Umchamo uyinkomba yesimo sempilo yomuntu, ngakho-ke uma ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile nokwenziwe ngamakhemikhali kuyinto ejwayelekile, khona-ke umuntu uthathwa njengomqemane. Kepha ukuba khona kweshukela kumchamo kuyimbangela yenjabulo, ngoba imvamisa glucosuria ikhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwezitho zangaphakathi njengesibindi, izinso noma amanyikwe.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola ushukela emchameni, kufanele kwenziwe izifundo ezengeziwe. Ngempela, ngaphezu kokusolwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus namanye ama-pathologies abucayi, i-glucosuria nayo ingadalwa yizimbangela zomzimba, ngokwesibonelo, ukucindezela noma ukuzikhandla komzimba okwandayo.
Kepha ushukela ungena kanjani emchameni? Yini inqubo yayo futhi kungani i-glucosuria ibhekwa njengento eyingozi?
Inqubo ye-glucose kumchamo
Umgomo wokufaka ushukela ezinsweni uyinkimbinkimbi impela, ngoba ushukela uyisici esibalulekile esibandakanyeka kumandla we-metabolism. Ebuhlungwini be-nephron, igxiliswa emfudlaneni wegazi, kepha ukunqoba isithiyo se-epithelial, i-molecule ngayinye ye-glucose kufanele ibophele ku-molecule ethwala. Uma umchamo oyinhloko uqukethe ushukela omningi, futhi inani labathwali lilinganiselwe, lapho-ke i-glucosuria iyakhula.
Umuntu ngamunye ubuye abe nomkhawulo wezinso okhombisa inkomba ethile kashukela wegazi ukuthi izinso zingavuselela. Le pharamitha iyahluka kusuka ku-8 iye ku-10 mmol / L.
Lapho inani le-glucose kuketshezi lwebhayoloji liphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke izinso azikwazi ukubhekana nokufakwa kwalo, futhi luqala ukuthululwa emchini. Njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka, izinso zilahlekelwa amandla azo okubuyisela ushukela, ngakho-ke iziguli ezinokuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kufanele zihlale zigadwe udokotela.
Imvamisa i-glycosuria ihambisana nokoma ne-polyuria. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwehluleka kwezinso kanye nesifo sikashukela.
Uma ushukela kanye ne-hyperglycemia kusolwa ukuthi mkhulu kune-9 mmol / L, i-glucosuria inempilo futhi ihlala njalo. Futhi izinkomba ze-1.7 mmol / l ekuseni umchamo wasekuseni zingakhombisa izici zomzimba (ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla kwe-carbohydrate nezidakamizwa ezithile, ukwanda kwengcindezi engokomzwelo neyomzimba). Ekuphumuleni kosuku, abesifazane akufanele babe noshukela umchamo.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-glucose ejwayelekile, ama-monosaccharides, ama-fructose, ama-galactose, ne-sucrose angaba semchameni. Ukubona ubukhona balezi zinto, kwenziwa izifundo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwama-Tollens (ushukela);
- Indlela ye-Gaines (ushukela);
- ukutholwa kwe-lactose noma i-fructose;
- indlela ye-polarimetric.
Ingozi kashukela omningi emzimbeni ukuthi iyisakhi esisebenzayo esheha amanzi.
Ngakho-ke, ngesimo esithuthukile se-glucosuria, ukuphuma komzimba kuyakhula.
Ngabe yini ushukela omchamo kubantu besifazane?
Kumuntu ophile kahle, umkhuba ushukela kumchamo ukungabikho kwawo. Kepha kwezinye izimo, inani elincane likashukela kumchamo lisavunyelwe - lisuka ku-0.06 liye ku-0.08 mmol / l. Ngakho-ke, izinkomba ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-1.7 mmol / L zithathwa njengezamukelekile.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kunoshukela emchameni, okujwayelekile kwabesifazane, abaneminyaka yobudala engama-50, kungahle kube ngaphezulu kunezilinganiso ezibekiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho sekuguga, izinso ziqala ukumunca ushukela omubi kakhulu.
Umkhawulo wezinso kowesifazane osemdala ngu-8.9-10 mmol / l, kepha angancipha ngeminyaka. Izinga elingaphezu kuka-2.8 mmol / l libonisa ubukhona bokuphambuka okungathi sína okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelashwa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yezizathu zomzimba ocansini obuthaka, i-glucosuria itholakala kaningi. Ikakhulu ushukela uyakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ku-trimester yesithathu. Ngempela, kule nkathi, amandla wokumelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okweqile ayanda.
Kepha imvamisa, i-glucosuria iba ngabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifiso sofuzo kuyo. Futhi izinto ezithusayo yiminyaka yeminyaka engama-30 kanye nokuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile.
Isimo sikashukela kumchamo wowesifazane okhulelwe siphezulu ku-2.7 mmol / l, uma izinkomba ziphezulu, khona-ke izifundo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kufaka ukunquma inani le-glycemia egazini kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha komchamo wansuku zonke.
