Njengamanje, izifo zesistimu yezinhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, esidala izinkinga eziningi, ziyaqhathanisa. Odokotela bazi konke nge-cholesterol.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi kungani kuthuthukiswa, kungavinjelwa kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwayo nokuthi yini i- "cholesterol" engaqondakali.
Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol iyinto ehlanganiswe kumaseli wesibindi abizwa ngokuthi yi-hepatocytes. Iyingxenye yama-phospholipids, akha ulwelwesi lwe-plasma yamaseli wezicubu. Ingena emzimbeni womuntu kanye nemikhiqizo evela ezilwaneni, kepha lokhu kwenza ama-20% kuphela esamba - okuseleyo kudalwa ngumzimba uqobo. I-cholesterol ibhekisa ku-subtype ye-lipids - i-lipophilic alcohols - ngakho-ke, ososayensi bathi nge-cholesterol njenge "cholesterol." NgesiRussia, zombili izinhlobo zezincazelo ezinembile.
I-cholesterol ingumbhalo wokuqala wokuphendula okuningi kwe-biochemical. IVithamini D yakhiwa kusuka kuyo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet esikhunjeni.3. Ama-hormone ocansi - owesilisa nowesifazane - ahlanganiswa kwi-cortex yezindlala ze-adrenal, futhi afaka i-nucleus enobuthi, kanye ne-bile acids - ekhiqizwa yi-hepatocytes - iyimikhakha yokuphuma kwe-cholesterol ye-cholanic acid enamaqembu e-hydroxyl.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lotshwala be-lipophilic ku-membrane yeseli, izakhiwo zalo zincike ngqo kuzo. Uma kunesidingo, ukuqina kolwelwesi kuyalungiswa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunikeze ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukile noma okumile. Impahla efanayo ivikela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ekuangeni ubuthi be-hemolytic kuwo.
Emangqamuzaneni abantu, kukhona uhlobo olungalawula i-cholesterol futhi oluthinte ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE kwandisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela, kepha ukusebenza ngokungafanele nge-cholesterol kunciphisa amathuba wezifo ezi-coronary.
Izinhlobo ze-lipophilic alcohols
Njengoba i-cholesterol ingeyamakhompiyutha e-hydrophobic, ayincibiliki emanzini, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukujikeleza egazini ngokwayo.
Ukwenza lokhu, kunamathela kumamolekyulu athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-alipoproteins.
Lapho i-cholesterol inamathele kubo, into ibizwa ngokuthi i-lipoprotein.
Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho izinto zokuhamba emgodini wegazi zingenzeka ngaphandle kwengozi yokuvinjwa kwamafutha komsele obizwa ngokuthi i-embolism.
Abahamba ngamaphrotheni banezindlela ezihlukile zokubopha i-cholesterol, isisindo kanye ne-degree solubility. Ngokuya kwalokhu, ngokusho kososayensi nodokotela nge-cholesterol, bahlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ama-lipoproteins we-high density - phakathi kwabantu abaziwa nangokuthi "i-cholesterol enhle", eyaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo anti-atherogenic. Sekufakazelwe ukuthi bathwebula ama-cholesterol ngokweqile kusuka kumaseli bawalethe esibindini ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-bile acid, nasezinhlungwini ze-adrenal, izivivinyo kanye namaqanda ukuze kuvikeleke ama-hormone ocansi ngokwanele. Kepha lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngesilinganiso esiphakeme se-HDL, esitholakala ngokudla ukudla okunempilo (imifino, izithelo, inyama engenamafutha, okusanhlamvu, njll.) Kanye nengcindezi eyanele yomzimba. Futhi, lezi zinto zinomphumela we-antioxidant, okungukuthi, zibopha ama-radicals mahhala odongeni lweseli olungashisi futhi zivikele i-intima ekuqongeleleni imikhiqizo ye-oxidation;
- Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu ahlanganiswe esibindini kusuka kumakhemikhali endo native. Ngemuva kwe-hydrolysis yabo, kwakheka i-glycerol - enye yemithombo yamandla ebanjwa yizicubu zemisipha. Ngemuva kwalokho baphenduka ama-lipoproteins aphakathi nendawo;
- Ama-lipoproteins we-density low - angumkhiqizo wokugcina wokuguqulwa kwe-LPP. Okuqukethwe kwabo okuphezulu kucasula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherossteosis, ngakho-ke igama elithi "cholesterol embi" linengqondo impela;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chylomicrons, amakhulu kunazo zonke izingxenyana, ahlukaniswa ngokuthi i-cholesterol. Kukhiqizwa emathunjini amancane.
