Ama-pancreatic beta cell antibodies ngamaprotheni athile ahlanganiswe emzimbeni futhi athinta amaseli we-beta aslets ye-Langerhans.
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi uhlobo Iabetes mellitus (DM) yisifo se-autoimmune, futhi kwenzeka lapho amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye amaseli e-beta ethintwa yi-antibody. Amaseli weBeta atholakala eziqhingini zeLangerhans futhi anesibopho sokukhishwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone.
Kusukela kuqale kubonakale izimpawu zomtholampilo esigulini ngemuva kokushona okuphelele kokusebenza kokuthola insulin, kubalulekile ukukhomba lesi sifo esisesigabeni esingezansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqokwa kwe-insulin kuzokwenzeka ekuqaleni, futhi inkambo yesifo izoba mnene.
Ama-antibodies (AT), abhekene nokuvela kwenqubo ye-pathological, ahlukanisiwe kuzinsiza ezilandelayo:
- amasosha omzimba wokumisa amaseli we-pancreas;
- ama-antibodies e-tyrosinophosphatase;
- ama-insulin antibodies;
- amanye ama-antibodies athile.
Izinto ezingenhla zingokwesibonisi se-immunoglobulin se-antibody of subclass G.
Ukushintshwa kusuka esigabeni esinqunyiwe kuya esigabeni somtholampilo kuyahambisana nokwenziwa kwenani elikhulu lama-antibodies. Okusho ukuthi, incazelo yama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic beta asemqoka ngokusezingeni elifanele kulesi sigaba sesifo.
Ayini ama-antibodies kumaseli we-beta namaseli e-beta?
Amaseli we-pancreatic beta angamamaki wenqubo ye-autoimmune ebangela ukulimala kumaseli akhiqiza i-insulin. Ama-antibodies angama-Seropositive kumaseli ama-islet atholakala kumaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo I.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-99 wamacala, indlela yokuthola isifo sikashukela exhaswe yi-insulin ihlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kokulimala emzimbeni. Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli we-organ kuholela ekuphulweni okuqinile kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin ye-hormone, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-metabolic.
Njengoba ama-antibodies isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala, angabonakala iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo se-pathological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu lama-antibodies livame ukutholwa ezihlotsheni zegazi zeziguli. Ukutholwa kwama-antibodies ezihlotsheni kunguphawu lwengozi enkulu yezifo.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-islet of pancreas (pancreas) zimelelwa ngamaseli ahlukahlukene. Okuthandekayo kwezokwelapha uthando lwama-islet beta cell nama-antibodies. Lamaseli ahlanganisa i-insulin. I-insulin yi-hormone ethinta i-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli we-beta ahlinzeka ngamazinga we-insulin ayisisekelo.
Futhi, amaseli we-islet akhiqiza i-C peptide, ukutholwa kwawo kungophawu olufundisayo lwe-autoimmuneabetes mellitus.
Ama-pathologies ala mangqamuzana, ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, afaka isimila esibucayi esivela kuwo. I-insulinoma ihambisana nokuncipha kwe-serum glucose.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-pancreatic antibody
I-Serodiagnosis yama-antibodies kuya kumaseli we-beta kuyindlela ethile futhi ebucayi yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela i-autoimmune.
Izifo ze-Autoimmune yizifo ezikhula ngenxa yokuwohloka kwamasosha omzimba. Ekukhubazekeni kwamasosha omzimba, amaprotheni athile ahlanganiswa “ngokugwinya” amaseli omzimba ngokwawo. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwama-antibodies, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana athambile kuwo kwenzeka.
Ezokwelapha zesimanje, izifo eziningi ziye zakhonjwa, zicasulwe ukuwohloka komthetho we-autoimmune, phakathi kwazo:
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala.
- I-Autoimmune thyroiditis.
- I-Autoimmune hepatitis.
- Izifo ze-rheumatological kanye nabanye abaningi.
