I-cholesterol ingelinye lamafutha, ikhemikhali likhiqizwa isibindi futhi libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okufanele kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba nomzimba wonke.
Iseli ngalinye lomzimba wethu liqukethe ingxenye ye-cholesterol kulwelwesi lwangaphandle.
Ezilwaneni, leli khompiyutha lihanjiswa njenge-waxy steroid ehanjiswa ngegazi. I-cholesterol ibhekisela kuma-alcohols. I-chemenclature yamakhemikhali ibizwa nge- cholesterol. Ungawasebenzisa womabili la magama.
Le nto yenza imisebenzi eminingi:
- ihlanganisa imicu yezinzwa;
- ubamba iqhaza ku-metabolism yamavithamini ancibilikayo;
- ubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni i-Vitamin D esikhunjeni ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga;
- isakhi esisebenzayo ekuhlanganiseni kwama-hormone ocansi;
- ubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwe-cortisol, aldosterone.
Ngomzimba womuntu, izinga elijwayelekile lokukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol lisuka ku-3.5 mmol ilitha liye ku-7.7 mmol ngelitha. Noma, uma ulalela izincomo zochwepheshe abavela e-UK, khona-ke inkomba engenhla kwe-6 mol ngelitha ngalinye icatshangelwa ukuthi isiphezulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhombisi, ubungozi be-atherosulinotic pathology luyanda. Cishe bonke odokotela bahlukanisa izinkomba - milligram / deciliter noma millimol / litre, ngakho-ke amanani amukelekile ngokuvamile angahluka:
- okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kungaphansi kwama-200 mg / dl;
- ngaphezulu kwesejwayelekile - kufika ku-239 mg / dl;
- inani eliphakeme - 240 mg / dl;
- izinga elifanele lisuka ku-5 liye ku-6.3 mmol / l;
- i-overestimated kancane - kusuka ku-6.4 mmol / l;
- kuvumelekile, kepha kuphakeme - kusuka ku-6.5 kuya ku-7.7 mmol / l;
- izinga le-overestimated lingaphezu kuka-7.9 mmol / l.
Izinga eliphakanyisiwe le-cholesterol ku-serum yomuntu kufanele libe usizi lwe-5 mmol ilitha ngalinye.
Izindlela Zokunquma ze-Cholesterol
Umuthi wanamuhla namuhla ususungule izindlela eziningi zokunquma i-cholesterol yegazi.
Kokunye ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, vele uye esibhedlela esiseduze.
Uma izinga eliphakeme likhona emzimbeni, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Kulokhu, ukuzelapha kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
Izindlela nenqubo yokuzimisela:
- I-Gravimetric;
- I-Titrimetric;
- Indlela ye-fluorimetric iyakwazi ukukala i-cholesterol ngenani elincane le-serum yegazi;
- I-gesi chromatographic ne-chromatographic;
- Indlela ye-Colorimetric;
- I-chromatography emincane;
- Chromatography yegesi-ketshezi;
- Indlela ye-polarographic iyakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile inani eliphelele le-serum cholesterol, futhi mahhala;
- Indlela ye-Enzymatic. Iqhubeka ngokusho kwe-algorithm ethile.
- I-Spectrophotometric - incike kokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol.
Kukhona nendlela ye-polarimetric. Le ndlela isuselwa ekuphendukeni kombala eminingana.
Ukusabela kokuqala yiBiol Croft. I-acetic acid ne-sulfuric acid isetshenziselwa yona; phambi kwe-cholesterol, ikhambi iba bomvu.
Indlela yesibili eshiwo uWigigley. Ukuphendula kuqukethe ukusebenzisana kwe-cholesterol ngesisombululo esine-methanol ne-sulfuric acid.
Ukusabela kwesithathu yiChugaev, kususelwa ekuxhumaneni kwe-cholesterol nge-acetyl chloride ne-zinc chloride.
Lapho kukhona i-cholesterol, ikhambi iba bomvu. Ukusabela okulandelayo kukaLieberman-Burchard. Ngesikhathi sokuphendula, i-cholesterol ifakwa i-oxid nge-acidic medium engaqukethe amanzi.
Njengomphumela, kwakhiwa amabhondi amabili ahlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lokhu kusabela kwehlukile kokunye ngoba ayinayo i-stain yaphakade. E-medliterature kunesilinganiso esihlukile sezingxenye zokuphendula.
Indlela yokugcina yindlela yokusabela kweKaliani-Zlatkms-Zach.
Umphumela wokusabela kufanele uvele ngendlela yombala obomvu we-violet wesisombululo. Yonke inqubo yenzeka njengomphumela we-oxidation we-cholesterol ngaphansi kwethonya le-sulfuric ne-acetic acids.