Ngenxa yevolumu yazo, ama-chylomicrons awakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwama-capillaries, ngakho-ke ayaphoqelelwa ukuba aqale ukungena kuma-lymph node abese engena esibindini ngokugeleza kwegazi.
Izici Ezilawulwayo Zobungozi
Onke ama-lipoprotein kufanele abe sesimweni sokulinganisa okuzinzile sokukhiqizwa okunengqondo kwezitho nezinhlelo, ngaphandle kwawo wonke ama-pathologies nezinkinga.
Ukuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol ephelele kumuntu ophilile kufanele kwehluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5 mmol / L. Kubantu abanomlando wanoma yisiphi isifo esingamahlalakhona, lezi zibalo zincishiselwa ku-3-4 mmol / L. ingxenyana ngayinye inenani layo elithile. Izindaba zakamuva eziphathelene ne-cholesterol zithi, ngokwesibonelo, "ama-lipid amahle" kufanele okungenani abe yisihlanu kwesisindo sonke.
Kodwa ngenxa yokwenqaba ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (impilo enempilo) kanye nokuqina kwemikhuba emibi, lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Umhlaba wanamuhla ugcwele izinto ezingadala ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypercholesterolemia.
Lezi zinto yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala. Lezi zinto ezimbili zixhunyaniswe ngokungalingani futhi zihlala zihambisana. Ngoba ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubeka engcupheni yokulimala kumanyikwe, lokhu kuzoholela kwesiphene kumaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kanye nokukhuphuka kweglucose. Futhi ushukela ojikeleza ngokukhululeka emgudwini wegazi ulimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi, abangele ama-microtraumas kanye nokwanda kokusabela kokuvuvukala, okungathi, “kuheha” ama-lipids. Ngakho-ke i-atherosclerotic plaque iqala ukwakha;
- Ukubhema - i-tar equkethwe kusikilidi, intuthu ingena emaphashini, noma kunalokho ezingxenyeni zayo ezisebenzayo - i-alveoli. Ngenxa yenethiwekhi yemithambo eminyene ebazungezile, zonke izinto eziyingozi zidlula ngokushesha egazini, lapho zihlala khona ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubangela ukucasuka kolwelwesi kanye nokubonakala kwama-microcracks, khona-ke indlela yokuthuthuka iyefana ne-mellitus yesifo sikashukela - ama-lipoproteins asondela endaweni enesiphene futhi aqongele, anciphise i-lumen;
- Ukudla okungenampilo - ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, okufana nenyama enamafutha (ingulube, iwundlu) namaqanda, kuholela ekukhuleni kokukhuluphala futhi kubangele uchungechunge lwe-pathological yezilonda emithanjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile kuthinta ikhwalithi yempilo, ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona, ukushesha komoya, izinhlungu ezihlangene, umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- I-Hypodynamia - isebenza ngokubambisana nokungondleki, yakha isisindo ngokweqile. Noma kunjalo, ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengozi ye-atherossteosis ngo-15%, udinga ukwenza ezemidlalo kuphela isigamu sehora, futhi lokhu akusindaba;
Isici esengeziwe esidala ukukhula kwe-hypercholesterolemia yi-hypertension ye-arterial - ngokwanda kwezibalo zokucindezela, umthwalo ezindongeni zemikhumbi uyakhuphuka, ngenxa yalokho iba mncane futhi ibe buthaka.
Ubungozi ngaphakathi komzimba
Kodwa-ke, hhayi kuphela izici zemvelo ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherossteosis.
Ungazishintsha, impela uzimisele ngamandla kanye nesifiso.
Kukhona amathonya ekuqaleni abekwe phansi ezimfanelweni zamaseli nezitho zomzimba, futhi angeke ziguqulwe ngumuntu:
- Isizungu. Uma izifo zenhliziyo zivame ukuvela emndenini ofanayo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezofuzo bese uhlaziya ukuthola uhlobo lokuthambekela kwe-hypercholesterolemia APOE, engadluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane ngesizukulwane. Imikhuba yomndeni ekudleni okunomsoco nemidlalo nayo idlala indima, esivame ukugxiliswa kusukela ebuntwaneni - inika amandla umphumela wezakhi zofuzo;
- Iminyaka idlala indima ebalulekile. Lapho umuntu efika eminyakeni engaba ngamashumi amane ubudala, izinqubo zokululama ziqala ukwehla, izicubu zomzimba ziba kancane kancane, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuyehla, ukusebenza komzimba kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Konke lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-coronary;
- Ubulili: Kufakazelwa ukuthi amadoda ahlushwa yizifo kaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekuziphatheni impilo enempilo, bezama ukugcina ubuhle nempilo isikhathi eside, futhi amadoda awazithwali izibopho ngempilo yawo, adla utshwala obuningi futhi abheme nepakethe likagwayi ngosuku.
