I-cholesterol yinto efana namafutha eyenza imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni womuntu. Ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-membranes amaseli wezicubu nezitho zomzimba. I-cholesterol iyabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwama-hormone ahlukahlukene anomthelela ekukhuleni komzimba okujwayelekile, ukusebenza kohlelo lokuzala komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamafutha acid aqukethe ku-bile futhi asheshise ukufakwa kwamafutha.
I-cholesterol ihamba emzimbeni womuntu elukheni olukhethekile oluqukethe ama-apolipoprotein. Ukudalwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa ama-apolipoprotein ne-cholesterol, kubizwa ngokuthi i-lipoprotein. Egazini lomuntu, kunezinhlobo zazo eziningi. Ziyahluka ngokwesilinganiso sezingxenye eziqukethwe kuzo:
- I-Lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu (VLDL);
- Ama-lipoproteins we-density low (LDL, LDL);
- I-High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
Ingxenyana ye-cholesterol ye-SNP - iyini, yini imisebenzi nezinhlelo zayo? I-cholesterol yeVLDL yizinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu. Endabeni yokwenziwa ngokweqile, kufakwa ama-plaque odongeni lomkhumbi, olunciphisa ukukhanyiswa kwesiteshi sawo, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi okuvamile. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, imikhumbi ilahlekelwa yi-elasticity yangaphambili, okuthinta kabi umsebenzi wesistimu yenhliziyo.
I-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-lipid metabolism. Lapho sithola amazinga aphezulu we-serum we-SNP cholesterol, singakhuluma ngengozi ekhulayo yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu ayizinhlayiya ezinobubanzi obungu-30 - 80 nm. Zincane kunochylomicrons, kepha zikhulu kunamanye ama-lipoprotein. Ukwakheka kwe-VLDL kudlula esibindini. Ingxenye yabo engasho lutho ingena egazini evela emathunjini. Indima yabo eyinhloko ukuthutha ama-triglycerides emzimbeni wonke kuya kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-VLDL angamanduleli kuma-lipoprotein aphansi kwabantu.
Njengamanje, kukhona obunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis kwenzeka ngokushesha phambi kwenkuthalo ekhuphukayo ye-VLDL yesifo sikashukela nesezinso.
Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko okudingeka ukwenzele abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu yiphrofayili ye-lipid. Kunconywa ukukwenza lokho kuwo wonke umuntu osefinyelele eminyakeni engama-20 okungenani isikhathi esisodwa eminyakeni eyi-5. Inhloso yalokhu kuhlaziya ukukhomba izinga le-VLDL ukuhlola ubungozi obungaba khona bokuthola isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi noma ezinye izifo zenhliziyo.
Kunconywa ukuba uhlaziye ingxenyana ye-SNP cholesterol ezimeni ezilandelayo:
- Uma kunesidingo, hlola izinguquko ze-atherogenic;
- Lapho wenza izinqubo zokuxilonga ukuthola iziyaluyalu ze-metabolism yamafutha;
- Ukuhlola ubungozi besifo se-coronary artery isifo;
- Ukuze ulawule ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokudla okungenayo i-cholesterol;
- Ukuqapha imiphumela yokwelashwa okuhlose ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ngemithi.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zesifundo yi-serum yegazi. Ukulungiselela isivivinyo, kunconywa ukuthi udle ukudla kungakapheli amahora ayi-12-14 ngaphambi kwenqubo.
Hlaziya ekuseni.
Ngenxa yokuthi amafutha anesisindo esiphansi kunamanzi, lapho ehlaziya inani lama-lipids ku-plasma, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukungahambi kahle kwawo. Kungakho indlela yokuthola imiphumela yokuhlaziywa isuselwa ekusatshalalisweni kwama-lipoprotein ezingxenyeni. Kulokhu, kunqunywa:
- Izinga le-lipoprotein engxenyeni ngayinye;
- Inani labo eliphelele;
- Ukuba khona kwe-triglycerides.
Kunzima impela ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlaziywa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, endaweni yezokwelapha, azikho izingxenye zokuthuthuka ezicacile zokuhlushwa kwabo okuphephile kwe-plasma. Kuyaziwa ukuthi okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwe-VLDL esegazini, kanye ne-LDL, kusho ukuba khona kwama-metabolism angasebenzi kahle emzimbeni womuntu.
Inani elithile lalezi zipids kufanele libe khona emzimbeni womuntu. Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu ayindlela yoku-lipoprotein, ngakho-ke, ama-receptors azwela kuwo awakhiwa emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokubukelwa phansi, odokotela bathathe okujwayelekile kokuqukethwe kwe-VLDL ku-plasma yomuntu kusuka ku-0,26 kuya ku-1,04 mmol / l kufakiwe. Zonke izinkomba eziphakeme noma eziphansi zibonisa izinqubo ze-pathological lapho kunconywa ukuba uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha nezeluleko.
Lapho echaza imiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela akakwazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe kwizinkomba ezitholakele. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kungenzeka kuphela kusetshenziswa imiphumela yokuxilongwa okuphelele - umlando wezokwelapha, imiphumela yolunye uvivinyo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuguqula izinga le-LDLP kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Le nqubo ukuguquguquka okujwayelekile komzimba we-cholesterol. Ngokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi esisodwa se-VLDL, awukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona isithombe sangempela sesimo se-fat metabolism.
Uma kunokusolwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha angasebenzi kahle, kunconywa ukuphindaphinda ukuhlaziywa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Ngamazinga akhuphukile wokuqukethwe kwe-VLDL, singakhuluma ngokuba khona kwama-pathologies asesimweni semikhumbi. Ama-VLDL angumthombo we-cholesterol "embi", eholela ekubumbaneni, ekulahlekeni kwe-elasticity, andise fragility yemithambo yegazi. Ezindaweni lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezinjalo, amaseli egazi avikelayo ngobuningi bawo amunca i-VLDL, aqongelela i-cholesterol.
