Ama-lipids ayizinto ezinonile ezinama-molecule ezinamafutha ezingancibilikisi emanzini. Ukuba yingxenye yama-hormone amaningi nokwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile, zitholakala egazini lomuntu ngesimo se-lipoprotein.
Izinto ezinjalo ziyafana namaprotheni, ngokwazo azinabungozi, kepha ngesifo se-lipid metabolism kanye nokuvela kwe-hyperlipidemia, ingozi yokuthola isifo esibi kangako njenge-atherosclerosis yanda kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-lipids zithululelwa - i-cholesterol, triglycerides ne-phospholipids, ziyehluka ngesakhiwo nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ngokweqile kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni wanoma iyiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, ifomu le-gallstones, ushintsho lwe-metabolism, ama-atherosclerotic deposits ngendlela yamachweba ayabonakala. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezicucu zegazi, imithambo yegazi evinjiwe, futhi ekugcineni ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo nasekushayweni.
Ukuze uthole lesi sifo ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukwenza njalo izivivinyo zaselebhu. Izinga elijwayelekile le-cholesterol kumuntu ophilile lingama-4-6,5 mmol / l, kepha uma lesi sikhombisi sifinyelela ku-7.5 noma ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinga eliphakeme ngosizo lokudla okukhethekile nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
I-cholesterol isebenza njenge-lipid eyinhloko; ifaka phakathi ama-lipoprotein aphansi kwabantu, ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kanye ne-triglycerides. I-LDL ibhekwa njenge-cholesterol embi, yile nto eholela ekuqongeleleni imali enamafutha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, inciphise imithambo yegazi nokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis.
Ama-HDL angama-lipids amahle, avimbela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol, enza ngokwejwayelekile imetabolism futhi alawule isimo somuntu jikelele. Ama-Triglycerides futhi andisa ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo.
Njengoba inezinga eliphakeme le-lipids esegazini, izinto ezinamafutha zinamathela bushelelezi futhi babuye babushelelezi bemithambo. Ukwakheka kwalezi zinkundla kufaka phakathi i-cholesterol, i-calcium nezicubu ze-fibrous. Ngenxa yokwanda kancane kancane kosayizi bokuqongelela, anciphisa ukukhanyisa kwemithambo yegazi futhi kulimaze ukuhamba kwegazi. Lokhu kubangela:
- isifo senhliziyo
- i-myocardial infarction
- kwehlukanisa ukuqina kwemithambo yemikhumbi ephansi,
- i-aortic aneurysm,
- i-mesenteric ischemia,
- ukulimala kobuchopho.
Imvamisa, imiphumela yokuxilonga ikhombisa izibalo eziveziwe uma ngabe ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ngaphandle kokulandela imithetho. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angancoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibili. Kukhona futhi izizathu eziyisisekelo nezesibili zokuthuthukiswa kokuphambuka kusuka esivamile.
Ama-lipoprotein akhuphukile kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi.
- Nge-hyperchilomicronemia, ama-triglycerides kuphela ayanda. Isiguli sinokuzwa ubuhlungu be-paroxysmal esiswini, amabala ansundu noma aphuzi abonwa esikhunjeni. Lolu hlobo lwesifo alubangeli isifo sokuqina kwemizwa.
- Uma udokotela ehlonza i-hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia yomndeni, lokhu kubonisa inani elikhulayo lama-beta-lipoprotein egazini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqina kwe-cholesterol kuyanda, futhi ama-triglycerides ajwayelekile kakhulu. Ama-Xanthomas angatholakala esikhunjeni. Leli fomu livame ukudala i-atherosclerosis kanye ne-myocardial infarction, ngisho nakubantu abasha.
- Endabeni ye-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni nge-hyperlipemia, ukuqoqwa kwe-triglycerides ne-cholesterol kudlalwa kakhulu. Isiguli sinama-xanthomas amakhulu, aqala ukwakha eneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Kukhona ubungozi bokuqongelwa kwama-atherosulinotic plaque.
- Ku-diabetesics nabantu abanesisindo somzimba esengeziwe, i-hyper-pre-beta-lipoproteinemia iyatholakala. I-Pathology ibonakaliswa yizinga eliphakeme lama-triglycerides, kuyilapho i-cholesterol ijwayelekile.
I-atherosclerosis imvamisa iba ngenxa yokubhema, ukuhlala phansi nokuphila ngendlela engafanele, ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, umsebenzi ophansi we-yegilo, i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokuqalwa kokuthola ifa.
Futhi, i-hyperlipidemia ibonwa egugile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, lapho bekhulelwe. Ngokwabo, ukwephulwa kwesigaba sokuqala akuzivezi, bathola i-pathology elabhorethri.
