Ijusi le-pancreatic lingamanzi omgudu wokugaya ukudla okhiqizwa ama-pancreas, emva kwalokho ungena duodenum ngokusebenzisa iWirsung duct ne-papilla enkulu ye-duodenal.
Ijusi le-pancreatic liqukethe ama-enzyme wokugaya asiza ukugaya ukudla okwenziwe ngabantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaprotheni kanye nezinto zesitashi, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate.
Njengoba ama-pancreas enomshini oyinkimbinkimbi we-neuro-humoral, ukukhishwa kwejusi le-pancreatic kuyabonakala ekudleni ngakunye. Ukusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-2000 ml kukhiqizwa phakathi nosuku.
Cabanga ukuthi yimaphi ama-enzyme kushukela we-pancreatic womuntu, futhi yini ukusebenza kwawo?
Umshini wokwakhiwa kwejusi le-pancreatic
Inqubo ejwayelekile yokugaya ukudla ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwamanyikwe, ekhipha uketshezi olusiza ekuqhekeni amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okhethekile.
Ukulungiswa kokudla kuqala emgodini womlomo, kuhlangana ngamathe. Lokhu kusiza inqubo yokungena esiswini. Ibheka ukucutshungulwa kokudla kusetshenziswa uketshezi lwesisu, bese ingena duodenum.
I-pancreatic duct ivula ungene ku-lumen yayo. Kusuka kulo ukuthi ujusi we-pancreatic uza nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezisiza ukugaya ukudla. Endaweni efanayo kuvulwa i-bile duct, kuqhuba i-bile.
UBile usebenza njengohlobo lomsizi kumanyikwe. Kuyasiza ukwenza kusebenze izingxenye ezithile ze-enzymatic ze-pancreatic fluid, kuphule izicubu ezinamafutha, ngenxa yalokho abachitha ngokushesha futhi kube lula. Qaphela ukuthi i-insulin ayiyona ingxenye yejusi ye-pancreatic. Le hormone ivela kumaseli we-beta ngqo egazini lomuntu.
I-physiology ye-gland injalo kangangokuba iqala ukukhiqiza isakhi esifunekayo lapho kuphendulwa ukudla. Isiginali sesitho uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lomthethonqubo we-neurohumoral.
Ukuphelelwa yizinzwa okuqhamuke kakhulu ngendlela yama-receptors abona ukuthi ukudla kungukucasulayo kutholakala endaweni yolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomlomo wesisu, isisu, ne-duodenum. Ukuthambekela kudluliselwa nge-vagus nerve kuya e-medulla oblongata, lapho indawo yokugaya yenziwa khona endaweni.
Ingqondo ihlaziya isiginali etholakele, bese inikeza "umyalo" kwinqubo yokumba ukudla. Ithumela umfutho emathunjini, ikakhulukazi, emangqamuzaneni ayo, afihla i-secretin ye-hormone nesisu, okhiqiza izinto - pepsin, gastrin.
Lapho la mahormoni engena kumanyikwe kanye negazi, avusa inqubo yokukhiqiza ijusi le-pancreatic.
Izithako ze-Pancreatic Juice
Ngakho-ke, yini ukwakheka nezakhiwo zejusi le-pancreatic? Njengoba sekushiwo, ukwakhiwa kufaka phakathi ama-enzyme asiza ukuqeda ukudla. Cishe kukhishwe amalitha amanzi ayi-1.5 ngosuku (ngokwesilinganiso). Izinga lokwakheka liphansi - kufinyelela ku-4,5 ml ngomzuzu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugaywe kahle kuyenqatshelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi kudliwe masinyane, kuthathe ukudla ngezingcezu ezinkulu nokuhlafuna. Kulokhu, i-pancreas imane ayinaso isikhathi sokusebenza, kepha ayinakukhulisa umkhiqizo.
Ukuqanjwa - ngaphezu kwe-90% yamanzi, cishe ama-2-3% wezinto eziphilayo, ama-enzyme, ama-bicarbonate, i-sodium ne-calcium chloride, njll. Inama-enzymes e-amylolytic ne-lipolytic, proteinase.
Lawa ama-enzymes amathathu aphambili lapho kugcinwa khona ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ama-enzymes wokugaya anegalelo ekukhuliseni, ahlukanise ama-molecule abe amancanyana, kuyilapho izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ziguqulwa zibe ezilula, ezingangenwa emgudwini wesisu futhi zingene egazini.
Ama-enzyme we-pancreatic juice:
- Ama-enzymes ama-Amylolytic amelelwa yi-alpha-amylase. Ukubaluleka kwaso emzimbeni ukuthi le ngxenye isiza ukudiliza amakhompiyutha wesitashi. Leli qembu lama-enzyme lifaka ne-maltase ne-lactase.
