I-Apidra intela ephindaphindayo ye-insulin yabantu, isithako esisebenzayo esikhulu yi-glulisin. Ubumqoka bomuthi ukuthi uqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kune-insulin yomuntu, kepha isikhathi sezenzo siphansi kakhulu.
Uhlobo lomthamo walesi se-insulin yisisombululo sokulawulwa okungaphansi, uketshezi olucacile noma olungenamibala. I-ml eyodwa yesixazululo iqukethe i-3.49 mg yento esebenzayo, elingana ne-100 IU ye-insulin yabantu, kanye nezikhombi, kubandakanya amanzi wokujova ne-sodium hydroxide.
Intengo ye-insulin Apidra iyahluka ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokushintshwa kwamanje. Ngokwesilinganiso eRussia, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angathenga isidakamizwa kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2000 ukuya ku-2000.
Umphumela wokwelapha umuthi
Isenzo esibaluleke kakhulu se-Apidra umthetho olandelwayo we-glucose metabolism egazini, i-insulin iyakwazi ukwehlisa ukugxilisa ushukela, ngaleyo ndlela ivusele ukumuncwa kwayo yimisipha yangaphandle:
- okunamafutha;
- umsipha wamathambo.
I-insulin ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose esibindini sesiguli, i-adipocyte lipolysis, i-proteinolysis, futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni.
Ocwaningweni olwenziwe kubantu abanempilo kanye neziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-glulisin okungaqondakali kunika umphumela osheshayo, kepha isikhathi esifushane, uma siqhathaniswa ne-insulin yabantu.
Ngokuphathwa kwe-drug subcutaneous of the drug, umphumela we-hypoglycemic uzokwenzeka kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-20, ngemijovo ye-intravenous lo mphumela ulingana namandla esenzweni se-insulin yomuntu. Iyunithi le-Apidra libonakaliswa ngumsebenzi we-hypoglycemic, olingana neyunithi le-insulin yabantu encibilikayo.
I-Apidra insulin ilawulwa imizuzu emi-2 ngaphambi kokudla okuhlosiwe, okuvumela ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kwe-postprandial glycemic, okufana ne-insulin yabantu, ekhishwa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulawula okunjalo kuhamba phambili.
Uma i-glulisin ihanjiswa imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokudla, ingaba nokulawulwa kokuxiliswa koshukela wegazi, okulingana ne-insulin yomuntu elawulwa imizuzu emi-2 ngaphambi kokudla.
I-insulin izohlala egazini imizuzu engama-98.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi
Inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin Apidra SoloStar i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esincike kakhulu sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili, umuthi ungabekelwa abadala nezingane ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Contraindication kuzoba yi-hypoglycemia nokungabekezelelani ngakunye kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesidakamizwa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, i-Apidra isetshenziswa ngokuqapha ngokweqile.
I-insulin ikhishwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla noma imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngemuva kokudla. Imvamisa, i-Apidra SoloStar iyanconywa emarejimeni wokulashwa kwe-insulin wesikhathi esiphakathi, ngama-anhibes we-insulin isikhathi eside. Kwezinye iziguli, zingabekwa kanye namaphilisi we-hypoglycemic.
Kumuntu ngamunye onesifo sikashukela, kufanele kukhethwe irejimeni yomthamo ngamunye, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngokwehluleka kwezinso, isidingo saleli hormone sincishiswa kakhulu.
Umuthi uvunyelwe ukuphathwa ngokungaxutshiwe, ukufakwa endaweni yamafutha angaphansi. Izindawo ezilungele kakhulu ukuphathwa kwe-insulin:
- Belly
- ithanga
- ehlombe.
