Kusho ukuthini uma izidumbu ze-ketone zitholakala umchamo?

Imizimba yeKetone iyimikhiqizo ye-metabolic eyenzelwe esibindini ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwamafutha nokwakhiwa kwe-glucose. Kumuntu ophile kahle, ama-ketones akhiqizwa ngamanani angabucayi kakhulu, ngokushesha awathathi hlangothi futhi akhululiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuchama, angatholwa ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

Ngokuqukethwe komchamo wabo ophakeme ngokwengqondo, uchwepheshe unquma ukuxilongwa kwesiguli kwe- "ketonuria" - isimo esidinga ukunakwa okwandisiwe nokwelashwa okufanele.

Izimbangela kanye nomshini wokuvela kwama-ketones

Ama-ketones yilezi zinto ezihlanganayo ezilandelayo:

• i-acetone;
• i-acetoacetic acid;
• i-beta hydroxybutyric acid.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemizimba ye-ketone emchameni ukuphula umthetho (okuwukuthi, ukushesha) kwe-metabolism yamafutha, ehlanganiswe nokuqukethwe okuncishisiwe kweglucose, okudingekayo ukuze amandla nomzimba wonke usebenze. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?

Uma ama-carbohydrate eyeka ukuvela ngaphandle nokudla, izinqubo zokucubungula izinqolobane ze-glycogen zesibindi ziyaphazamiseka, noma ziphele nya - umzimba uqala ukuzikhipha kuma-adipocytes (amaseli wamafutha), okwandisa izinga lokuwohloka kwawo.

Ukulingana phakathi kwesilinganiso se-glucose nama-ketones kushintsha kakhulu kuye kokugcina, isibindi asinaso isikhathi sokuwenza usebenze futhi ekugcineni kube nokuqongelela kwemizimba ye-acetone egazini nokungena kwawo kumchamo - ukwenzeka kwe-ketonuria (noma i-acetonuria) kwenzeka.

Kulokhu, i-ketonuria emfishane futhi engazinzile iyinto evamile. Isimo somuntu siyabonakala sodwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (inqobo nje uma engenazo izifo ezifihliwe).

Kodwa-ke, imvamisa le nto ingabangelwa izifo ezingathi sína.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid ne-carbohydrate metabolism kubangelwa izifo ezifana:

1. Isifo sikashukela mellitus (kulokhu, izinga eliphakeme lemizimba ye-acetone libonisa ubungozi bokukhula komqondo we-hyperglycemic coma).
2. Ama-neoplasms nezinqubo zokuvuvukala emathunjini (kukhona ukwephulwa kokufakwa kwezakhamzimba endaweni yokugaya ukudla).
3. Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi (nge-hepatitis, ukudakwa kotshwala).
4. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuhambisana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane).
5. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo (i-thyrotooticosis kubonakaliswa yi-glucose metabolism eshesha), ama-neoplasms kwizindlala ze-adrenal (i-fat metabolism isheshisiwe).
6. Kwabesifazane, i-ketonuria ingabangelwa yi-toxicosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (umzimba kamama unikela ngawo onke amandla ayo agcinela ingane.
7. Izifo zohlelo lokujikeleza (i-anemia, i-leukemia, nokunye).

Izimpawu zokukhula kwalesi sifo kubantu abadala nasezinganeni

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-acetonuria akunaso isithombe esithile kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhula kwalesi sifo.

Izimpawu zivame ukufana nokuboniswa komtholampilo kwe-banal disorder yamathumbu:

1. Isifiso sesiguli siyancipha, ukudla kubangela umuzwa wokunyanyeka.
2. Kukhona ukujula okubukhali kwezinkomba zokushisa.
3. Ngemuva kokudla, isiguli siyagula noma sihlanza.

