Izici Ezilungisiwe Zengozi

I-Atherossteosis ibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi lapho, ngenxa yokuqongelela inani elikhulu le-cholesterol, izicubu ezithintekayo zemithambo yegazi zikhula. Lokhu kuholela ekuqineni kwezindonga futhi kunciphise ukukhanywa kwemithambo yegazi. Isifo esifanayo sifinyelela ebuchosheni, izinso, imilenze ephansi, inhliziyo, i-aorta.

Uma ukuhamba kwegazi kuphazamiseka, izitho zangaphakathi ezisebenzayo azikutholi ukudla okufanele futhi ziyaphela. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, umphumela walesi sifo ukhubazekile, kwezinye izimo ngisho nokufa.

Namuhla, i-atherossteosis iyakhula ngenkuthalo, futhi abanesifo sikashukela nabo bavame ukuthinteka yi-lipid metabolism. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuyini i-atherosclerosis, yiziphi izinto ezibeka engcupheni, izindlela zokwelapha, nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo

Inqubo yokuwohloka iqala ngokubhujiswa kwezindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi, okudala izici ezithile zobungozi kwe-atherossteosis. Izindawo ezithintekile zidlula kalula i-low-density lipoproteins, ezingena emithanjeni bese zakha amabala we-lipid kuzo.

Lokhu kugxila kokuvuvukala kuthinteka izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-cholesterol plaques akha emithanjeni yegazi, okuthi ngemuva kokukhula kwezicubu ezithintekayo ibe yi-atherosclerotic. Futhi, ukushayisana kwegazi okuncane nama-microcracks ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi kufaka isandla ekubukekeni kwezakhiwo.

I-hypercholesterolemia yesikhathi eside ibangela ukuqhubeka kwezifo. Imithambo yegazi, ngenxa yokushoda okukhulu kwezakhamzimba, iba mancanyana futhi ibe denser, ilahlekelwe ukuqina nokuma kwawo. Igazi ngemigoqo emincane alinakungena ngokugcwele, yingakho izitho zangaphakathi zihlupheka.

Lesi simo sinezingozi ezikhulayo, ngoba ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism kuholela ku:

• I-Ischemia
• Indlala ye-oksijini;
• Ukuguqulwa okwenziwe kabusha kwezitho zangaphakathi;
• I-sclerosis encane egxile kakhulu kanye nokwanda kwezicubu ezithintekayo;
• Ukuntuleka kwemithambo ye-acute, uma i-lumen yemithambo yegazi ivinjiwe yinqwaba yegazi, kuleli cala, umphumela ungaba infarction ye-myocardial;
• Ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm, okuholela ekufeni.

I-Pathology ethinta imithambo yegazi iba kancane kancane futhi i-imperceptibly.

Ngokwesihlukaniso esamukelwa ngokujwayelekile, imbangela yezilonda ezibangelwa yizifo ezitholakala emithanjeni yezitho zofuzo ingaba yizinto eziphilayo, zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha.

Izimbangela zezinto eziphilayo ze-atherosclerosis

Ukulonda impilo enempilo nokulandela ukudla kunciphisa amathuba okuthola lesi sifo. Kepha kunezici zofuzo ezingalungiswa. Ngalesi sizathu, ingozi engacacisiwe ye-atherossteosis iyingozi kakhulu.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi izizathu ezibekwe ezingeni le-DNA, njengobudala, ifa nobulili. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana zemvelo, ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo bukhuphuka amahlandla ayi-10-20.

Ukuze ungavumeli ukwephulwa, ukuze uvikele i-atherosclerosis, kufanelekile ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela, qapha isisindo sakho, udle ngakwesokudla, uhambise ngenkuthalo futhi uvakashele umoya omusha njalo.

1. Emadodeni, ubungozi bokwenza i-pathology yesistimu yezinhliziyo kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba abesifazane banehlobo lokuvikelwa ngendlela yamahomoni ocansi. Ama-estrogens awavumeli ukwakheka kwama-atherosclerotic plaque. Kepha phakathi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, lesi sici somzimba siyashintsha, futhi ebudaleni amathuba esifo ayanda.
2. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, umzimba uyaphela, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla wokuvikela. Lokhu kuvame ukudala ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala.
3. Ukuqagela izakhi zofuzo kukhulisa nengozi yezifo. Uma esinye sezihlobo sihlushwa i-hypercholesterolemia, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqaphela futhi kungalingisi ukuphela.

Uma umuntu elandela impilo enempilo, evakashela njalo ihhovisi likadokotela futhi angakhohlwa ngezindlela zokuthibela, awunakukhathazeka nge-atherosclerosis.

Ukuba khona kwezici ze-pathophysiological

Izici ze-pathophysiological ezidala i-atherossteosis zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. I-Pathology ingakhula lapho kukhona izifo ezithile, ezikhulisa kakhulu ingozi yomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi.

