Okungenani ama-25% abantu abanesifo sikashukela abazi ukuthi bagula yini. Benza ibhizinisi ngokuzithoba, abanaki izimpawu, futhi ngalesi sikhathi isifo sikashukela sibhubhisa imizimba yabo kancane kancane. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi ungumbulali othule. Isikhathi sokuqala sokunganaki isifo sikashukela kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwezinso, ukulahleka kombono, noma izinkinga zomlenze. Imvamisa, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uwela ekhefini ngenxa kashukela omningi, adlule ekunakekelweni okunzulu abese eqala ukwelashwa.
Kuleli khasi, uzofunda imininingwane ebalulekile ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Nazi izimpawu zokuqala ezingabikwa kalula ngoshintsho olubandayo noma oluhlobene nobudala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili yethu, uzoqapha. Thatha isenzo ngesikhathi ukuvikela izinkinga kwisifo sikashukela. Uma usola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, qhathanisa nezimpawu zakho nalezi ezichazwe ngezansi. Ngemuva kwalokho yiya elabhorethri bese uyohlola igazi ushukela. Eliphezulu akuyona ukuhlaziya ushukela wokuzila, kepha ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Thola ushukela wegazi lakho ukuze uqonde imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho. Uma ushukela uphakanyisiwe, bese ulandela indlela yezinyathelo zesinyathelo zokwelapha isifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokudla okulambile, imijovo ye-insulin namaphilisi alimazayo. Iningi labesilisa nabesifazane asebekhulile abazinaki izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kubo nasezinganeni zabo. Banethemba lokuthi "mhlawumbe kuzodlula." Ngeshwa, leli isu elingaphumeleli. Ngoba iziguli ezinje zisaya kudokotela kamuva, kepha zisesimweni esibi kakhulu.
Uma izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zibonakala enganeni noma kumuntu osemusha ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ngaphandle kokukhulu ngokweqile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kuluhlobo 1 sikashukela. Ukuyelapha, kuzofanela ufake i-insulin. Uma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma indoda eneminyaka yobudala engama-40 kanye nokusolwa ngokweqile kusola isifo sikashukela, lokhu mhlawumbe uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Kepha lolu lwazi olukhombisa kuphela. Udokotela - i-endocrinologist izokwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Funda isihloko esithi “Ukuxilongwa Uhlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.”
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1
Njengomthetho, izimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala zikhuphuka kumuntu ngokushesha, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi kakhulu. Imvamisa isiguli siba nenkinga yesifo sikashukela (siphelelwe yimizwa), siphuthunyiswe esibhedlela futhi sivele satholakala nesifo sikashukela.
Sibala izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1:
- ukoma kakhulu: umuntu uphuza kuze kufike kumalitha ama-3-5 amanzi uketshezi ngosuku;
- iphunga le-acetone emoyeni ophelile;
- isiguli sikhulise isifiso sokudla, sidla kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sinciphisa kakhulu isisindo;
- ukuchama kaningi futhi okunamaphutha amaningi (lokhu kubizwa nge- polyuria), ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
- amanxeba awapholi kahle;
- isikhumba, uma kunesikhunta noma amathumba.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sivame ukuqala amasonto angama-2-2 ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane (umkhuhlane, i-rubella, isimungumungwane, njll.) Noma ukucindezela okukhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lukhula kancane kancane ngaphezulu kweminyaka eminingana, imvamisa kubantu abadala. Umuntu uhlala ekhathele, amanxeba akhe aphulukiswa kahle, umbono wakhe uyancipha futhi inkumbulo yakhe iya iba mbi. Kepha akaboni ukuthi empeleni lezi yizimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala ngengozi.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luphawulwa ngu:
- izikhalazo ezijwayelekile: ukukhathala, umbono ofiphele, izinkinga zememori;
- isikhumba esinenkinga: ukulunywa, isikhunta esivamile, amanxeba kanye nanoma yimuphi umonakalo uphola kahle;
- ukoma - kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-3-5 kajusi ngosuku;
- umuntu uvame ukuvuka ukubhala ebusuku (!);
- izilonda emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, kuqwasha noma ukudinwa emilenzeni, kubuhlungu lapho uhamba;
- kwabesifazane - ama-thrush, okunzima ukwelapha;
- ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo - ukuncipha ngaphandle kokudla;
- isifo sikashukela siqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu - kuma-50% eziguli;
- ukulahleka kombono, isifo sezinso, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe, unhlangothi, ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ku-20-30% weziguli (bona udokotela ngokushesha, unganqikazi!).
Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, kanye nokukhathala, amanxeba ephulukisa kabi, ukuwa ngamehlo, ukuwohloka kwememori - ungabi ubuvila kakhulu ukubheka ushukela wakho wegazi. Uma iphakanyisiwe - udinga ukwelashwa. Uma ungakwenzi lokhu, uzokufa kusenesikhathi, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho uzoba nesikhathi sokuhlupheka okunzima kwesifo sikashukela (ukungaboni, ukuhluleka kwezinso, izilonda zomlenze ne-gangrene, unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
Ukulawula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungahle kube lula kunokuba ucabanga.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Lapho ingane iqala ukuba nesifo sikashukela, izimpawu zayo zizokhishwa kakhulu kulabo ababonwa ngabantu abadala. Funda i-athikili enemininingwane, "Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni." Lolu lwazi oluwusizo kubo bonke abazali futhi ikakhulukazi odokotela. Ngoba emkhakheni wezingane, isifo sikashukela siyivelakancane kakhulu. Odokotela bavame ukuthatha izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni njengezibonakaliso zezinye izifo.
Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ziyashuba, lesi sifo siqala kungazelelwe. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isimo sempilo siya ngokuya sikhula kancane. Phambilini, kuphela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esasithathwa njengesifo “sabancane”, kepha manje lo mkhawulo usufiphele. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, ukukhuluphala kuvame ukungabikho.
Ukuhlukanisa ushukela wohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, uzodinga ukuthi uhlole umchamo ushukela, kanye negazi le-glucose ne-C-peptide. Funda kabanzi esihlokweni esithi “Ukuxilongwa Uhlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.”
Ukuchazwa kwezimpawu ezithile zesifo sikashukela
Manje sizokuchaza ukuthi kungani, ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, iziguli zinezimpawu ezithile. Uma uqonda ukukhishwa, ungalapha ngempumelelo futhi ulawule ushukela wakho.
Ukoma nokukhuphuka komchamo (i-polyuria)
Esikhathini sikashukela, ngasizathu simbe, izinga loshukela (ushukela) egazini liyakhuphuka. Umzimba uzama ukuwuqeda - ukhonkotha ngomchamo. Kepha uma ukugcwala koshukela kumchamo kuphezulu kakhulu, izinso ngeke zikuphuthe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nomchamo omningi.
Ukuze “ukhiqize” umchamo omningi, umzimba udinga amanzi alinganayo. Ngakho-ke kunophawu lokoma ngokweqile kwesifo sikashukela. Isiguli sinokuchama kaningi. Uvuka kaningana ebusuku - lokhu kuwuphawu lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela.
Ukumamatheka kwe-acetone emoyeni ophelile
Isifo sikashukela, kune-glucose eningi egazini, kepha amangqamuzana awanakubamba, ngoba i-insulin ayanele noma ayisebenzi kahle. Ngakho-ke, amangqamuzana omzimba (ngaphandle kobuchopho) aguqula ukondleka ngokugcinwa kwamafutha.
Lapho umzimba uphula amafutha, kuvela “okubizwa ngokuthi yimizimba ye-ketone” (b-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, acetone). Lapho ukuhlangana kwemizimba ye-ketone esegazini kukhuphuka, kuqala ukudedelwa ngenkathi uphefumula, futhi iphunga le-acetone libonakala likhona emoyeni.