Ngokuzayo, uma umuntu eqhubeka nokuhlehlisa ukuvakasha kudokotela, kunezimpawu eziningi ezishiwoyo nezishiwoyo:

1. Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukusebenza okwehlile, ukuqina kwemisipha.
2. Ukwehla komzimba (isikhumba siphaphathekile, somile, sibala amabala abomvu obuhlungu emzimbeni nasezihlathini, ulimi limbozwe ngentambo enamakhilimu amhlophe noma aphuzi).
3. Izimpawu zokucindezelwa kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi ngesimo sokuquleka, ushintsho olusheshayo esikhathini sokucwaswa yisigaba sokuzela nokunganakwa, ezimweni ezinzima - kuze kufinyelele ku-coma.
4. Isibindi esikhulisiwe (sinqunywa yi-palpation).
5. Ukuba khona kwephunga le-acetone (kufana nephunga lezithelo ezimnandi) kusuka emgodini womlomo nasekuhlanzeni. Umchamo wesiguli naye unuka i-acetone.

Ezinganeni ezincane, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ziyaphawulwa ngokungeziwe:

1. Ukuhlanza okukhulu ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukudla (ngisho nangemva kokuphuza uketshezi), ngenxa yalokho ukungavunyelwa kokudla okuqinile kuphela, kodwa namanzi.
2. Ukunciphisa izinhlungu zesisu.
3. Kwehliswe isikhumba somzimba, ithoni yemisipha.

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo we-acetone ekhaya

Isivivinyo esivamile "sasekhaya" sokuthola i-acetone kumchamo sithathwa njengesivivinyo nge-ammonia. Kulokhu, amaconsi ambalwa e-ammonia aphonswa esitsheni esinomchamo futhi kuguqulwe umbala wawo. Uma umchamo uphenduka ubomvu, kusho ukuthi imizimba ye-ketone ikhona kuyo.

Futhi, kaningi, iziguli zisebenzisa izivivinyo ezisheshayo zabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, imicu noma amaphilisi akhethekile asetshenziswa kubo.

Kokuhlola, kusetshenziswa ingxenye entsha yomchamo, lapho kufakwa khona inkomba iphepha elinama-reagents imizuzwana embalwa. Okulandelayo, udinga ukulinda imizuzu embalwa kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphendula bese uqhathanisa umbala wokugcina on the strip nesilinganiso setibonelo kuphakethe. Lapho umbala ubukhali kakhulu, kuphakama okuqukethwe ama-ketones kumchamo - okuphambene nalokho.

Endabeni yokusebenzisa ithebhulethi yokuhlola, umchamo ufakwa ngqo kuyo. Lapho kukhona izidumbu ze-acetone, ithebhulethi izoshintsha umbala.

Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwe-ketonuria ekhaya akusasebenzi kangako futhi kungathembekile njengokuzimisela kwayo esibhedlela. Imvamisa, inganikeza imiphumela emibi noma yamanga engemihle ngenxa yokuthi isiguli sithatha izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme inhibitors). Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuyisisekelo kwelabhorethri, futhi ngokuzayo, ukubheka njalo izinga le-acetone ekhaya - usebenzisa izindlela ezisizayo ezingenhla.

Ungayisusa kanjani i-acetone?

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuphelele umzimba nguchwepheshe ofanele - bese kuba ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kokwelashwa futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kuphothulwe. Izindlela zokwelapha zizohluka kakhulu kuye ngembangela yesifo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola isifo sikashukela, isiguli sinqunywe imijovo ye-insulin ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi. Uma ngabe le ndlela ayanele (esimweni sefomu elinamandla kakhulu nelithuthukayo le-ketonuria), umthamo we-insulin uyanda.

Uhlobo olwedlulele lwe-ketonuria luhambisana ne-acidosis futhi iba yingozi empilweni, akunakwenzeka ukuyimisa ngokwakho, ngakho-ke kuphoqelekile ukubiza i-ambulensi kanye nokwelashwa esibhedlela. Lapho, isiguli sifakwa nge-saline yomzimba ukulwa nokwehla komzimba, kuphathwa izixazululo ze-electrolyte, besetshenziswa ama-anticoagulants kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane.