Lapho kunesidingo sokumiliselwa okuqhubekayo, isingeniso senziwa kuphela esiswini. Odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukushintshwa kwezindawo zokujova, qiniseka ukuthi balandela izindlela zokuphepha. Lokhu kuzovikela ukungena kwe-insulin emithanjeni yegazi. Ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous ngokusebenzisa izindonga zesifunda sesisu kuyisiqinisekiso sokufakwa komuthi okwedlulele kunokuba kungeniswe kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ngemuva komjovo, kwenqatshelwe ukufaka indawo yomjovo, udokotela kufanele atshele ngalokhu ngesikhathi esifushane sendlela efanele yokusebenzisa umuthi.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa akufanele sihlanganiswe namanye ama-insulin, okuwukuphela kwalokhu kulo mthetho kuzoba yi-insulin Isofan. Uma uhlanganisa i-Apidra ne-Isofan, udinga ukuyishayela kuqala bese ngokushesha unama.
Ama-Cartridges kumele asetshenziswe ngepeni yesirinji ye-OptiPen Pro1 noma ngedivayisi efanayo, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela izincomo zomenzi:
- ukugcwaliswa kwebhokisi
- ukujoyina inaliti;
- ukwethulwa kwalo muthi.
Isikhathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ucingo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlola kokubonwayo kwalo; isixazululo somjovo kufanele sibe sobala ngokwedlulele, singenamibala, ngaphandle kokubonakala okuqinile.
Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-cartridge kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni kwegumbi okungenani amahora angama-1-2, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwe-insulin, umoya ususwa ebhokisini. Ama-cartridge asetshenzisiwe futhi akufanele agcwaliswe; ipeni lesirinji elonakalisiwe liyalahlwa. Lapho usebenzisa uhlelo lwepompo lokuphamba ukukhiqiza i-insulin eqhubekayo, ukuxutshwa kuyenqatshelwe!
Ngeminye imininingwane, sicela ufunde imiyalo esetshenzisiwe. Lezi ziguli ezilandelayo ziphathwa ngokucophelela:
- nomsebenzi wokuphazamiseka wezinso (kunesidingo sokubukeza umthamo we-insulin);
- ngokusebenza kwesibindi okungasebenzi kahle (isidingo se-hormone singancipha).
Akunalwazi ezifundweni ze-pharmacokinetic zomuthi ezigulini esezikhulile, noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leli qembu leziguli linganciphisa isidingo se-insulin ngenxa yokusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwe-renal.
Izilokazana ze-Apidra insulin zingasetshenziswa ngohlelo lwe-insulin olususelwa kumpompo, isirinji le-insulin elinesilinganiso esifanele. Ngemuva komjovo ngamunye, inaliti iyasuswa esibayeni bese isilahlwa. Le ndlela izosiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala kwezidakamizwa, ukungena komoya kanye nokuvaleka kwenaliti. Awukwazi ukuhlola impilo yakho futhi usebenzise izinaliti.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, ipeni lesirinji eligcwalisiwe lisebenzisa kuphela isifo sikashukela esisodwa, alikwazi ukudluliselwa kwabanye abantu.
Amacala wemiphumela ngokweqile nemiphumela emibi
Ngokuvamile, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela singaba nomphumela ongathandeki njenge-hypoglycemia.
Kwezinye izimo, umuthi ubangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba nokuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kungumbuzo we-lipodystrophy ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, uma isiguli singazange silandele isincomo ngokushintshwa kwezindawo zokujova kwe-insulin.
Okunye ukusabela okungahle kube nakho kufaka phakathi:
- i-suffocation, urticaria, i-dermatitis ye-allergic (imvamisa);
- ukuqina kwesifuba (akuvamile).
Ngokubonakaliswa kokuphendula okujwayelekile komzimba, kukhona ingozi empilweni yesiguli. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi unake impilo yakho futhi ulalele ukuphazamiseka kwayo okuncane.
