Ama-antibiotic ayizindlela ezinamandla zokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Abelaphi kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo abasekho ngaphandle kwabo. Amagciwane athola ukumelana namagciwane. Ama-antibiotic ajwayelekile kakhulu ama-penicillin nama-cephalosporins, kanti amagciwane akhiqiza ama-beta-lactamase ukuze alwe nawo (ama-penicillin nama-cephalosporins abizwa nangokuthi ama-beta-lactam antibiotic). Ezimweni ezinjalo, ama-ejenti angeziwe asetshenziselwa ukulwa nokutheleleka, njenge-clavulanic acid.
Igama Lezwe elingafanele
NgesiLatini, igama lezinto ezisebenzayo libhaliwe njenge-acidum clavulanicum.
Lapho ama-antibiotic ehluleka, basebenzisa izindlela ezengeziwe ukulwa nalesi sifo, njenge-clavulanic acid.
Ath
J01C R02.
Khipha amafomu nokwakheka
Amaphilisi
Kwifomu lethebhulethi, i-clavulanate isetshenziswa ndawonye ne-amooticillin. Leli fomu lomthamo linikezwa kalula kubantu abadala, ngoba ukuzibophezela kwesiguli ekwelashweni kuphezulu, kuba lula kakhulu futhi kuvame kakhulu ukuphuza umuthi. Umthamo - ama-125 mg we-clavulanate ngokuhlanganiswa ne-anti-antibiotic.
Kwifomu lethebhulethi, i-clavulanate isetshenziswa ndawonye ne-amooticillin.
Amaconsi
Zisetshenziswa ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala, ngoba leli fomu linganikezwa ingane ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi izovela.
Powder
Kutholakala ezikhwameni, ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukumiswa.
Isiraphu
Leli fomu lomthamo lisetshenziselwa izinsana nezingane ezifika eminyakeni eyi-1.
Ukumiswa
Le fomu yemithamo isetshenziselwa izingane ezincane. Ukumiswa kutholakala ngezindondo futhi kulungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukulungiswa kwesiraphu kusetshenziselwa izinsana nezingane ezifika eminyakeni eyi-1.
Indlela yokusebenza
I-Clavulanate inethonya elwa namagciwane ngokumelene nama-microorganisms amaningi. Umsebenzi wayo wokulwa namagciwane amelana nesenzo semithi elwa nama-beta-lactam ubonakala kahle (imvamisa kakhulu yi-staphylococci, okuvamisile okuncane kakhulu - i-streptococci). Ngaphezu komsebenzi we-antimicrobial, umuthi uvimba ama-lactamases webhakteria, uwavimbele ekulweni nemithi elwa nemithi engavikelekile. Ngenxa yale mpahla, i-clavulanate isetshenziswa kaningi ngokuhlangana nenye i-antibiotic, enika amandla ukusebenza kwalezi zinto zombili.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Umuthi osebenzayo umunwa ngokushesha uphuma emgudwini wesisu. Ukuqoqeka okuphezulu kwento esebenzayo egazini kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwehora eli-1 ngemuva kokuphathwa. Into esebenzayo ayibophele amaprotheni egazi, asele ku-plasma engashintshiwe. Umuthi udlulwa ikakhulu yizinso.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa
Isetshenziselwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge:
- Izifo ezingamagciwane ekhaleni, amasono.
- Ukuvuvukala okulimazayo kokuqina kwendlebe ephakathi.
- I-tonicitis ye-follicular ne-lacunar, ehambisana nokukhipha ubomvu emathangeni.
- I-bronchitis eyingozi futhi engamahlalakhona.
- Ukuqunjelwa kwamaphaphu okungasebenzi futhi okungamahlalakhona.
- I-pneumonia yendawo yasekhaya eyahlukahlukene, i-ejenti ebangelwa yi-pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci.
- I-pyelonephritis esebenzayo futhi engamahlalakhona.
- I-acute cystitis, ehambisana nokuqongelela ukhunta.
- I-acute hemato native osteomyelitis (ivame kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala).
- I-peritonitis eyenzeka kabi evela ekuqubukeni kwamathumba ezithweni zangaphakathi kuya emgodini wesisu.
