Ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokubonakala kwe-atherosclerosis - isifo esihlobene nokuvela kwamafutha emikhunjini. Baqinisa le mikhumbi bavale izikhala.
Esimweni sokuba khona kwalesi sifo, izinga le-cholesterol ephansi inyuka futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga le-lipoproteins ephezulu kwabantu liyancipha. Ukuvela kwezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo esibi kangako somzimba njenge-myocardial infarction.
Izinga eliphakeme lama-lipoprotein aphansi alimaza kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-acid anamafutha amaningi. Njengomthetho, la ma-asidi atholakala emikhiqizweni yemvelaphi yezilwane (amafutha, inyama nenyama imikhiqizo, amasoseji, ibhotela, njll.).
Ama-lipoproteins aphansi kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aqukethe ama-acid anamafutha wemifino avimbela ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis. Ama-omega acids anjalo atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamafutha zemifino, inhlanzi, ukudla kwasolwandle, njll.
I-cholesterol inomphumela oqondile engcupheni eyandayo yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukwandisa izinga layo kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye yezindlela eziphambili zokuvimbela ukudla nokuphila ngendlela esebenzayo. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo lapho lezi zindlela zokulwa ne-cholesterol ephezulu zinganele futhi kufanele usebenzise umuthi owengeziwe noma ama-statin ukwehlisa izinga lawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze sinciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa izinga lokuhlushwa le-cholesterol ephelele futhi "emibi", umuntu ngamunye.
Ngakho-ke, kubantu abatholakala bexilongwa isifo se-coronary artery isifo, ezinye izifo zenhliziyo nesifo sikashukela, izinga le-LDL kufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-2.0-1.8 mmol / l noma i-80-70 mg / dl. Izinga eliphakeme alidingi nje kuphela ukudla okuqinile, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziklanyelwe ukwehlisa i-cholesterol.
Umuntu ongenazo lezi zifo, kodwa osengozini (uma umuntu ebhema, eba nesisindo ngokweqile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-metabolic syndrome noma unesifo esibuhlungu esenzakalelayo) kufanele abe nezinga le-cholesterol ngaphakathi kuka-4,5 mmol / l noma i-170 mg / dl, futhi i-LDL ingaphansi kuka-2,5 mmol / l noma i-100 mg / dl. Noma yikuphi ukweqiswa kwezinkomba kudinga ukudla nemithi ekhethekile.
Igazi ne-cholesterol
I-cholesterol ejwayelekile ivumela umzimba ukuthi usebenze kahle.
Amanani akhuphukile angabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo, kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ngokuvamile, cholesterol idlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi:
- isetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga zeseli ezisezingeni eliphakeme;
- isiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya emathunjini;
- neqhaza ekukhiqizeni okusebenzayo kwevithamini D;
- kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone athile.
Kunezici ezithile zobungozi ezingaholela ekwandeni kwe-cholesterol yegazi.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ukudla okungenampilo. Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla okuqukethe i-cholesterol, amafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans;
- Indlela yokuphila yokwehlisa ukuthula. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuzivocavoca okuyisisekelo nokusebenza kusiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol;
- Ukubekwa kusengaphambili ngokweqile. Uma umuntu enesisindo somzimba ngokweqile, ngokuzenzakalelayo umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza i-cholesterol "embi". Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphe njalo isisindo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingqinamba zokuthola i-cholesterol ephezulu, efana nesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso nesibindi, i-polycystic ovary syndrome, ukukhulelwa, i-adenoma ye-thyroid kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhulisa izinga le-cholesterol "embi".
Izinhlobo ze-cholesterol ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
Njengoba sekushiwo, amazinga e-cholesterol anomphumela oqondile empilweni yabantu futhi angaholela ekubukekeni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu lingaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-myocardial kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Ngokuya ngombono wodokotela abaningi, lapho nje kuba sobala ukuthi umuntu une-cholesterol ephezulu, uwela ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yobungozi enohlaka lwesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo iminyaka eyi-10.
Izinga lobungozi liyakhuphuka njengoba okulandelayo kungezwe kuwuphawu oluphambili:
- isigaba seminyaka engama-41 nangaphezulu;
- amadoda anengozi ephezulu kakhulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kunabesifazane;
- ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, okungukuthi ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokweqile.
Ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, kufanele uqale unciphise inani lokudla okunamafutha asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, i-cholesterol yehla kakhulu uma inani lamafutha lehliselwe ku-30% noma ngaphansi, namafutha agcwele - ngaphansi kuka-7%. Khipha amafutha ngokuphelele akufanele. Kwanele ukufaka esikhundleni sigcwaliswe nge-polyunsaturated.
Kuhle ukukhipha futhi amafutha we-trans ekudleni. Ngokuya ngokwezifundo, kwatholakala ukuthi ifayibha lesitshalo linciphisa kakhulu i-cholesterol.
Elinye ithuluzi eliphumelelayo empini yokulwa ne-cholesterol ephezulu icatshangelwa ukuthi ligcina izinga elijwayelekile lesisindo esigulini. Ukweqisa okwedlulele kwenkomba evunyelwe yesisindo somzimba kukhulisa kakhulu izinga le-cholesterol futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Ungakhohlwa ngomsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, ongagcini ngokusebenziseka uwonke empilweni, kepha futhi uvamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvivinya umzimba, ikakhulukazi emoyeni omusha, ziwusizo kakhulu ekululameni okujwayelekile kanye nokulwa ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
Ngobudala, ubungozi bezifo ezahlukahlukene bukhula kakhulu.
