I-Arterial hypertension, noma i-hypertension, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Kungaba ukugula okuzimele noma uphawu lesinye isifo, futhi kungathinta abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala.
Ukusuka kulobu bubi, ngandlela thile, kuthinta okungenani ikota yabantu abadala beplanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme kwabesifazane zivame ukuzwakala kakhulu kunokobulili obuqine, zibangele ukuhlupheka kanye nokulimala okuningi, futhi lesi sifo uqobo saso siba nzima kakhulu.
Izimpawu zokucindezela kwegazi (BP) - inani liyahlukahluka, liyashintshashintsha futhi lincike ezicini eziningi. Imvamisa, umfutho wegazi ungashintsha phakathi nosuku kaninginingi futhi ngisho nemizuzu yonke - ngemuva kokucindezelwa ngokomzimba nangokomqondo, ngemuva kokulala noma inkomishi yekhofi, futhi lokhu kuyinto engokomzimba futhi ayiholeli emiphumeleni emibi. Kunezinkomba ezintathu:
- systolic;
- diastolic;
- ukucindezela kwenhliziyo.
I-Systolic, "ephezulu" - ihlelwe ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwe-ventricle yesokunxele yenhliziyo, i-diastolic, "ephansi" - ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwe-myocardial, ishayela - umehluko phakathi kwabo. Ngokwenkambiso yeWorld Health Organisation, lezi zibalo akufanele zedlule ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-90/90 we-mercury.
Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwezinkomba eziphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi uvame ukuba kuluhlu lwamayunithi angama-30-50, ezinkulu nezincane ziyisikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kunqunywa yizici ezimbili - kungaba ukwephulwa kwethoni lodonga lwe-vascular, noma ukwanda kokusebenza kwe-myocardial. Imbangela yalezi zinguquko ifunwa nangomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Kunezimbangela zomzimba nezokuxineka komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Mayelana nokuzivocavoca komzimba osukushiwo ngenhla - ezemidlalo, injabulo, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi, itiye, utshwala noma ukudla okunosawoti kakhulu, njll. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwanele ukususa isisusa esidabukisayo - futhi ingcindezi ibuyela kokujwayelekile. Kunezizathu eziningi ze-pathological, futhi azikwazi ukuqedwa kalula. Ezidume kakhulu zazo yi-atherosclerosis, ukusebenza kahle kwezinso nezinso ze-thyroid, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ushintsho lwamahomoni nezifo zenhliziyo.
Izimpawu zezimpawu zokucindezela okwandayo
Emncane, abesifazane bezinkinga zomfutho wegazi bavikela amazinga emvelo ama-hormone athile.
Imvamisa, izimpawu zokuqala zomfutho wegazi ophezulu kwabesifazane zivela ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane futhi zifinyelela kumashumi amahlanu.
Ngalesi sikhathi sobudala, indlela yokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini nokuncipha kwethonya lezindlela zokuzivikela ezigcina ithoni ye-vascular eyanele zimpawu.
Izimpawu zincike ezingeni lokukhuphuka kwengcindezi, ebukhoneni nasekuqineni kwezifo ezihambisanayo futhi nesizinda semizwa.
Okuvame kakhulu kubo:
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ithoni yemithambo yobuchopho ishintsha njalo futhi ngokucindezela okukhulayo kukhona umsipha - yingakho ikhanda. Zingacindezela, zifane ne "hoop", imvamisa ezindaweni zesikhashana nezesizungu, zandiswa ukunyakaza, izindandatho, imisindo enkulu nokukhanya okugqamile.
- Ukuzindla, izinhlungu enhliziyweni, ukushesha komoya. Isinye sezitho eziphambili ezibhekiswe ku-arterial hypertension yinhliziyo, futhi ukuhlulwa kwaso kungabonakala ngokungajabuli ngemuva kwe-sternum, nomuzwa wokuphazamiseka, nomuzwa wokuntuleka komoya.