Ukuze uthole lokhu, kuhlolisiswa igazi ne-lipid kwe-cholesterol ngokuphelele.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperlipidemia
Ukuhlola isimo esiphelele sama-metabolism emzimbeni, udokotela unquma ukudlula kwephrofayili noma ukuhlaziya kwe-cholesterol spectrum. Ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhlolwa kwegazi lokuzalwa kuhlola i-cholesterol ephelele, ama-triglycerides, ama-lipoprotein aphezulu, aphansi futhi aphansi kakhulu, ukuqina kwe-atherogenic.
Ukuxilongwa, njengomthetho, kunqunywa uma kunobungozi obuthile bokuthuthukisa i-atherosclerosis ngesikhathi sokubhema, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, i-pathologies ye-inhliziyo, i-arterial hypertension, isifo sikashukela kanye nefa lofuzo.
Kufaka nama-metabolism wamafutha afundwayo uma kukhona isifo senhliziyo noma isiguli sihlaselwe yi-myocardial infarction. Njengoba i-cholesterol iyi-lipid, isimo sayo empeleni sitholakala nezifo zemithambo yegazi.
- Noma ngabe kukhona ama-pathologies amancane, iphrofayili ye-lipid ifundwa kubo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 ngenhloso yokuvikela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Uma kutholakala ukwephulwa, kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwandisiwe
- Abantu abanempilo nezingane bahlola njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Lokhu kuzovumela ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinguquko ezingafuneki futhi kuthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
- Ngesikhathi sokulashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-atherossteosis, i-lipid spectrum ihlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Uma kunomkhuba omuhle, ukuhlaziya kwenziwa kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ngaphambi kokuvakashela umtholampilo, akudingeki ukulungiselela okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwesibonakaliso se-lipid kwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Emahoreni angama-8 ukuya kwele-12, udinga ukwenqaba ukudla, kuphela amanzi wamatafula angenayo i-carbonated avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuthola imiphumela ethembekile, ngosuku olwandulela isiguli kufanele udle njengenjwayelo, ngaphandle kokulandela ukudla okuthile. Imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kocwaningo, ungabhemi, futhi udinga ukuyeka uphuzo oludakayo ngosuku. Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kwenziwa endaweni ethule, ngoba lokhu kunconywa isiguli ukuhlala imizuzu eyishumi ngaphambi kokuvakashela ihhovisi lodokotela.
Izinto zemvelo zalolu cwaningo zithathwa emthanjeni ngenani le-10 ml, emva kwalokho igazi lihanjiswa kubasizi beLaborathri. Imiphumela yokuhlola ingatholwa ngakusasa olulandelayo.
Ukwelashwa kwamazinga aphezulu we-lipid
Udokotela ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa olususelwa eminyakeni yesiguli, ukuba khona kwe-pathologies encane kanye nesimo jikelele sesiguli. Okokuqala, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinga le-cholesterol embi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunendlela elula - yokushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila futhi ubuyekeze indlela odla ngayo.
Kungcono ukushintshela ekudleni okhethekile okwelapha ngaphandle kokudla okunamafutha, uyeke ukubhema notshwala, ngena kwezemidlalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukujwayeza umfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi isifo sikashukela sidinga ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinzuzo zokudla komtholampilo nezindlela zokuthuthukisa isimo esijwayelekile zingatholakala ezinkulumweni ezikhethekile.
Uma lezi zinyathelo zinganciphisi izinkomba ze-lipid eziyingozi, ngaphezu kwalokho kunokushiwo ifa lokuthola isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga nesifo senhliziyo, kunqunywa umuthi.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa:
- Izimo ezivimba ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol egazini;
- Izidakamizwa ezibopha i-acid;
- Izicucu;
- I-Nicotinic acid, i-vithamini B5.
Ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile i-lipid metabolism, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukungena kwamafutha agcwele. Umthamo wansuku zonke we-cholesterol oqondwe ngemikhiqizo awunakuba ngaphezu kwama-200 mg.
I-fiber, etholakala kuma-oats, uphizi, ubhontshisi, imifino, izithelo kanye namakhambi, kufanele ifakwe ekudleni. Futhi, nsuku zonke udinga ukudla uwoyela wemifino, amantongomane, ilayisi, ummbila, ngoba aqukethe izinto ezinosizo njenge-sterol ne-stanol.
I-Salmon, i-salmon, i-mackerel, inyama yesardadi inothile ngama-acid e-omega-3, anciphisa izinga le-triglycerides egazini, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi zifakwa njalo kwimenyu yesiguli.
Imininingwane nge-cholesterol inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