Endabeni ye-cholesterol, kunconywa ukulawula i-cholesterol futhi kusukela eminyakeni engama-20 ngezikhathi ezithile yenza ukuhlaziya ukuthola inqanaba layo.
Impilo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo
Wonke umuntu osinde ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo unesibazi esithinta ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nangemva kokugula, imbangela yaso ayinyamalali, okusho ukuthi akekho ongaba nesiqiniseko sokuthi ngokuzayo ngeke iphinde ivele noma ngeke iqhubeke. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi akunakwenzeka nje ukubuyisa ngokuphelele isimo sempilo.
Inhloso enkulu yesiguli ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ukunakekela impilo yayo, okuhloswe ngayo ukubuyela endleleni yayo ejwayelekile yokuphila, kuyilapho kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi abaningi bayayenza, inqobo nje uma beziphatha kahle, bethola ukwelashwa okufanele futhi bavuseleleke.
Inqubo yokutakula ngemuva kwanoma yisiphi isifo idinga ukugcinwa kwezincomo ezithile, futhi okokuqala, ukwenqatshwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhuba emibi, ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, odokotela banquma imithi ethile ezodinga ukuphuzwa.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, i-aspirin (yokuqunjelwa kwegazi), ama-statin (ukwenza i-cholesterol ijwayelekile), izidakamizwa zokuqina komfutho we-arterial, njll. Ngokuvamile zivame ukubekwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuthathwa kwemithi enqunyelwe kumele kuqhubeke iminyaka engu-5-6 - isikhathi sokubonakaliswa kokusebenza kahle kwemithi. Kwezinye izimo, intuthuko ibonakala kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Ukubuyiselwa emuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kubandakanya ukulwa nezimbangela zokuvela kwayo, okungukuthi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Okokuqala, sisho izinguquko ohlelweni lokunikezela ngogesi. I-atherossteosis iholela ekwakhekeni kwe-cholesterol eyeqile nokwenziwa kwamapotholo emikhunjini.
Lapho i-cholesterol plaque iqhuma, kuhlangana igazi, elivimba umthambo. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo noma ubuchopho iyafa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ifomu lesikhafu. Ingxenye eseleyo yenhliziyo iqala ukufeza imisebenzi yabathintekayo bese izenza buthaka, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo nasekuhlelekeni. Kulokhu, kudingeka eminye imishanguzo.
Umbuzo onengqondo uphakama, kufanele kube yini i-cholesterol ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo? Ngokwemvelo, ukuthola ukululama okusheshayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga le-cholesterol, ikakhulukazi "elibi" alikhuphuki, futhi izinga "lokuhle" alinciphi. Ukuze ulondoloze izinga lama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu, ukuba khona komzimba njalo kuyadingeka. Futhi, inani lalolu hlobo lwe-cholesterol landa uma uphuza 1 ingilazi yewayini yemvelo eyomile noma uthatha esinye isiphuzo esinamandla sotshwala ngesilinganiso esingu-60-70 mg. Ukweqisa okuncane komthamo okhonjisiwe kuholela kumphumela oqondile oqondile.
Amazinga e-cholesterol ejwayelekile angalawulwa ngokuhlolwa njalo.
Yehlisa cholesterol ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
Into yokuqala oyidingayo ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi ululame ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nesifo sikashukela kuwukudla okufanele. Ungakha imemo yokudla okunempilo, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi ukudla ukudla okunempilo kufanele kube nempilo futhi akufanele udle ngokweqile. Odokotela batusa ukunciphisa inani lenyama edliwayo (iwundlu, inyama yenkomo, ngaphandle kwengulube) kanye ne-offal, equkethe i-cholesterol eningi. Inkukhu ilungele ukupheka kuphela ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Amaqanda nawo awathandeki, ikakhulukazi izikhupha zamaqanda.
Phakathi kokudla okunconyiwe kungakhonjwa i-cottage shizi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi enokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi. Ukudla isobho ngenani elincane lamafutha kungageza umzimba wamafutha amaningi ngokweqile. I-Butter kanye ne-margarine kungcono esikhundleni samafutha emifino.
Baphinde bancome ukuthi kungeniswe i-fiber encibilikayo ekudleni, okungagcini nje ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, kepha futhi kusiza ukuguqula ushukela wegazi ngokujwayelekile. I-Oatmeal, ilayisi eliphelele, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemidumba nezinhlamvu, kanye nommbila nezithelo kungukudla okune-fiber eningi. Ukubuyisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nakho konke okwenziwa ngomzimba wonke, kuzoba wusizo ukwethula ekudleni inani elanele lezinto ezimbiwa, okuyi-magnesium ne-potassium.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo yanda kakhulu nge-cholesterol ephakeme. Kungakho kunconyelwa ukuthi kuqashwe njalo ukulingana kwayo, kudlule ukuhlaziya okufanele. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu kubantu abasengozini. Kungcono ukunakekela impilo yakho kusengaphambili kunokuba ubhekane nemiphumela yesifo. Ngokwezibalo, iziguli eziyi-10- 20% zinokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuphindaphindekile, futhi kaningi kwenzeka ezigulini ezingazilandeli izincomo zabodokotela.
Isazi sizokhuluma ngokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