Kepha iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi azifakwanga (okungukuthi, ezingaguquki) alisho neze ukuthi lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yini.
Uma udla okulungile, udla ukudla okunempilo, uvivinya umzimba okungenani imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngosuku futhi uvivinyelwa udokotela njalo, ungabe ulonda impilo iminyaka eminingi, ngoba konke kuncike esifisweni.
Iqiniso nezinganekwane nge-cholesterol nama-statin
Kunemibono eminingi nge-cholesterol ne-atherosulinosis. Kepha yikuphi kwalokhu okunokwethenjelwa futhi yikuphi okungathembeki?
Umbono 1 - kwehlisa cholesterol, okungcono. Lokhu iqiniso iqiniso eliyiphutha. I-cholesterol "impahla yokwakha" ebalulekile, ibamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-hormone, amavithamini kanye ne-bile acid. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlelo kungakhula, okuzodinga ukulungiswa. Lokhu ukwephulwa komsebenzi wobulili ngenxa yokushoda kwama-hormone, nama-rickets ezinganeni ezinenani elincane le-Vitamin D, ne-anemia, ngoba i-cholesterol iyingxenye yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ubungozi obuyingozi kakhulu ubungozi bokuthola i-neoplasms enesibindi - ngoba ngokuntuleka kwama-lipid, ukwakheka kwama-bile acid kuyaphazamiseka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli kwenzeka kanye nokuvela kwezinkinga. Futhi, i-cholesterol ephansi ingakhombisa ezinye izifo, ezinjenge-hyperthyroidism, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli, isifo sofuba, i-sepsis, izifo ezithathelwanayo nomdlavuza. Uma umuntu ene-cholesterol ephansi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela;
Umbono 2 - uma ungadli imikhiqizo yezilwane, i-cholesterol ngeke ingene emzimbeni. Lokhu kunesizathu esithile. Kuliqiniso ukuthi uma ungayidli inyama namaqanda, i-cholesterol ngeke ivele ngaphandle. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kwenziwa ngasesikhathini kwesibindi, ngakho-ke izinga elincane lizohlala ligcinwa njalo;
Umbono 3 - wonke ama-lipoprotein abamba iqhaza elibi futhi akufanele abe semzimbeni. Umbono wesayensi yilokhu: kukhona okuthiwa yi-anti-atherogenic lipids - avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis ngokudlulisela i-cholesterol esibindini ngokwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha ezivela kuyo;
Umbono 4 - cholesterol ayibangeli isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Imibhalo eminingi ibhaliwe ngalokhu. Lokhu kunembile ngokwengxenye, ngoba i-atherosclerosis ibangela izici eziningi - ukusuka emikhubeni emibi nokudla okungenampilo, ezifweni ezimbi njengokuthi isifo sikashukela, esilimaza imithambo yegazi. I-cholesterol ngokwayo inenzuzo ngisho nomzimba, kepha kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokuhlushwa okulungile futhi okudingekile;
Umbono 5 - kungahle kube ne-cholesterol kawoyela wemifino, ngakho kufanele uyenqabe. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ngempela, akunakubakho cholesterol kawoyela wemifino, kukhiqizwa kumaseli ezilwane kuphela. Ngakho-ke, umkhankaso wokukhangisa ngokuthengisa ngamafutha aphilile ngaphandle kwe-cholesterol awusiwona nje umbono wokuthenga, ngoba awukwazi ukuba yi-priori;
Umbono 6 - ukudla okumnandi akunayo i-cholesterol, ngakho-ke ingozi yezifo ze-coronary incane. Ngempela, azikho i-lipophilic alcohols kumaswidi, kepha lokhu okugcina sekuyingozi enkulu ekudaleni kwesifo sikashukela, okuyingozi ngempela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherosclerosis.
Kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ezindabeni zokudla okunempilo nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Ukuzelapha akusizi, ngoba ama-statins ukuthi i-cholesterol ephansi emithanjeni ngokweqile ingaba yingozi empilweni. Lokhu kudala kutholwa odokotela baseMelika.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-cholesterol axoxwa ngayo kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