- Izimo zeSecic ezinjenge-septicemia, septicopyemia.
Contraindication
Akukho okuphikisana okuphelele kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-clavulanate. Akunconyelwe ukuthathwa kuphela uma kukhonjwa ukungabekezelelani ngakunye ezingxenyeni zomuthi.
Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-renal noma hepatic, isidakamizwa asisetshenziswa.
Ungayithatha kanjani i-clavulanic acid
Ukulungiselela okuqukethe i-clavulanate kumele kuthathwe ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-14, kuya ngezimpawu zesifo. Sebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 akunconywa, ngoba ama-pathogen angaphila futhi athuthukise ukumelana kwento esebenzayo. Umthamo wabantu abadala - i-125 mg ye-potassium clavulanate kanye ne-875 mg ye-amoxicillin trihydrate (kumthamo ohlanganisiwe). Ngobunzima besifo esithambile, umthamo ngu-500 mg we-amoxicillin no-125 mg we-clavulanate.
Umthamo wezingane ngu-30 mg we-amoxicillin no-15 mg we-clavulanate nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngosuku. Ithebhulethi ithathwa kangcono ngokudla, ngoba ukumuncwa kanye nokuqina kwezidakamizwa kuzoba ngaphezulu.
Umthamo wezingane ngu-30 mg we-amoxicillin no-15 mg we-clavulanate nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngosuku.
Ukuthatha umuthi wesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singahambisana ne-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wezinso uphazamiseka. Njengoba umuthi udlulwa ikakhulukazi yizinso, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ekwelashweni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Imiphumela emibi ye-clavulanic acid
Imiphumela emibi ihlukaniswe ngokohlelo lomzimba.
Amapheshana wesisu
I-Clavulanate ingadala zonke izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-dyspeptic. Lokhu kukhuliswa ikakhulu i-peristalsis, engabonakaliswa yisifo sohudo. Lesi simo kufanele sokwehlukaniswa yisifo sohudo esihlobene ne-antibiotic, esenzeka ngenxa yokufa kwe-microflora kanye nokuphindaphindeka kwamagciwane we-pathogenic emathunjini.
I-Clavulanate ingadala zonke izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-dyspeptic.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa nomuthi, i-cholestatic jaundice ingahle ivele, okubonakala ngokuphuzi kwesikhumba nobuhlungu ku-hypochondrium efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobungozi be-hepatitis ebangelwa izidakamizwa, esivame kakhulu emadodeni amadala futhi ivela ekusetshenzisweni isikhathi eside kwalo muthi.
Izitho zeHematopoietic
Lesi sidakamizwa sithinta ihlumela elimhlophe lomongo wethambo elibomvu, okwenza siphinde siguqulwe (izinga libuyiselwa emuva kokumisa umuthi) ukwehla kwezinga leukocytes, neutrophils. Ngokubambisana nama-leukocytes, izinga le-platelet liyancipha ngesikhathi sokuphatha, okungenza buthaka ukuqina kwegazi.
Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
Isiyezi noma ikhanda lekhanda lingabonakala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-clavulanate. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukubanjwa kokukhubazeka kwe-genesis ephakathi kungenzeka. Ukuxhamazela kuhlotshaniswa nokususwa okungalungile komuthi emzimbeni noma ukusetshenziswa komthamo omkhulu.
Isiyezi noma ikhanda lekhanda lingabonakala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-clavulanate.
Allergies
Ekwelapheni i-clavulanate, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokungezwani komzimba zingenzeka, njenge-urticaria, i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, i-atopic dermatitis. Zenzeka kakhulu lapho kubangelwa ukungabekezelelani kulo muthi. Ukugwema ukuvela kwalezi zimo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuzwela umuthi.
Umthelela ekhonweni lokulawula izindlela
Imiphumela emibi ifaka isiyezi, engathinta ukucaca kokuqwashisa. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokulashwa nalesi sidakamizwa, kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ukushayela imoto noma izindlela ezidinga ukunakwa okwandisiwe.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuphoqayo kokuzwela komuntu ngamunye umuthi, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isiguli asikaze sibe khona okuphathelene nemithi elwa nama-penicillin, i-cephalosporins noma amanye ama-beta-lactam ama-antibiotic.