Ekhaya, i-acetone ikhishwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Phuza inala. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi amaminerali noma ama-decoctions ahlanganisiwe amakhambi nezithelo ezomisiwe. Uma isiguli singakwazi ukuphuza ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlanza, ungazama ukunika imithamo emincane yemizuzu njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 - 20 (izingane kufanele zizame ukuphuza isiponji). Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele kuvunyelwe ukomela okukhulu kwesiguli!
2. Indlala ngosuku lokuqala - ngakho-ke umzimba uzobhekana nokudakwa ngokushesha.
3. Ukulandela ukudla okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-soda enemas nezoshukela zokulawulwa ngomlomo.

Ngemuva kokuzinza, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole izincomo ezengeziwe.

Ngesikhathi senhlupheko elandelayo (nokuvimbela kwayo), kubalulekile ukulandela indlela ekhethekile yokudla.

Ukudla kwakhe okungenzeka kufaka phakathi ukudla njengoku:

• inyama ebusayo (inkukhu, iturkey, unogwaja, i-veal kanye nenyama yenkomo) ngendlela ebilisiwe noma eyakhiwe;
• izitsha ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ketshezi - isobho, umhluzi (imifino);
• izinhlobo ezinhlanzi ezinamafutha amancane;
• okusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo;
• iziphuzo zezithelo, ama-decoctions, ama-juices, ama-compotes, ujamu.

Ngosuku lokuqala lwenhlupheko, kungcono ukwenqaba ukudla, unciphise ukuphuza kakhulu. Uma ukugabha kungekho, ungadla ezinye izinto ezingaboli.

Ngosuku lwesibili, ama-aphula, ama-apula abhakwe, irayisi noma ama-oat decoctions avunyelwe.

Ngosuku lwesithathu nolwesine, ekudleni kunwetshwa okusanhlamvu okulamanzi noma okugayiwe, umhluzi obuthaka wemifino namabhisikidi.

Inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi, isobho elicebile lenyama, ukudla okusheshayo, i-confectionery, amakhekhe, imikhiqizo ebilisiwe futhi enobisi, ukudla okunezipayisi nokubhemayo kuzodingeka kungafakwanga isikhathi esithile.

Kuyadingeka ukwethula ukudla okujwayelekile kancane kancane, ngezingxenye ezincane kanye nokulandela imigomo eyisisekelo yokudla okufanele.

Imenyu esimweni ngasinye ihlanganiswa nguchwepheshe ngamunye, icubungula zonke izidingo nezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye.

Kunezeluleko eziningi ezichazwe ngqo kubantu abane-acetonuria:

1. Abantu abakhulu ngokweqile kufanele bazihlelele izinsuku zokuzila - lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi benkinga ye-acetone.
2. Ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukugcina ukufakwa kwemichilo yokuhlola noma amaphilisi okuhlola - futhi esimweni sezimpawu ezinjengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni noma ukunambitheka okungathandeki okumnandi, masinyane wenze ukuxilongwa okuzimele. Ukuhlolwa kuyathengiswa kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi.
3. Ikakhulu ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sezingane - uma kwenzeka kuba nobunzima, kubalulekile ukubiza i-ambulensi.
4. Uma i-ketonuria iziveza esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, kudingeka ixhumane nodokotela wayo ngokushesha ngokunquma ngokulungiswa komthamo we-insulin etholakele, futhi ixoxe ngokudla - lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwenkinga.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky ngenkinga ye-acetonuria:

Ukubonakala kwezidumbu ze-ketone emchameni kuwuphawu olunzulu lokuxilonga, okufanele kuthathwe ngomthwalo ophelele. Uma usola i-ketonuria, kufanele ubonane nochwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu, ozokwenza zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi ahlaziye, aqoqe ama-anamnesis futhi enze ukuhlolwa okugcwele komzimba ukukhomba ama-pathologies afihlekile okungenzeka abangele ukukhululeka kwamathumbu ngomchamo.

Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphela ngokuqapha ejwayelekile kwemizimba ye-acetone (ezindaweni zaselebhu noma ekhaya) kuzosiza isiguli ukuba sibhekane nalesi sifo futhi sigweme ubunzima be-acetone.