Okokuqala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyingozi, ngoba ingcindezi eyandayo ilayisha kakhulu imithambo yethambo, iyinciphise futhi ibenze buthakathaka. Imikhumbi ethintekile iba sengozini yeminye imiphumela emibi, nama-cholesterol plaque akuleli fomu ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ibhalansi ye-lipid engasebenzi kahle iholela ku-hypercholesterolemia. Uma ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol embi kukhuphuka isikhathi eside, lokhu kuholela ekubekweni kwezinto ezilimazayo ezindongeni zemithambo yemithambo nokwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosulinotic.

• I-endocrine pathology enzima efana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus iholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic. Ekuqaleni, izinga le-glucose egazini liyashintsha, kodwa ngenxa yokuthambekela kokukhuluphala kanye nokuqongelela kwamafutha kwizifo zikashukela, i-cholesterol metabolism iyashintsha.
• Ukuba khona kokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuholela ekukhuleni kwezicubu ezinamafutha, ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye ne-lipid metabolism. Lokhu kudala ukuthi amafutha angahlali kuphela ezithweni zangaphakathi, kodwa nasezithanjeni zemithambo yegazi.
• Nge-hypothyroidism, indlala yegilo iyancipha futhi inqubo ye-metabolic iyehla. Le pathology ibangela ukukhuluphala nokuvuvukala, okugcina kumcasule ukugcwala kwama-lipids.

Zonke lezi zinto ziyizici zobungozi eziguquliwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherosulinosis, ezingathonywa ngokuthatha imishanguzo, kulandela ukudla okwelaphayo, ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi njalo, nokubheka izinga leshukela ne-cholesterol emzimbeni.

Zonke lezi zindlela zizokwehlisa umthwalo emithanjeni futhi zivume ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwegazi.

Izici Zokuzivikela Kwengozi

Kufanele unake ngokukhethekile lezi zizathu, ngoba impilo yakhe ezoncika ekuziphatheni kweziguli. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi namuhla abayiqapheli indlela abadla ngayo, bahamba kancane futhi baphila impilo engenampilo, lesi sifo siba mncane unyaka nonyaka. Izici zokuziphatha zingalungiswa, kepha akuhlali njalo umuntu efuna ukushintsha impilo yakhe futhi alahle imikhuba emibi.

Ngokudla njalo utshwala, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka. Ngokwanda kwe-metabolism, ushukela udliwe ngenkuthalo, kepha umzimba wamafutha uyavinjwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha acid, anqwabelana emithanjeni nasezibindini nako kuyothuthukiswa.

Ukwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosclerotic kuholela ekubhemeni isikhathi eside. I-Nikotine idala ukuqina nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Emithanjeni elimele, ukuqongelela kwamafomu e-cholesterol, kamuva okuthi kamuva kukhule kube ngamakhemikhali e-cholesterol.

1. Ukuhlukumeza futhi kuwumkhuba omubi. Ukudla ngokweqile akunasikhathi sokugaya. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka amakhompiyutha anamafutha kusuka kudoti wokudla, okufakwa kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi nemithambo yegazi.
2. Ngokudla okungalinganiseli nokuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo enamafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate ephezulu, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka. Okubi futhi ngobukhulu obuningi kukudla okufana nezinduna, amaqanda, ibhotela, inyama enamafutha, ukhilimu wobisi, ngoba aqukethe inani elikhulayo le-cholesterol.
3. Uma umuntu ehamba kancane futhi ehola indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, ama-energy stagnates, ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwamafutha avela kuma-carbohydrate. I-lipids yona ihlala emithanjeni, ibangele isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.

Zonke lezi zinto zivusa ukukhuluphala kanye nokukhuluphala, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezifo nasezifo eziningi. Ukuze uvikele imiphumela enjalo, kufanelekile ukulandela izincomo zabodokotela, ukudlala ezemidlalo, ukuhamba ngezinyawo nsuku zonke, ukudla ngendlela efanele nokubheka isisindo sakho.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuqinile ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, inani lezinkontileka zenhliziyo lenyuka, imithambo yegazi inciphile, ukuphuma kwegazi nokwenyuka kwe-peripheral arterial. Lokhu kuholela ekuphazamiseni ukuhamba kwemvelo kwegazi nokushintshwa kwesimo sezindonga zemithambo yegazi.

Ngakho-ke, ama-pathologies wezinhliziyo ajwayele ukuthuthuka ngokudangala njalo, ukukhathazeka okukhulayo nobutha.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Atherosclerosis

Ukuze usize umuntu ngesikhathi futhi uvikele ukukhula kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukubona isifo. Njengoba izimpawu zingabonakali ekuqaleni, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe igazi.

Ukulimala kwe-lipid metabolism kungabonakala ngezimpawu ezithile. Isikhumba sesiguli siyoma, izinwele ziyaphela, futhi imithambo yegazi ephumayo iyavunyelwa.