Lapho kwenzeka okweqisa okwedlulele, isiguli sihlakulela i-hypoglycemia yobunzima obuhlukahlukene. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kukhonjisiwe:
- i-hypoglycemia emnene - ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe ushukela (kwisifo sikashukela kufanele babe ngaso sonke isikhathi);
- i-hypoglycemia enamandla ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi - ukumisa kwenziwa ngokuphatha i-1 ml ye-glucagon ngokunqenqemana noma nge-intramuscularly, i-glucose ingalawulwa ngokuqondile (uma isiguli singaphenduli i-glucagon).
Lapho nje isiguli sibuyela ezingqondweni, kudingeka sidle inani elincane lama-carbohydrate.
Njengomphumela we-hypoglycemia noma i-hyperglycemia, kunengozi yekhono lesiguli elingakwazi ukugxila, shintsha ijubane lokuphendula kwe-psychomotor. Lokhu kubeka usongo oluthile lapho ushayela izimoto noma ezinye izindlela.
Kufanele kunakwe kakhulu abanesifo sikashukela abanamandla ancishisiwe noma angekho ngokuphelele wokubona izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ezayo. Kubalulekile naseziqeshini ezivamisile zoshukela olwejwayelekile.
Lezi ziguli kufanele zithathe isinqumo sokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphatha izimoto nezinqubo ngazinye.
Ezinye izincomo
Ngokusetshenziswa okufanayo kwe-insulin Apidra SoloStar nezidakamizwa ezithile, kungahle kube nokwenyuka noma ukuncipha kokuqagela ekwandisweni kwe-hypoglycemia, kuyisiko ukufaka izindlela ezinjalo:
- i-hypoglycemic yomlomo;
- Ama-inhibitors e-ACE;
- imicu;
- Ama-Disopyramid;
- Mao inhibitors;
- I-Fluoxetine;
- I-Pentoxifylline;
- ama-salicylates;
- I-Propoxyphene;
- sulfonamide antimicrobials.
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic ungancipha ngokushesha amahlandla ambalwa uma i-insulin glulisin ilawulwa ndawonye nezidakamizwa: ama-diuretics, ama-phenothiazine, ama-hormone e-thyroid, ama-protease inhibitors, ama-antipsychotropic, ama-glucocorticosteroids, ama-Isoniazid, i-Phenothiazine, iSomatropin, ama-sympathomimetics.
I-Pentamidine yezidakamizwa cishe ihlala ine-hypoglycemia ne-hyperglycemia. I-Ethanol, usawoti we-lithium, i-beta-blockers, i-Clonidine yezidakamizwa ingaba namandla futhi yenze buthaka kancane umphumela we-hypoglycemic.
Uma kunesidingo sokudlulisela isifo sikashukela kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin noma uhlobo olusha lwezidakamizwa, ukuqapha ngokuqinile ngudokotela ohambelayo kubalulekile. Lapho kusetshenziswa umthamo owanele we-insulin noma isiguli senza isinqumo sokuyeka ukwelashwa, lokhu kuzodala ukuthuthuka:
- i-hyperglycemia enzima;
- isifo sikashukela sikashukela.
Zombili lezi zimo zibeka engcupheni impilo yesiguli.
Uma kunokushintshwa kokujwayeza ukusebenza kwemoto, ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yokudla okudliwayo, ukulungiswa komthamo kungafuneka. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla kungakhulisa amathuba we-hypoglycemia.
Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela siguqula isidingo se-insulin uma sinokugula ngokweqile ngokomzwelo noma izifo ezenzeka njalo. Le ndlela iqinisekiswa izibuyekezo, odokotela neziguli.
I-Apidra insulin iyadingeka ukuthi igcinwe endaweni emnyama, okumele ivikelwe ezinganeni iminyaka emi-2. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina lomuthi lisuka kuma-2 kuya ku-8 degrees, kwenqatshelwe ukukhipha i-insulin!
Ngemuva kokuqala kokusetshenziswa, ama-cartridge agcinwa endaweni yokushisa engeqi ama-degree angama-25, alungele ukusetshenziswa inyanga yonke.
Imininingwane ye-Apidra insulin inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