Izifo ezine-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi
I-cholesterol ephezulu ingaholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
Odokotela batusa ukuthatha inani eliphelele legazi le-cholesterol minyaka yonke.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe inani elikhulu le-pathologies ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula.
Uma kunokuhluka kusuka kokujwayelekile kokuqukethwe kwe-HDL ne-LDL emzimbeni, izifo eziningi zingavela, njengokuthi:
- angina pectoris;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- infarction myocardial;
- ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-vascular;
- isifo samathambo nezinye izifo.
I-Angina pectoris yisifo esibonakaliswa yibuhlungu obukhulu, ukungakhululeki esifubeni. Lezi zimpawu zicasulwa iqiniso lokuthi izicubu zenhliziyo azitholi inani elifanelekile lomoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba ukuze zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.
I-Microstroke, unhlangothi. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwejazi egazini elingavimba isitsha segazi esisebuchosheni.
Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwegazi, okuholela ekufeni kancane kancane kwamaseli endaweni ethile yobuchopho.
I-Myocardial infarction iyindlela yokusebenza eyakheka lapho ukufinyeleleka kwegazi kumaseli emisipha yenhliziyo kuvinjiwe, okubangela indlala yomoya-mpilo. Imvamisa, lokhu kucasulwa ukwakheka kwengubo yegazi etholakala ku-lumen of the coronary artery. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni okuyingxenye kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi Le pathology yezinhlobo eziningana.
I-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi, imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo, isibindi, izinso, isisu nezinye izitho zihlukanisiwe. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosulinotic, ezitholakala emikhunjini yohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Zivimba noma zivimbele ngokuphelele ukuphuma kwegazi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kungadala imiphumela ebulalayo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhomba ukwephulwa esigabeni sokuqala, udinga ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwezigcawu.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zeCholesterol ephezulu
Kunezimpawu eziningi ezahlukene ongazitholela uzimele ngazo ukuthi kukhona i-cholesterol ephezulu egazini.
Isazi esinolwazi sinquma lokhu ngaphandle kocwaningo. Kulula ukunquma ukuba khona kwenqanaba eliphakeme ngokuba khona komzimba wokuhlukumezeka kwesimilo emsebenzini.
Okwe-cholesterol ephezulu, isiguli sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvela kwamabala aphuzi esikhunjeni, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo. Lolu phawu lunobizo lwezokwelapha - i-xanthoma. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungadluliselwa ngefa.
- Ukubonakala kobuhlungu obuphakama emalungeni lapho kufikelwa umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca emzimbeni. Isibonakaliso siyanda ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithambo ye-arterial ehambisa igazi ezinqeni.
- Ukuba khona kwe-angina pectoris okuvela ekunciphiseni kwemithambo yethambo lenhliziyo.
- Ukwakheka kokuhlaselwa okuncane, ngenxa yokwakheka kweziqeshana zegazi nokuqhekeka komkhumbi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, okuholela ekushoneni komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi zomzimba.
Zonke izizathu ezenza ukuthi i-cholesterol yegazi ingaphakanyiswa ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili, ziyahlukahluka futhi aziguquki.
Isici esiyinhloko esithonya ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yegazi ukudla okungenampilo nokuphila okungenampilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo semvelo singathonya le nkomba.
Izici ezingaguquki zifaka ubudala nokuqagela kofuzo kokuvela kokugxila kwe-cholesterol ephezulu.
Izimbangela eziphambili zokwanda kwe-cholesterol yilezi:
- Imikhuba emibi. Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili ze-pathology. Ukuphuza utshwala kungaholela ekuncikeni kotshwala, njengomthetho, bonke abadakwayo banezinga eliphakeme le-LDL, futhi izinga le-HDL liyehliswa.
- Isisindo esiningi. Iqembu labantu abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele kakhulu bane-LDL ephezulu. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunabantu abajwayelekile besisindo.
- Indlela yokuphila elungisiwe. Ukuze ulondoloze i-cholesterol ejwayelekile, udinga ukwenza izivivinyo zasekuseni nsuku zonke imizuzu engama-20. Uma kungenzeka, kunconyelwa ukuya ejimini emakilasini onomqeqeshi, wenze i-aerobics yamanzi, bese ugibela ibhayisekili okungenani kanye ngesonto. Labo abangenalo ithuba elinjalo bangangena ekuhambeni nge-brisk nsuku zonke ihora eli-1. Akunconyelwe ukuthi uphile impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbangela eziphambili zibandakanya ukungondleki. Okunye ukudla kuqukethe i-cholesterol ephezulu. Isibonelo, amaqanda, izinso. Ukugwema izinga lenyuka, kufanele unamathele ekudla okufanele. Kunconywa ukubala inani lama-kilojoule osuku ngalunye, kucatshangelwa inani lamandla nokudla okunempilo kwemikhiqizo.
Amaqiniso mayelana ne-cholesterol axoxwa ngayo kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