- Isiyezi nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Ubunzima bale mizwa bungasukela kokungabalulekanga kakhulu kuya kokhona okukhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kwekhono lokuphila impilo ejwayelekile.
- Ukuthuthumela. Kungaba ukuthuthumela okujwayelekile noma ukuthuthumela kutholakale kalula - kuze kube ngama-85% abesifazane abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwengcindezi okuzwa le mizwa. Ezimweni ezinzima, ngisho nokukhula kokuhlaselwa okukholisayo kungenzeka. Umuzwa wokuqhaqha uhlala isikhathi eside - okuxaka ngokwengeziwe ubuthakathaka obulandelayo obudalwa ukukhathala kwemicu yemisipha.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu kuya ngokuthi ubukhulu bokwanda kwegazi kuncipha kangakanani. Imvamisa, ukuhlanza kuphindaphindwa, kungenzeka ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwenhliziyo, futhi empeleni akukulethi mpumuzo.
- Ukuqina kanye ne-hyperemia (redness) yobuso. Isibonakaliso esiyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kepha esivame kakhulu esihambisana nokuchichima kwemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kokubomvu okulula, kungahle kube nokuqhekeka kwemikhumbi emincane ebanga i-nosebleeds noma i-hemorrhages ngaphansi kwe-conjunctiva yeso. Kwesinye isikhathi i-nosebleeds inkulu, okunzima ukuyimisa, kepha awudingi ukuba ubesabe, ngaphandle kwalabo abanohlonze kakhulu - lokhu kuyindlela yokunxephezela kubantu yokunciphisa ingcindezi, evimbela ukuqhekeka kwemikhumbi yokugcwala.
Ukubonakala kwalezi zimpawu akusona uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwegazi, kodwa-ke, yisikhathi sokulinganisa ingcindezi futhi uvakashele udokotela.
Ngokuqondene nengcindezi ye-intraocular ne-intracranial, azihlotshaniswa njalo nengcindezi ye-arterial, yize ngezindlela eziningi zinezimpawu ezifanayo.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukuvakashelwa kwe-Therapist, ophthalmologist (ukuhlolwa kwemikhumbi ye-fundus) nodokotela oyi-neurologist kuyimpoqo.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kumama abakhulelwe futhi abakhulelwe
Ngokungafani nabesilisa, ebusheni babo, amazinga emvelo ama-hormone nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-estrogen kuvikela amantombazane ekuqotheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ebusheni, ukuphela kwengozi yokwanda kwengcindezi yegazi ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, ezivame ukukhethwa kabi.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45, amazinga e-estrogen ayancipha, isilinganiso sokushintshwa kwama-hormone, izinkinga ezihlobene nobudala ngemithambo nemithambo yegazi zijoyina.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvela “ukushisa okuvuthayo” okudumazayo, umuzwa wokushisa, ukujuluka, ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukukhuluphala, ukukhulupha ngokweqile - futhi kuvame ukwanda komfutho wegazi.
Ngaphezu kwe-Therapist kanye ne-Cardiologist, kulezi zimo kudingekile ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wezifo zabesifazane onokukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele ukusheshisa ukuzivumelanisa nezinga elithile lama-hormone, futhi lesi simo sizothuthuka ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwegazi elinjalo.
Ngendlela, uma izimpawu ezichaziwe zivele ngisho esemncane - futhi lesi yisikhathi sokuvakashela udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, ngoba lezo zimo zingakhuluma ngezifo zabesifazane ezifihliwe noma ukuqala kokuya esikhathini.
Umfutho obizwa ngokuthi yi-gestational hypertension ukhula kaningi engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa, ngemuva kweviki lama-20 futhi kungenxa yezinguquko ngokomzimba nangama-hormone. Amathuba okubonakala kwezinombolo eziphakeme kwi-tonometer enyuka uma:
- ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini, umfutho wegazi wanda;
- Owesifazane oneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40;
- umlando wesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, noma isifo sezinso.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela balulekwa ukuthi bahlolwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okuhleliwe. Imvamisa ngezinkinga ezinjalo, ukuzalwa kwengane kungenzeka kuphela ngesigaba se-caesarean, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa kungadingeka.