Uma ngabe ungayikhathazi i-amooticillin (iqembu le-penicillin eyakhiwe ngokwedlule), i-ceftazidime (noma elinye i-antibiotic eqenjini le-cephalosporins), i-ticarcillin noma i-penicillin, isidakamizwa asisetshenziswa emlandweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelashwa ngama-macrolides (ngokwesibonelo, azithromycin), okungeke kubangele ukungezwani komzimba.
Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokuqapha kubantu abanenkinga yokutheleleka nge-mononucleosis, ngoba ezigulini ezinjalo, lapho sisebenzisa lo muthi, ukuqubuka okufana nesimungumungwane kungavela.
Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokuqapha kubantu abanenkinga yokutheleleka nge-mononucleosis, ngoba ezigulini ezinjalo, lapho sisebenzisa lo muthi, ukuqubuka okufana nesimungumungwane kungavela.
Uma isiguli sinokuhluleka kwe-renal nge-creatinine imvume engaphansi kwama-30 mg ngomzuzwana, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa akunconyelwanga, ngoba kungaba nzima ukufaka umuthi ezinsweni nokuqunjelwa umuthi kwizicubu nezitho zomzimba. Esimweni lapho ukucaciswa kwe-endo native creatinine kungaphezulu kwama-30 mg ngomzuzu, asikho isidingo sokulungisa umthamo womuthi.
Uma isiguli sephula isimo sokusebenza kwesibindi (ngokwesibonelo, nge-hepatitis noma i-cholestatic jaundice), i-clavulanate ibekwe ngokuqapha, ihlole ubungozi kanye nomphumela omuhle olindelekile.
Amalungiselelo aqukethe i-Clavulanate kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela uma ama-ezincanegciwane we-pathogenic enokulwa ne-antibiotic engavikelwe. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi ama-microorganisms akakhiqizi izici ezibhubhisa i-antibiotic engavikelekile, khona-ke kufanele kukhethwe i-antibiotic therapy ngaphandle kwe-clavulanate.
I-Clavulanate ingadala ukuhlangana okungenamsoco kwe-immunoglobulin G ne-albhamuin kuma-membrane we-erythrocyte, okunganikeza umphumela olungile wamanga ekuhlolweni kweLabhoratri Coombs. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nalesi sidakamizwa.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Ayikho imininingwane eyanele ngokusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuphepha okuphelele kwempilo kamama nengane. Uma kudingekile ukuthatha i-clavulanate, udokotela kufanele aqhathanise izingozi ezingaba khona nemiphumela elindelekile yokwelashwa bese kuphela enza isinqumo ngezinhloso zomuthi.
Ayikho imininingwane eyanele ngokusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuphepha okuphelele kwempilo kamama nengane.
Ukunquma izingane i-clavulanic acid ezinganeni
Izingane zingabekelwa izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-clavulanate kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane, amafomu omthamo ngendlela yokumiswa noma isiraphu ayasetshenziswa, ngoba kulula ukuwahambisa futhi kulula ukuwanikeza izingane.
Sebenzisa ebudaleni
Ebudaleni, i-clavulanate inqunywa ngokuqapha kuphela lapho kukhona i-renal noma hepatic pathology. Uma kungekho ukwephulwa kulezi zinhlelo, umuthi awudingi ukukhawulelwa lapho usebenza.
Ebudaleni, i-clavulanate inqunywa ngokuqapha kuphela lapho kukhona i-renal noma hepatic pathology.
I-Clavulanic acid okweqile
Ukuphuza imithamo ephezulu yezidakamizwa kuhambisana nokwanda kwemiphumela emibi evela emgodini wesisu. Kungaba isicanucanu esinamandla, ukugabha, uhudo. Kukhona futhi ukwephulwa kwemali esele ye-electrolyte, okumele ilungiswe kuqala ngezixazululo zokufakwa emanzini nosawoti. I-Overdose ibonakala nge-euphoria, ukuqwasha, isiyezi, ukukhishwa inyumbazane (ezimweni ezingandile ngokuphazamiseka okunamandla kwe-electrolyte).
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Njengoba i-clavulanate ithinta ukwakheka kwe-microflora yamathumbu (ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside), inganciphisa ukumuncwa kwama-estrogens futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise umphumela wokuvimbela inzalo yokuvimbela inzalo yomlomo ehlanganiswe namahomoni.
