.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-cholesterol?
Ngasizathu simbe, abaningi bezwe kuphela ngohlangothi olubi lwe-cholesterol.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lapho liphezulu ku-plasma, kuvela isifo okuthiwa yi-atherosclerosis.
Yebo, lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha i-cholesterol inezinto eziningi ezisebenzayo.
Lezi zakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-cholesterol yilezi:
- I-Cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yezingqimba zamaseli;
- Inquma izakhiwo ze-biochemical zeseli;
- I-cholesterol iyinto yokuqala, ngaphandle kwayo ukwakheka kwama-bile acid akunakwenzeka;
- Ngokuzibandakanya ngokuqondile kwe-cholesterol, ukwakheka kwama-hormone ubulili besilisa nabesifazane (androgens kanye ne-estrogens, ngokulandelana) kuyenziwa, okuthinta ngqo umsebenzi wokuzala komuntu.
I-cholesterol ayisebenzi, futhi umzimba awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo. Kepha le ndawo ihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngoba isesimweni samahhala kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-cholesterol ijikeleza ngendlela ehambisana nama-lipoprotein.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lipoprotein - aphansi kakhulu, aphansi, aphakathi nendawo nobukhulu obuphakeme. Okuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu ama-lipoproteins asezingeni eliphansi futhi eliphansi kakhulu. I-cholesterol ehambisana nabo ibizwa ngokuthi "kubi", futhi ukwanda kokuxineka kwayo kuthukuthelisa ukubekwa kwamachaphaza e-atherosclerotic emikhunjini. Ngokuphambene ngokuphelele, ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu abhekwa njengewusizo kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile inkambo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ihlose ukukhuphula izinga le-cholesterol ehambisana nabo.
Uma inani le-cholesterol ephansi-density lipoprotein cholesterol likhuphuka, ama-atherosulinotic amana aqala ukwakha kancane kancane ezindongeni zemikhumbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anda ngosayizi futhi ngokuya ngokuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile.
Ukukhawulelwa kokugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kungabonakala ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene: ukuhlaselwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-angina pectoris (ukucindezela izinhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum), isifo senhliziyo somoya, "ukulimala kwe-claudication", ubuchopho obuphazamisekile kanye nokusebenza kwamathumbu.
Kuyini ukuqinisekiswa kwe-cholesterol?
I-Cholesterol esteration ukusabela kwento eyenzeka nge-cholesterol enamafutha acid. Kwenziwa ukuze i-cholesterol ingabonakali emngceleni phakathi kwe-lipid namanzi. Ukusabela kungenziwa ngaphakathi kweseli nangaphandle kwayo, futhi kuhloswe ngalo ukudlulisa i-cholesterol noma ukuyiguqula ibe yifomu esebenzayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi soguquko, i-lecithin ihlangana ne-cholesterol, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-lyonsocin ne-cholesterol Inqubo yonke ibanjelwe yi-enzyme ebizwa nge-LHAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase).
Umsebenzi wale enzyme ngokuqondile uncike kokuqukethwe kwamazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein. Isebenzisa i-lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase transporter protein, noma i-apo-protein A1.
Njengomphumela we-esterization, i-ester ephumayo ingena kwi-high-density lipoprotein. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-cholesterol enganqunyelwe ngaphandle kwenkimbinkimbi ye-lipoprotein iyancishiswa, futhi ingaphezulu layo lilungele ezinye izingxenyana ze-cholesterol yamahhala.
Ngokuphendula kokukhubazeka, ama-lipoprotein “amahle” asiza ulwelwesi lwamahhala lwama-cell kusuka ku-cholesterol yamahhala, yingakho inenzuzo enkulu kangaka.
Ukusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwe-biochemistry, ama-acid acids afana ne-linoleic, i-Palmitic ne-stearic kuvame ukubandakanyeka ekusabeleni.
Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-cholesterol ephezulu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile amazinga e-cholesterol akhuphuka ngokungenamkhawulo.
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
Okuvame kakhulu kulokhu yile:
- isifiso sofuzo (ufuzo) sokuqothuka kwe-cholesterol ngokweqile;
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala okuthuthukile;
- ukungagcinwa kokudla - uthando ngokweqile lokudla okusheshayo, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okubhemayo nokunosawoti;
- ukuba khona kwesifo se-pancreatic esibizwa ngokuthi yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, lapho kwenzeka khona i-vascular pathologies ingenakugwenywa;
- imvamisa cholesterol ikhuphuka emadodeni kunabesifazane;
- amathuba okuba khona kwe-pathology ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40;
- ukubhema njalo nokuhlala isikhathi eside;
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala;
- ukucindezelwa njalo nokucindezelwa okungokomzwelo;
- ukwenqaba ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo;
- izifo zesibindi kanye ne-yegilo yegilo.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izingqinamba ze-cholesterol zisafakwe emikhunjini, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-anticholesterolemic.
Kungaba izidakamizwa eqenjini lama-statins, i-fibrate, ama-sequence ama-anion-exchange noma izidakamizwa ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nicotinic acid. Kubalulekile futhi ngokulinganayo ukulandela ukudla.
Kuyadingeka ukukhipha amafutha, okuthosiwe nokubhemayo, ukudla okuphezulu emafutheni ezilwane. Esikhundleni salokho, kunconywa ukuthi udle ama-legumes amaningi, inhlanzi, inyama ebusayo, uju, imbewu yefilakisi, izithako zokudla, izaqathi, iklabishi elibomvu, imifino emisha nezithelo.
Okulandelayo, kufanele uqale ukuzivocavoca njalo futhi uzame ukwehlisa isisindo, uma kukhona. Futhi-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhawulela zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukunamathela ezincomweni zikadokotela oholayo futhi ubheke impilo yakho.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo ye-cholesterol inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