Omama abangabahlengikazi bavame ukuba nezinkinga zokucindezela ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile kwe-banal. Ukuntuleka kokulala, ukudla okungajwayelekile futhi okungenampilo, injabulo kanye nokukhathazeka okungadingekile kungaholela kwizikhalazo ezifanayo njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Isimo siyanda ngeqiniso lokuthi imishanguzo eya komama abasebancane ivame ukuphulwa. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphumula okwanele nokuphumula.
Futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi ubuyekeze kabusha ukudla okujwayelekile futhi ungeze imikhiqizo kumenyu enomthelela ekujuleni kokucindezela kwegazi.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu kwabesifazane
Kwabesifazane, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyinkinga enzima kepha engaxazululwa.
Kunemibandela eminingana okumele ibonwe ukuze kugwenywe izifo zenhliziyo noma ngasiphi iminyaka nokulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Izimo eziphambili yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehla kwesisindo. Amakhilogremu angeziwe ayingozi yokubonakala komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngomfutho wegazi okhona, ukuqeda amakhilogremu ngokweqile kwehlisa ingcindezi. Endabeni yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - lapho uncipha isisindo, ukusebenza kwawo kuyanda, nomthamo wezidakamizwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa. Enye yezindlela ezicacile zokuhlola impilo ukujikeleza okhalweni: kwabesilisa, akufanele kudlule i-102 cm, kwabesifazane - 88 cm.
- Ukufundisa ngokomzimba kanye nemidlalo. Ukulondolozwa kokusebenza ngokomzimba kwabesifazane kuyalingana nokugcina impilo. Into esemqoka ekuzivocavoca ngokomzimba imvamisa yabo nokuvama kwabo; ngcono imizuzu eyi-10-20 nsuku zonke kunamahora amathathu kuya amane ngesonto. Ukuze uthole izinga elivumelekile lemithwalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngokomzimba futhi ngokuzayo ulandele izincomo zikadokotela.
- Ukuhambisana nokudla kokudla okwenzelwe umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Khawulela amafutha wezilwane nosawoti, kudla imifino nezithelo eziningi, ungakhohlwa ngamakhekhe neminye imikhiqizo yamakhehla, phuza uketshezi olwanele, engeza uwoyela wemifino onempilo ekudleni. Futhi uyeke utshwala, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwekofi netiye, ungafaki ukudla okusheshayo. Futhi khumbula ukuthi inhliziyo idinga ukudla nge-potassium eningi, ethinta izinga lomfutho wegazi - ama-apricots omisiwe, ubhanana, omisiwe, amantongomane.
- Ukubhema ukuyeka. Kanye kanye.
- Ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi. Ukuthokozisa ngakunye, ikakhulukazi okubandakanya okungalungile, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo emzimbeni wegazi kuya egazini, okubangela i-vasospasm kanye nokwanda komfutho wegazi. Ukucindezelwa okungapheli - i-spasm engapheli; yindlela okwakhiwa ngayo umfutho wegazi oqinile. Ukusebenza nodokotela wengqondo, amasu ahlukahlukene wokuzindla asiza kakhulu ukunqoba ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kanye nokuqina kwemizwelo.
Futhi kudinga ukubhekwa njalo kwengcindezi yegazi. Azikho kulezi zimpawu ezichaziwe ze-hypertension ezinokwethenjwa ngokuphelele, futhi kuvame ukuba umuntu wesifazane azi ngokuthola kwezinkinga kuphela ngemuva kokufika esibhedlela nge-psychology esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinkinga - isifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, njll. Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile kuphela ezinganikeza isithombe esinembile sesimo futhi zivikele usongo empilweni.
Izimpawu ze-hypertension ziyaxoxwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