Umphumela kuma-microflora futhi uzibonakalisa ngokwanda komsebenzi we-anticoagulants engaqondile, ngoba amagciwane esibeletho esincane abhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Vitamin K (enye yezinto zokuqina, ithagethi ye-anticoagulants engaqondile) kanye nokufakwa kwe-vitamin E (uhlelo lwe-antioxidant).
Eminye yemiphumela emibi futhi ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yesidakamizwa ukuphumula kwesitulo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kwesifo sohudo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-clavulanate kanye ne-laxatives kungadala isifo sohudo. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwama-ejenti kufanele kugwenywe, ngoba lokhu kuzokwandisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte futhi kwandise ubungozi bokubanjwa. Ama-laxatives anciphisa ukumuncwa kwalo muthi, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise umsebenzi wawo we-antimicrobial.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi futhi ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yesidakamizwa ukuphumula kwesitulo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kwesifo sohudo.
I-Ascorbic acid ingakhuphula ukumunwa kwalesi sidakamizwa, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise umphumela wayo wokubulala izinhlungu.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile ukusebenza kwezinso ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Ukuhambisana notshwala
Akukho ukusabela okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo lapho utshwala ne-clavulanate zihlangana khona, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukukhuluma ngokungafanele kwabo. Kepha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kusamele wenqabe ukuphuza utshwala ukwehlisa umthwalo esibindini.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kufanele wenqabe ukuphuza utshwala ukwehlisa umthwalo esibindini.
Ama-Analog
Izikhombisi ezilandelayo zivezwa emakethe - I-Panclave, i-Ecoclave, i-Augmentin, i-Amoxiclav, i-Flemoxin Solutab.
Imibandela yekhefu lekhemisi
Ngingakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kadokotela
Lo muthi ungathengwa ngaphandle kadokotela, kepha ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, ngaso sonke isikhathi kumele ubonane nodokotela uwuphathe ngokwemiyalo.
Intengo ye-clavulanic acid
Intengo iyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-150 kuye kwangama-300, kuya ngomkhiqizi.
Izimo zokugcina zomuthi
Gcina umuthi ekuphaketheni kwawo koqobo endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Gwema kude nezingane.
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Iminyaka emi-3 ukusuka ngosuku lokwenziwa, olukhonjiswe kumakhadibhodi emaphaketheni.
Umkhiqizi
USandoz (ePoland).
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Clavulanic acid
Odokotela
U-Inna, oneminyaka engama-36, udokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo: "Ngibeka i-clavulanate ye-lacunar kanye ne-follicular tonillitis. Inikeza umphumela omuhle ngokumelana kwamagciwane kuma-penicillin. Uma welashwa ngenqubo emfushane, iziguli zinesifo sohudo, kepha lezi zimo zelashwa kalula ngemithi."
USergey, oneminyaka engama-52, udokotela ojwayelekile: "Ngisebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ekwelapheni iziguli ezinamabala aphambili futhi alinganiselayo. Siyasebenza ekulweni nama-patnegens patnegens, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuphindaphindwayo ngemuva kokusebenzisa ama-penicillin. Cishe azibe nazinkinga ngezitofu ezigulini, uma zikhona - iphathwa kalula neLoperamide. "
Iziguli
U-Andrey, oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala: "Ngayithatha amasonto amabili lapho ngigula inyumoniya. Umphumela wokwelashwa usuvele ngosuku lwesithathu, izinga lokushisa lehla futhi nobuhlungu behla. Ngangigula kancane ngesikhathi sokudla, kodwa lokhu akuzange kume. I-nausea yanyamalala ngokushesha ngemuva kwekhosi ukwelashwa. "
U-Eugenia, oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala: "Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ojwayelekile wabeka u-Augmentin ukwelashwa kwe-tonsillitis. Amathoni ahlala edabukisa isikhathi eside futhi enama-plugs we-purulent, kodwa asheshe abuyele kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa. Into esemqoka ukwenza i-smear ekuzwelweni kwe-antibiotic ngaphambi kokulashwa futhi uqiniseke ngokusebenza kwomuthi."
