Noma ngokuthandwa okudumayo kwamagama oshukela nalabo abasebenza kamnandi, kusenokudideka ngokuchazwa kwale minqondo.
Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi esikhundleni soshukela kubandakanyeka ku-metabolism, kunokuqukethwe kwekhalori, kudonswa kancane kunoshukela, okungabangeli ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga le-insulin ye-hormone.
Ngoba ezinye zazo zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo lapho kulungiswa ukudla kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Abakwa-Sweeteners abahlanganyeli kwi-metabolism futhi abanawo amakhalori. Banokunambitheka okumnandi okwedlula ubumnandi beshukela izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane.
Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwe-sweeteners, okususelwa ekungafani kokulungiselela kwabo:
- Imvelo, eyenziwe ngezithako zemvelo ezitholakala kumajikijolo, imifino, izithelo (fructose, sorbitol);
- Ama-Artificial, adalwe ngokuphelele kuma-laboratories amakhemikhali, awangenwa ngumzimba futhi awanalo inani lamandla (saccharin, aspartame).
Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezisobala uma usebenzisa ama-sweeteners:
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza ekwakhiweni kwazo ezisetshenziswayo;
- Ukuqinisa futhi kunothise ukunambitheka okungatholwa ngokuhlanganisa isiraphu enambitheka kanye nama-asidi;
- Isikhathi sesitoreji eside uma siqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo ekwakhiweni kwaso ushukela osetshenzisiwe;
- Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla, okubalulekile kulabo abakhuluphele;
- Ama-sweeteners wemvelo aqukethe amavithamini kanye namaminerali azuzayo emzimbeni;
- Zisiza ukukhulisa ukungasebenzi komzimba, zenze umfutho wegazi ngokwejwayelekile, futhi zilwe namagciwane emzimbeni wesibeletho.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, ama-sweeteners anokubi okuningi.
Uma umthamo owodwa obekiwe udlulwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukwehluka okuningana, isicanucanu kungenzeka;
Cishe wonke ama-sweeteners wemvelo ngokwemibandela yokunambitha awahambelani noshukela ojwayelekile, ngoba anokunambitheka okukhethekile;
Inani elikhulu lama-sweeteners okwenziwa emazweni amaningi lingaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqine, ngoba lingaba nomthelela ongemuhle emzimbeni womuntu futhi libhekwa njengekulimaza impilo.
Uhlaka. Inesikhundla esiphambili kuhlu lwabaswidi abadume kakhulu. Kuthatha indawo yemvelo etholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo. Inezakhiwo eziningi eziwusizo, phakathi kokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori kanye nenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic kunoshukela. I-Fructose ayinangozi ngokuphelele, ithambisa umzimba futhi inyusa izinga lokungazetheki komuntu. Kusetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yokudla.
ISorbitol (E420). Le nto itholakala kumajikijolo ama-rowan, i-hawthorn kanye nezinye izitshalo. Utshwala be-polyhydric, ngakho-ke, alithinti izinga likashukela osegazini futhi lisetshenziselwa ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala nasekudleni kokushukela. Kusetshenziswa hhayi embonini yokudla kuphela, kepha nasezemithi nasezimonyo. Uma ihlukunyezwa, ingadala imiphumela emibi njengokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo, ukushisa kwenhliziyo, nobuthakathaka.
I-Xylitol. I-sweetener yemvelo enambitha ushukela womoba. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekudleni kokudla; ​​isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwenziweni kwezinsini nasezinhlinini zomlomo, ngoba zivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.
UStevia. Yenziwe ngamaqabunga e-stevia futhi ingumkhiqizo wemvelo ngokuphelele. Kuze kube manje, yamukelwa njenge-sweetenerest enhle kunazo zonke, ayinawo amakhalori futhi imnandi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ushukela ushukela. Kwandisa ukungazinzi kwabantu, kusiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi.
I-Erythritol Kuyinto i-sweetener entsha, ukwenziwa kwayo okusebenzisa izithako zemvelo. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori kucishe kube yi-zero.
I-Erythritol ingelinye lama-sweeteners ambalwa angenayo imiphumela emibi.
ISachcharin (E954). Ingenye yamnandi kakhulu wakudala owenziwe, owatholakala emuva ngekhulu le-19. Isikhathi esithile kubhekwe njenge-carcinogenic impela, kepha ngemuva kwalokho leli qiniso lavunyelwa. Namuhla kusatshalaliswa kabanzi, kusetshenziselwa ukunambitha amakhekhe neziphuzo ezivuthayo. Usinda ushukela kumaswidi ngezikhathi ezingama-200. Iyancibilika kahle emanzini. I-calorie-free, ohlwini lwesifo sikashukela.