Njengomphumela wale nqubo, amangqamuzana egazi avikelayo ngobuningi bawo aqongelela endaweni yokulimala kwemithambo bese ephenduka ekwakhekeni, okuthi kamuva kuguqulwe kube ngamakhemikhali e-cholesterol. Lokhu kokugcina, kunciphisa ukukhanyiswa komsele we-vascular, kulimaza kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, okuholela emiphumeleni eyingozi nemibi kakhulu.
Ubungozi be-cholesterol plaques kulele ekutheni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayakwazi ukwanda ngosayizi, bakha i-damu. Ijazi legazi lingaphuma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esitsheni lihambe liye egazini liye kwezinye izitho nezicubu. Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho ukukhanyiselwa kwanoma imuphi wemithambo kuncane kakhulu ukuba kudlule i-beg yegazi. Le nqubo ibizwa nge-vascular thrombosis futhi iyingozi ebulalayo kubantu. Imiphumela evame kakhulu yokufuduka kwegazi emithanjeni imivimbo yobuchopho, inhliziyo, i-pulmonary embolism.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi amazinga aphakeme e-VLDL angasiza ekubukekeni kwesihlabathi namatshe emgodini.
Ukwanda kwenani lama-lipoproteins aphansi kakhulu kuvame ukuthonywa ubukhona bomzimba womuntu wezinkinga ezinjengokuthi:
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus, okuyi-systemic metabolic disorder;
- Ukusindeka kwezimpawu ezisebenzayo ze-gland yegland noma i-pituitary gland. Umphumela walokhu ukwephula isizinda se-hormonal kanye nezinqubo ezithile ze-metabolic;
- I-Nephrotic syndrome. Ikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sokuvuvukala okungapheli kwezinso;
- Ithinta inqubo yokuqedwa kwezinto ezithile emzimbeni, ngenkathi yehlisa ijubane le-metabolism;
- Ukuluthwa utshwala nokukhuluphala kunomthelela ongemuhle ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu;
- I-pancreatitis engapheli, okuyi-pathology yama-pancreas, engenzeka ngezindlela ezingamahlalakhona futhi ezinzima.
Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kwe-lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu kungabonakala ezigulini ezinobungozi be-neoplasms kuma-pancreas noma ku-prostate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye i-genetic kanye ne-congenital pathologies nazo zibangela ukwanda kwe-LDL.
Lapho kutholakala izinga eliphakeme le-VLDL, iziguli zitholakala nge-hyperlipidemia eyisisekelo yohlobo 3, 4 noma 5. Lapho kukhona izinga eliphakeme elihlala lipensrotein eliphansi kakhulu esigulini, okuwumphumela wesinye isifo, bakhuluma nge-hyperlipidemia yesibili.
Izici ezilandelayo zinganciphisa inani lama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu futhi zithonye imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu:
- Ukuhambisana nokudla okunamanani amancane asetshenzisiwe;
- Ukuthatha umuthi othile, kubandakanya ama-statins, izidakamizwa ze-antifungal, nabanye abaningi;
- Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kusikhundla esijwayelekile;
- Ukuqina komzimba okuqinisiwe.
Esimweni lapho idatha yokuhlaziya ikhombisa inani eliphansi lengxenye ye-cholesterol ye-SNP, akukho kuphazamiseka okubalulekile kwe-metabolic okubonakalayo.
Kusho ukuthini uma ingxenyana ye-SNP cholesterol yehliswa?
Umphumela wokuhlaziywa okunje awunakubaluleka okuthile kliniki futhi kwesinye isikhathi ungaqapheleka kubantu abanezifo ezilandelayo:
- Izinguquko esimweni esivimbelayo sezicubu zamaphaphu;
- Ukuba khona kwezifo ezinamandla noma ezinye izifo ezenzeka kwifomu elibi;
- Umdlavuza wamathambo;
- Ukukhiqizwa okwandayo kwama-hormone egilo;
- Ukuba khona kokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 noma i-folic acid;
- Ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kwesibindi;
- Ukushiswa okuningi;
- Izinqubo zokuvuvukala emalungeni.
Uma idatha yokuxilonga ikhombisa ukuthi umuntu une-cholesterol ephansi, kepha ibhalansi ye-lipid ayikhungatheki, futhi izinga le-LDL livamile, asikho isidingo sokulilungisa. Ukuqokwa kokwelashwa okuthile ezimweni ezinjalo akudingekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa ngongoti abakhethekile kuyanconywa. Kwezinye izimo, yizo ezisiza ekuboneni ezinye izifo eziholela ekushintsheni kokuxineka kakhulu kwe-lipensoteids density liporoteids in the direction of it decrease.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinga elehlisiwe lama-lipoproteins aphansi kakhulu lisiza ekuxilongeni umuntu onesifo esinjenge-hypocholesterolemia. Kuyifa ngemvelo, kepha isimo sokwenzeka kwako okwamanje asichazwa ngokuphelele. Iziguli ezihlushwa uhlobo lokuthola ifa le-hypocholesterolemia zivame ukuba nesifo senhliziyo. Imvamisa kunokubonakala kwama-xanthomas - amadiphozithi e-lipoprotein ngesimo sokukhula nezigcamba esikhumbeni nasemakhondweni.
Ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa inani lama-lipoproteins aphansi kakhulu kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kochwepheshe. Kulokhu, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswayo, okuthi, ngokusebenzisa isikhathi esifanele futhi esifanele, ziholele emiphumeleni emihle.
Mayelana nezingxenyana ze-cholesterol zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