Izifo nezimo ezihambisana ne-glucosuria
Okokuqala, ukugcwala okukhulu koshukela kumchamo kubonwa kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 no-2, okubuye kuvezwe yi-hyperglycemia. Ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin, ushukela awuguquki ku-glycogen futhi ujikeleze egazini. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsebenzi we-enzymes ye-resorption uyancishiswa, ngenxa yokuthi ipharamitha lomkhawulo we-renal liyancipha futhi ushukela ungena kumchamo wesibili.
Kukhona i-glucosuria ye-renal, engatholakala futhi iveliswe kabusha. Uma lesi sifo sinefa, khona-ke senzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwezakhi zofuzo (izinkinga nge-resorption, ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini we-tubules). Uhlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo livela ngemuva kwesizinda se-nephrosis noma nephritis.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ze-glucosuria:
- Okwe-Alimentary. Kwenzeka lapho kunokudla okuningana kwe-carbohydrate ekudleni, kepha njengoba ukudla kudonswa, izinga le-glucose lifanana.
- I-Iatrogenic. Ukubukeka ngemuva kokuthatha imithi ethile, efana ne-corticosteroids.
- I-Endocrine. Ukhula nge-pancreatitis nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine (i-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, isifo sikashukela).
Urinalysis ushukela
Ungabona ushukela egazini umchamo elabhorethri nasekhaya. Esimweni sokugcina, imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola iyasetshenziswa, noma kunjalo, ngokuqhathanisa nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, azinangqondo kangako, ngenxa yalokho umphumela wazo ungangabi onembile.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zokuhlolwa kwelebhu yomchamo - ekuseni nansuku zonke. Okufundisayo kakhulu ukuhlaziya kwansuku zonke, ngakho-ke kunqunyelwe uma kuhlolwa umchamo wasekuseni uveze noma yikuphi ukuphambuka.
Ukuze ufunde umchamo wasekuseni, umchamo uqoqwe esitsheni esihlanzekile (0.5 L) ngemuva kokuchama ekuseni kokuqala. Kepha lapho uqoqa umchamo wansuku zonke, ingxenye yokuqala ihlala ikhishwa.
Ukuze imiphumela ithembeke ngangokunokwenzeka, eminye imithetho kufanele ibonwe ekuqoqweni kwe-biomaterial yansuku zonke:
- Umchamo wansuku zonke uqoqwe esitsheni esikhulu esenziwe inzalo (3 L).
- Imbiza ye-biomaterial kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini usuku.
- Lapho wonke uketshezi luqoqiwe, isitsha sinyakaziswa ngokuphelele, bese kuthiwa i-150-200 ml ithululelwe esitsheni esikhethekile.
- Ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ukuqoqwa komchamo akwenziwa.
- Ehlelweni lokuqoqa i-biomaterial, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlanze i-genitalia yangaphandle.
Usuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela, udinga ukulahla ukusetshenziswa kwe-buckwheat porridge, i-beet, izithelo zezithelo zamawolintshi, izaqathe kanye nanoma yikuphi okuswidi. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukweqisa ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo nakho kungathinta umphumela.
Uma kutholakele i-glucose emchameni, khona-ke isiguli sidinga ukuthi sihlolwe futhi.
Uma ngemuva kwemiphumela yezifundo ezintathu kukhombisa i-glucosuria, lapho-ke kwenziwa izivivinyo ezingeziwe zokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqonda imiphumela
Ukwazi ngamazinga alula kuzosiza isiguli ukuba sizulazule ezinkombeni futhi cishe sinqume isimo jikelele somzimba wakhe. Ngaphezu kwenani likashukela, ukucaciswa kokuhlolwa komchamo kungakhombisa ezinye izinkomba, ezinjengobungako, ukuvela obala, amaprotheni, i-acetone, amaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nokunye.
Ngakho-ke, uma umthamo womchamo wasekuseni ungaphansi kuka-150 ml, khona-ke lokhu kungakhombisa ubukhona bezinso (i-acute, i-terminal), ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, noma ukomisa. Uma inani lomchamo lingaphezu kwe-150 ml, khona-ke lolu phawu luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma i-pyelonephritis.
Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi kumuntu ophilile umbala womchamo kufanele ube ngotshani. Izinguquko emthunzini zibonisa izifo eziningana ezahlukahlukene - i-oncology yezinso, i-hepatitis, cirrhosis nokunye.
Uma i-acetone itholwe umchamo, khona-ke lokhu kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kumanyikwe, inqubo yenqubo yokutheleleka noma yokuvuvukala emzimbeni. Futhi, inkomba enjalo ivame ukubonwa kushukela.
Uma kutholakale ukuqina kwamaprotheni amaningi, khona-ke lokhu kungabonisa ama-thrombosis wemithambo yezitho zangaphakathi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma inkambo yokutheleleka kwe-purother emzimbeni. Njengoba kubalwa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ngaphezulu kwama-20), abesifazane bavame ukutholakala nezifo ze-genitourinary tract (urethritis, cystitis) noma isifo sezinso.
Njengoba kunesibalo esikhulu samangqamuzana egazi abomvu kumchamo (ngaphezu kwe-100), kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuningilizayo okuningiliziwe kwezitho zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi isinye kanye nezinso. Ngempela, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungakhombisa i-oncology, isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo eziyingozi.
IGlucosuria ichazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