Izimo lapho kufanele kwenziwe khona ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody:
- uma izihlobo zinesifo sikashukela;
- lapho uthola amasosha omzimba kwezinye izitho zomzimba;
- ukubonakala kokumiswa emzimbeni;
- ukubonakala kwephunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni;
- ukoma okungagculisi;
- isikhumba esomile
- umlomo owomile
- ukunciphisa umzimba, naphezu kokudla okujwayelekile;
- ezinye izinkomba ezithile.
Izinto zokucwaninga zingamagazi a-venous. Isampula yegazi kufanele yenziwe esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni. Ukunqunywa kwe-antibody titer kuthatha isikhathi. Kumuntu ophile kahle, ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwama-antibodies egazini kuyinto evamile. Ukuphakama kokuhlaselwa kwama-antibodies e-serum yegazi, kukhulu ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela kungekudala.
Ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, ama-AT awela ezingeni elincane.
Siyini isifo sikashukela se-autoimmune?
I-Autoimmune sikashukela i- mellitus (isifo sikashukela se-LADA) yisifo sokulawula i-endocrine esisebenza sisebancane. Isifo sikashukela se-Autoimmune senzeka ngenxa yokwehlulwa kwamaseli we-beta ngama-antibodies. Kokubili umuntu omdala nengane bangagula, kepha ikakhulukazi baqala ukugula besebancane.
Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo ukwanda okuqhubekayo koshukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sibonisa nge-polyuria, ukoma okungenakuqhathaniswa, izinkinga ngesifiso sokudla, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka, nobuhlungu besisu. Ngenkambo ende, kuvela umoya we-acetone.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-insulin, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamaseli we-beta.
Phakathi kwezici zokuzitika ngamehlo, okubaluleke kakhulu yile:
- Ukuxineka. Muva nje, ososayensi baveze ukuthi i-pancreatic spectrum yamasosha omzimba yenziwa ukuphendula izitshengiselo ezithile ezivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kokucindezelwa kwengqondo okujwayelekile komzimba.
- Izici zofuzo. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yakamuva, lesi sifo sifakwa ezinhlotsheni zabantu.
- Izici zemvelo.
- Umbono wegciwane Ngokusho kocwaningo oluningana lodokotela, ezinye izinhlobo zama-Enteroviruse, i-rubella virus, kanye negciwane le-mumps zingadala ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies athize.
- Amakhemikhali nemithi futhi angathinta kabi isimo sokulawulwa komzimba.
- I-pancreatitis engapheli ingabandakanya iziqhingi zamaLangerhans kwinqubo.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo se-pathological kufanele kube nzima futhi kube yi-pathogenetic. Izinhloso zokwelashwa ukunciphisa inani lama-autoantibodies, ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zesifo, ibhalansi ye-metabolic, ukungabikho kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zibandakanya izinkinga ze-vascular and neva, izilonda zesikhumba, ukoma okuhlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelanisa ijika lezondlamzimba, ukwethula imfundo yasemzimbeni empilweni yeziguli.
Ukufinyeleleka kwemiphumela kwenzeka lapho isiguli sizibophezele ngokuzimele ekwelashweni futhi sazi ukuthi singalawula kanjani amazinga kashukela egazi.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwama-antibody Amaseli we-Beta
Isisekelo sokwelashwa okubuyiselwe ukuphathwa kwe-insulin. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi ethile eyenziwayo ukufeza ukulinganisela kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamalungiselelo we-insulin. Bahlukanisa izidakamizwa ngobude besenzo: isenzo se-ultrashort, isenzo esifushane, ubude besikhathi esiphakathi kanye nokwenza isikhathi eside.
Ngokwamazinga wokuzihlanzwa kokungcola, ahlukaniswa ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-monopic kanye nohlu lwengxenye eyodwa. Ngokwemvelaphi, bahlukanisa isibuko sezilwane (i-bovine nengulube), izinhlobo zesintu nezinhlobo ezakhiwe ngofuzo. Ukwelapha kungaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokungezwani komzimba kanye ne-dystrophy yezicubu ze-adipose, kepha esigulini kusindisa impilo.
Izimpawu zesifo se-pancreatic zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