Phakathi kokushiyeka, i-aftertaste ethile kanye ne-aftertaste ingahlukaniswa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukuthola izifo ezithile.
Aspartame (E951). Wadalwa owenziwe elebhu elebhu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 edlule. Ukwakheka kwento kufaka inani lama-amino acid, limnandi kakhulu kune-sucrose. Isici esiyinhloko salokhu okushintshiwe yikhono laso lokufakwa kwi-metabolism.
Esibelethweni somuntu, i-aspartame ivele ibe yi-asidi ne-phenylalanic acid ne-methanol. Njengamanje, ukuphepha kwe-aspartame kuqashelwa yi-World Health Organisation, kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zesayensi enanini elikhulu lamazwe.
I-Aspartame iphawuleka ngokunambitheka kwe-stevia ne-saccharin, ngoba le nto cishe ayinayo i-aftertaste, futhi ukunambitheka cishe akunakubekeka. Kodwa-ke, i-aspartame inomdwebo obunzima uma uyiqhathanisa nabo - ayivumeli ukufudumala.
I-cyclamate ye-Sodium. Ungusawoti we-sodium ne-calcium we-cyclohexyl sulfamic acid. I-sweetener engenakhalori. Inempilo ende eshalofini, iyatholakala kalula, ayikhuphi amazinga kashukela egazini.
I-Sucralose. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo ngo-1991 kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukunambitheka kucishe kungahlukaniswa noshukela, akunambithi emile ngemuva. Kubonakala ngokuthi akungeni ekushintsheni kwezinto eziphilayo, kuthulwe kungashintshiwe. Akuwona umkhiqizo onekhalori ephezulu, akubangeli ukubola kwamazinyo, futhi kuze kube namuhla akukaze kube nemiphumela emibi ebikiwe.
Isomalt. Elinye igama yi-palatinitis noma i-isomalt. Kuyi-carbohydrate enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori, okukhona emvelweni ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo efana noju lwezinyosi, umhlanga, izindebe. Ukunambitheka kwe-sweetener kufana ne-sucrose, futhi ngokubukeka kwayo kufana noshukela owakhiwe, ngoba uqukethe izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ezingenamakha. Iyanyibilika emanzini.
I-Acesulfame K. Njengoba le nto ingabambeki ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke ayiyona ikhalori ephezulu futhi ingasetjenziselwa indawo kashukela kunoma ngubani olwa nesisindo ngokweqile. Ngokuphakeme kudlula ushukela ocwengekile ebusheni. Ehlelweni lokubola lwalesi sithambile, kukhiqizwa into eyi-acetoacetamide, lapho ngobuningi bayo inobuthi
I-Lactulose Ushukela okwenziwe ngawo oqukethe izinsalela ze-galactose ne-fructose molecule. Kubukeka njengomphunga omhlophe wekristali onambitheka omnandi futhi onephunga. Le nto ayitholakali emvelweni. Kungakho umzimba womuntu ungenawo ama-enzyme adingekayo futhi ungakwazi ukukhipha i-lactulose to cleavage. I-Lactulose idlula kulo lonke leli pheshana emathunjini amakhulu, lapho inomphumela omuhle khona, inomthelela ekuphindaphindweni kwamagciwane anenzuzo. Bayikhipha ngendlela yesiraphu ebizwa nge- "Dufalac".
Sladis. Njengamanje, ama-complexes kanye nokuxuba kwezinhlobo eziningana zokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela nakho kuyasetshenziswa kabanzi. Imikhiqizo enjalo ifaka i-sladine, okuyisengezo sesimanje sokudla okunempilo esingasetshenziswa ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Lo mkhiqizo unezinzuzo eziningi: unomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, isibindi nezinso, futhi unikela ekuqinisweni okuphelele kokungavikeleki komzimba. Ukwakheka komkhiqizo kufaka inani elikhulu lamavithamini namaminerali alusizo emzimbeni.
Labo bantu abasebenzisa lo mkhiqizo njalo bangabona ukuncipha okukhulu koshukela begazi. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Ama-sweeteners kanye nama-sweeteners adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela kufanele silandele indlela yokudla lapho ushukela ungafakwa ngokuphelele ekudleni. Ama-sweeteners angama-artificial low calories abuyisa ithuba lokuzwa ukunambitheka okumnandi kwabagulayo. Manje kwabaneshukela abanesifo sikashukela kukhiqizwa okunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-confectionery, ama-khekhe, amaswidi amnandi, iziphuzo ezinoshukela esikhundleni sikashukela.
Yimaphi ama-sweeteners afanele labo abanesifo sikashukela abachazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
