Ama-pancreas womuntu akhiqiza i-insulin ephezulu kakhulu yesisindo.
Uma ngesizathu esithile akwanele, khona-ke amanye ama-sindano angeziwe ale nto kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sempilo.
Izici zesidakamizwa
I-hormone i-insulin yisidakamizwa esinamaprotheni-peptide asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuthile kwesifo sikashukela mellitus. Iyakwazi ukuthonya ngenkuthalo izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, futhi ikakhulukazi kuma-carbohydrate.
Ngenxa ye-insulin, ushukela osegazini kanye nezinga lokufakwa kwawo yizicubu zingancishiswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-glycogen futhi imise ukuguqulwa kwama-lipids nama-amino acid abe ama-carbohydrate.
Ingxenye esebenzayo ye-insulin ithathwa ukuthatha umsebenzi wokwehlisa ushukela we-0,045 mg we-crystalline insulin.
Umphumela wokwelapha emzimbeni wesifo sikashukela uhlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokususwa kweziphazamiso ku-metabolism yansuku zonke ye-lipids nama-carbohydrate. I-insulin ithuthukisa isimo sempilo seziguli ngenxa yokuthi:
- ushukela wegazi uyancipha;
- i-glucosuria (ushukela kumchamo) kanye ne-acetonuria (ukunqwabelana kwe-acetone egazini) kuyaqedwa;
- ukubonakaliswa kwezinkinga eziningi zesifo sikashukela (i-polyarthritis, i-furunculosis, i-polyneuritis) kuncishisiwe.
Uboniswa ngubani nge-insulin?
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa uhlobo lwe-1 sikashukela mellitus (sincike kwe-insulin). Uma ufaka i-hormone kumithamo ephansi (kusuka kumayunithi ayisihlanu kuya kwayi-10), kuzosiza ukuqeda:
- izifo ezithile zesibindi;
- i-acidosis;
- ukulahlekelwa amandla;
- ukukhathala;
- i-furunculosis;
- i-thyrotooticosis.
Kakhulu, umuthi ungasetshenziswa ku-dermatology. I-insulin ingalwa ngempumelelo nesifo sikashukela se-toxidemia, induna, i-eczema, i-psoriasis, i-urticaria, i-pyoderma engamahlalakhona kanye nokulimala kwemvubelo esikhunjeni.
Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-insulin ezenzweni zengqondo nezengqondo ze-neuropsychiatric. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuxhomekeka kotshwala nezinkinga zohlelo lwezinzwa.
Namuhla, ezinye izindlela ze-schizophrenia ziphathwa kahle ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-insulinocomatosis. Inikeza ukwethulwa komuthi emithanjeni enjalo engadala ukushaqeka kwe-hypoglycemic.
Imithetho yokusebenzisa
Ubuningi bamacala, i-insulin ifaka umjovo ongama-subcutaneous ne-intramuscular nge-syringe ekhethekile. Ezimweni ezihlukile, isibonelo ekhefini, ingalawulwa ngokuqondile. I-insulin yokumisa ilawulwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Umthamo wansuku zonke kufanele ukhishwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 futhi njalo ngaphambi kokudla (imizuzu engama-30). Umphumela womjovo wokuqala uqala ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30-60 bese uthatha amahora amane kuya kwayi-8.
Lapho usingathwa kahle, umuthi ufinyelela inani eliphakeme ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60 ukuhanjiswa kwehomoni egazini lesiguli kufinyelele ezingeni layo lokuqala.
Ukubutha ukumiswa kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emjelweni, okuqukethwe yile vial kufanele kuzanyazanyiswe kuze kube yilapho kwakheka ukumiswa okufanayo.
Lapho uqeda isifo sikashukela nge-inulin, kubalulekile ukunamathela ekudleni okukhethekile. Umthamo wesidakamizwa kuleli cala kufanele ukhethwe ngokuqinile ngamunye. Kuzoncika ngokuphelele ku:
- ubukhulu besifo;
- ingakanani i-glucose ekhona kumchamo;
- isimo esivamile sesiguli.
Umthamo ojwayelekile wehluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-10 kuye kwangama-40 ngosuku. Ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, umthamo we-hormone kufanele ukhuphuke kakhulu:
- ngokulawulwa okungaphansi kweziyunithi ezingama-100;
- ngaphakathi kwe-50 amayunithi.