I-ketoacidosis - ukhehla lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Kube nephunga le-acetone emoyeni ophelile - kusho ukuthi umzimba ushintshela ekudleni amafutha, kanti nemizimba ye-ketone ijikeleza egazini. Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 singathathwanga ngesikhathi (i-insulin), khona-ke ukugcwala kwale mizimba ye-ketone kuphakama kakhulu.
Kulokhu, umzimba awunaso isikhathi sokuwacindezela, futhi ubuthi begazi buyashintsha. I-pH yegazi kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo emincane kakhulu (7.35 ... 7.45). Uma ehamba kancane nje ngalena yemingcele - kukhona ukubekeka phansi, ukozela, ukulahlekelwa yinhliziyo, isicanucanu (kwesinye isikhathi sokuhlanza), hhayi kubuhlungu obukhali esiswini. Konke lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.
Uma umuntu ewa enkingeni ngenxa ye-ketoacidosis, lokhu kuyinkinga eyingozi yesifo sikashukela, egcwele ukukhubazeka noma ukufa (7-15% yokufa). Ngasikhathi sinye, sinxusa ukuthi ungasabi iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni wakho uma usumdala futhi ungenaso isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Lapho welapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi, isiguli singakha i-ketosis - ukwanda kwezinga lemizimba ye-ketone egazini nezicubu. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile somzimba esingenamphumela onobuthi. I-pH yegazi ingehli ngaphansi kuka-7.30. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuhogela iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni, umuntu uzizwa ejwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhipha amafutha ngokweqile futhi wehlise isisindo.
Ukwanda kwesifiso sikashukela
Esikhathini sikashukela, umzimba womuntu awunayo i-insulin, noma ingasebenzi kahle. Yize kune-glucose engaphezu kwegazi elanele, amaseli awakwazi ukumuthola ngenxa yezinkinga nge-insulin kanye “nendlala”. Bathumela amasiginali endlala ebuchosheni, futhi umuntu aphakame.
Isiguli sidla kahle, kepha ama-carbohydrate eza nokudla awakwazi ukudonsa izicubu zomzimba. Ukudla okwandayo kuyaqhubeka kuze kuxazululwe inkinga nge-insulin noma kuze kube yilapho amaseli eguqukela emafutheni. Endabeni yokugcina, uhlobo 1 sikashukela lungakhula i-ketoacidosis.
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, izifo ezitholakala njalo fungus, thrush
Esikhathini sikashukela, ushukela uphakama kuwo wonke uketshezi lomzimba. Kukhululwa ushukela omningi, kufaka phakathi nesithukuthuku. Isikhunta namagciwane athande kakhulu indawo enomswakama efudumele neningi lokukhutshelwa koshukela, abondla ngalo. Yenza izinga likashukela wegazi lakho lisondele kokujwayelekile - isikhumba sakho kanye nesimo sokuqina siyothuthuka.
Kungani amanxeba engapholi kahle kushukela
Lapho i-glucose egazini ikhuphuka, iba nomphumela onobuthi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi nawo wonke amaseli agezwa ukugeleza kwegazi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, izinqubo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenzeka emzimbeni. Kubandakanya, amaseli wesikhumba aphilile ayahlukana.
Njengoba izicubu zivezwa yimiphumela enobuthi ye-glucose “eyeqile”, zonke lezi zinqubo ziyancipha. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuchuma kwezifo nazo zidaliwe. Sifaka lokho kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela, ubudala besikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ekupheleni kwendatshana, sifuna ukukuphinda futhi ngikucebise ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha ushukela wegazi lakho bese uthintana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist uma ubona izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kuwe noma kubathandekayo bakho. Okwamanje akusenzeki ukwelapha ngokuphelele manje, kepha ukuthatha isifo sikashukela esilawulwa futhi uphile ngokujwayelekile kuyinto yangempela. Futhi kungaba lula ukwedlula indlela ocabanga ngayo.