Lezi kanye nezinye izinkomba zesifo ziqala ukuvela esigabeni sakamuva se-atherosclerosis. Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhula okungalindelekile kwe-ischemia ebukhali kwenzeka ngokungafani nesizinda sesimo esejwayelekile.

Izimpawu zincike ekutheni sithinteka ngasiphi isitho esithile sangaphakathi.

• Uma i-atherosulinosis ye-aorta yenhliziyo kutholakala, kubuhlungu ubuhlungu besifuba buzwakala ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba noma ukuphumula. Ingcindezi yegazi ikhuphuka kakhulu, ukububula okungama-systolic kuvela esiswini futhi kukhuphuka i-aorta.
• Nge-atherosclerosis yemithambo ye-coronary, kuphakama izinhlungu esifubeni engalweni engakwesobunxele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuphazamisekile, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, kuphakama umfutho wegazi, kuthi nokuhlasela kwe-asthma kuqhume. Uma imithambo ye-coronary ivinjiwe ngokuphelele, izinhlungu ezinzima zesifuba zikhomba ehlombe lakwesobunxele, kanti isiguli asinawo umoya owenele futhi kunzima ukuphefumula.
• I-atherossteosis yemithambo yasesikhungweni ihambisana nokukhathala okusheshayo, ikhanda kanye nesiyezi, ukubukeka kwe-tinnitus, ukubona okufiphele, ukwehla kobuhlakani, ukuntenga okungagxili, nokushintshana kwemizwa njalo. Kulesi simo, kunengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Ngomfutho wegazi ophakanyiswe ngokuqinile, ukubonwa kwemithambo yegazi kwemithambo yezinso kungabonakala. Uma umuntu enesifo se-atherosranceotic lesion, kuphakama umfutho wegazi oyingozi.
• Nge-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu, ubuhlungu buvela esiswini, isisindo sincishisiwe, usizi, isicanucanu kanye nokushiswa kwenhliziyo kuzwakala ngemuva kokudla. Ukuqunjelwa nakho kuvame ukwenzeka. Esimweni esithuthukile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gangrene yamathumbu kungenzeka, okudinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.
• Imvamisa lesi sifo sisakazekela emilenzeni engezansi. Kulokhu, ubuhlungu bemisipha emilenzeni buvela ngesikhathi sokuhamba, okubangela isililo. Endaweni ethintekile, isikhumba siyashintsha siphume izinwele ziphume, ukuvuvukala kukhuphuke, kuthi ukugoba kuzwakale ezinyaweni. Esimweni esinzima, ukwakheka kwezikhonkwane kuguquka, ifomu lezilonda zezimpawu zomzimba, kuqhuma.

Kwesinye isikhathi izitho eziningana zangaphakathi zithinteka ngokushesha, lokhu kuba imbangela yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ungasivimba kanjani lesi sifo

Ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kulula kakhulu. Into esemqoka ukuqapha impilo yakho ngokucophelela futhi wenze konke ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezinto ezisikhathazayo.

Umuntu ngamunye kufanele akwazi ukukala ngokuzimela umfutho wegazi ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uthenge idivaysi ekhethekile, ungathola amadivaysi amaningi alula angadingi amakhono akhethekile okuhlolwa.

Uma izinkomba zokucindezela isikhathi eside zingaphezulu kwe-140/90 mm RT. Ubuciko., Kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe futhi uphumelele zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Uma isiguli sine-hypertension, udokotela angabeka ama-statin nama-antiplatelet agents.

1. Umuntu onesifiso sokuthola ifa kufanele alandele indlela yokudla futhi aphile impilo enempilo, ukuze angavuki isifo. Njenge-prophylaxis, amakhambi esintu afakazelwe ngokumelene ne-hypercholesterolemia asetshenziswa. Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo nayo iyadingeka.
2. Ukugcina i-system ye-inhliziyo isesimweni esihle, isiguli siyelulekwa ukuba sidle ngendlela efanele. Imenyu kufanele ifake ukudla kwezitshalo, inhlanzi, inkukhu, ubisi lwe-skim, imifino nezithelo. Amafutha, okuthosiwe, ukudla okunosawoti nokudla okusheshayo kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni.
3. Lapho wenza izivivinyo zomzimba, kufanele ubheke isilinganiso futhi ungenzi ngokweqile, ukuze umzimba usesimweni esihle, kepha ungakhathali. Ngama-pathologies wezinhliziyo, odokotela batusa ukuhamba nokuhamba emoyeni omusha. Udinga ukuhamba okungenani amakhilomitha amathathu ngosuku noma wenze imithambo yokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30.
4. Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala kuchazwe kubantu abanesifiso sokuthola ifa.

Uma umuntu egula isifo sikashukela, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ukuze kugcinwe isimo semithambo yegazi futhi kuvikelwe nomzimba we-lipid metabolism. Udokotela uzonikeza ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-pathogenetic futhi akhethe umthamo ofanele wezidakamizwa.

Izici ze-etiology nezengozi ze-atherosclerosis zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.