I-toxidermy yesifo sikashukela ihlinzeka ngomthamo we-insulin, oyohlukahluka ngokuya ngobunzima bokugula okungaphansi. Zonke ezinye izimo zomtholampilo azidingi inani lezinto eziphathisiwe.
Ngubani okungafanele afake insulin?
Kukhona contraindication echazwe ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin. Lezi zimo zibandakanya izifo:
- i-hepatitis;
- izilonda zesisu kanye ne-12 duodenal ulcer;
- i-jade;
- i-pancreatitis
- isifo sezinso;
- isifo senhliziyo esibolile.
Imiphumela emibi emzimbeni
Njengomthetho, ukusabela okungekuhle kukhula kuphela ngenxa yokweqisa kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yokuphathwa kwe-intravenous noma i-subcutaneous, ukuqina kwayo egazini kukhuphuka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-glucose ingangeni emzimbeni, khona-ke amathuba okuthuka kwe-hypoglycemic kuphezulu (lapho ushukela wehlela ezingeni elingamukeleki).
Ngokuvamile, i-insulin ephezulu ibangela:
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo njalo;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha obujwayelekile;
- ukuphefumula
- ukujuluka
- ukushushuluza.
Ezimweni ezinzima ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwe-insulin ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo se-carbohydrate (uma ngabe i-glucose ingazange idliwe) kusho ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuqaqanjelwa kanye ne-hypoglycemic coma.
Ukuqeda lesi simo ngokushesha, kuyadingeka ukondla isiguli i-100 g yesinkwa sikakolweni esimhlophe, itiye elimnyama elimnandi noma izipuni ezimbili zikashukela granured ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-hypoglycemia.
Izimpawu ezinkulu zokushaqeka kwesifo sikashukela, i-glucose emthanjeni iyaconsa. Uma kunesidingo, i-glucose ingahanjiswa ngokungagcwele noma i-epinephrine isetshenziswa.
Izici zohlelo lokusebenza
Iziguli ezihlushwa ukungapheleli kwe-coronary kanye nokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho kunquma i-insulin. Ngokuncike ekusebenziseni kwezidakamizwa zokuchayeka isikhathi eside ekuqaleni kokulashwa, kufanele kuhlolwe umchamo negazi njalo nge-glucose. Lokhu kuzonikeza ithuba lokucacisa isikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-hormone sokusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Njengomthetho, ama-insulin okuhlala isikhathi eside awasetshenziselwa izimo ze-precomatose neze-comatose zesiguli. Ngokusetshenziswa okufanayo kwe-lipocaine, umphumela we-insulin uyanda.
Imvamisa, ukwethulwa kwento kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-syringes akhethekile. Ipeni lesirinji lilula kakhulu ukulisebenzisa. Ukuze uwasebenzise, awudingi ukuba namakhono, futhi zonke izingozi zincane. Amasirinji anjalo enza ukuthi sikwazi ukukala ngokunembile imithamo yomuthi futhi ukhiqize umjovo ofanele.
I-Neutral insulin (encibilikayo) ifaka ukwethulwa kwe-drip emthanjeni. Kuyadingeka i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, isingeniso esinjalo singaba ngokuxhamazela.
Lapho isingathwa ngokusebenza ngaphakathi, isixazululo se-isotonic sama-PIECES angama-40 sizolahlekelwa kusuka kumaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-80 ento ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa nezinto zesitsha sokuxazulula kanye nohlelo lokufakwa. Lapho ubala umthamo, kubalulekile ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ucabangele lo mbono. Udinga ukungeza ohlelweni:
- amaprotheni (nge-insulin ligament);
- i-albhamu ye-plasma;
- igazi lesiguli uqobo (ml eziningana).
Uma isingeniso sizohlanganiswa negazi lesiguli, khona-ke ukuhlangana kwe-hormone nezinto zokwenziwa ngeke kwenzeke, isiguli sizothola inani eliphelele lomuthi. Kulokhu, okulula kunazo zonke kungaba isingeniso esisheshayo sesisombululo esigcwalisiwe.
Ukukhishwa kwe-insulin eqinisiwe, ekhipha kancane i-insulin akunakubanjiswa. Isikhathi sokusebenza sama-soluble hormone enale ndlela sizoba sifushane kakhulu kunokuba ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Isenzo saso siqala ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15, kanti inani eliphakeme lifinyelelwa phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-60. Umphumela we-insulin enjalo uphela ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokufaka isicelo.