- Ama-enzymes weProteolipolytic. Amaprotheni eza nokudla awangenwa wedwa emgodini wokugaya ukudla ngokwawo, ngakho-ke nawo kudingeka ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezincanyana. I-Trypsin, i-nuclease ne-chymotrypsin zisiza ukulawula le nqubo. Bafika besesimweni esingasebenzi, bayasebenza ngemuva kwalokho. Ama-molecule ezinhlayiya zamaprotheni aguqulwa aba ngama-peptides, emva kwalokho angena kuma-amino acid nama-nucleic acid asezingeni lamaselula.
- Ama-enzyme e-Lipolytic. Ukwehlisa amakhompiyutha anamafutha, udinga i-bile. Kubonakala njenge-emulsifier yamakhemikhali ephula i-lipid ibe izinhlayiya ezincane. I-Lipase ithathwa ukukhuthaza le nqubo, futhi i-glycerol namafutha acid atholakala ekuphumeni.
Ukwanda kwenani lamanzi e-pancreatic biological ngaphezu kokuvamile kuvusa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwamanyikwe, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala ukuthi pancreatitis iyatholakala. I-Pathology igcwele futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukushoda kwesinye isikhathi kuyimbangela yokwanda kwesifiso sokudla, yize kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukudla. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, isiguli sidla okuningi, kepha nokho sehlisa isisindo, ngoba izakhi zokudla okunempilo azikwazi ukungena emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukusabela kwejusi le-pancreatic yi-alkali. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokunciphisa amandla okuqukethwe kwe-asidi okuvela esiswini ukuze i-hydrochloric acid ingavimbi umsebenzi wama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla.
Umphumela wokudla secretion we-pancreatic
Uma kungekho kudla esiswini somuntu, khona-ke isitho sangaphakathi sibamba iqhaza emsebenzini wesikhathi esithile wesitho sokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuyabonakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, izingane zasenkulisa, intsha, abadala. Ngamanye amagama, wonke umuntu.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwesikhashana kubonakaliswa izinkathi zomsebenzi wobumfihlo, ohlangana nezikhathi zokuphumula komzimba. Lapho kutholwa ukwanda komsebenzi wezimfihlo, bese kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30. Kukhona ukwehlukaniswa okungabi ngaphezu kwamamililitha amabili wejusi le-pancreatic, equkethe ukugcwala okuningana kwama-enzyme wokugaya.
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukukhiqiza uketshezi lokugaya akubonwa. Ngenqubo yokudla nangemva kwayo, secretion yejusi iba okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wale ngxenye, amandla ayo wokugaya kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kunqunywa yikhwalithi nenani lokudla elichithiweyo.
Kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesayensi, olwasungula izici zokwabiwa kwejusi lapho kudliwa imikhiqizo yenyama, isinkwa nobisi. Imiphumela yethulwe ilabhorethri kaPavlov:
- Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yenyama, ukukhiqizwa koketshezi lwe-pancreatic kufinyelela umkhawulo ngehora lesibili, ngemuva kokuncipha ngokushesha, kuphela emahoreni angama-4-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokudla. Le mininingwane yethulwe etafuleni lokuqhathanisa neminye imikhiqizo yokuqhathanisa.
- Ngemuva kokudla isinkwa, kukhuphuka ukukhishwa kwejusi le-pancreatic emahoreni ambalwa okuqala. Okusho ukuthi, umsebenzi wobumfihlo wesitho sangaphakathi kuyafana nangokudla inyama. Isikhathi salo msebenzi sifinyelela emahoreni angu-9.
- Ngemuva kokudla ubisi, kukhona ukwanda okuhamba kancane kokuhlukaniswa kwejusi ngehora lokuqala. Ngehora lesibili, umsebenzi wokugcina imfihlo uyancipha. Ngehora lesithathu yanda futhi, ifinyelela umkhawulo wayo. Ngehora lesithathu, ujusi ukhiqizwa kaninginingi ukwedlula ngehora lokuqala. Ukukhiqiza kuyeka ngokuphelele amahora angama-5-6 ngemuva kokudla.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuqhathanisa umthamo wejusi le-pancreatic, elihlanganiswe ngokudla ukudla - inyama, ubisi nesinkwa, singafinyelela iziphetho ezithile. Iningi lejusi liwela isinkwa, okuncane okuncane enyameni kanti ubuncane babelwa ubisi.
Lolu cwaningo lufakazela ukuthi ama-pancreas anekhono lokuzivumelanisa namanani ahlukahlukene kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo, ngoba lapho udla ukudla okuhlukile, kuba noshintsho enanini lejusi eliveziwe.
Uketshezi lwebhayoloji oluvezwe yi-pancreas lujusi, ngaphandle kwalo ukugaya okujwayelekile kokudla kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo ezinezakhi zomzimba akunakwenzeka. Ngama-pathologies wesitho sangaphakathi kanye ne-exocrine pancreatic insuffence, lezi zinqubo ziyaphazamiseka, ezidinga ukwelashwa.
Imisebenzi yamanyikwe ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
