Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kusiza ukuthola isifo sikashukela ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kunqume ukwelashwa ukuvimbela umphumela onobuthi we-glucose odongeni lwemithambo yegazi.
Izindlela zokwelapha nezindlela zokuthibela ezisungule esigabeni sokukhuthazelela ushukela, okubhekwa njengezwe lesandulela sesifo sikashukela, zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kulokhu, ushukela weqiniso kungenzeka ungakhuli.
Yini okufanele uyenze ezigulini ezinjalo, udokotela kufanele anqume ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa okugcwele. Ukuhlelwa ngokwejwayelekile kokudla okunempilo, ukwenyuka komzimba, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nokuqapha ushukela wegazi kuvame ukunconywa.
Kungani ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka?
I-glucose yamaseli omzimba ingumthombo ophambili wokudla okunempilo. Kutholakala ekudleni okumsulwa, i-sucrose, i-fructose nesitashi ekugcineni kubuye kuphenduke ama-glucose molecule ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-biochemical. Ngakho-ke, ngokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi ushukela nofulawa omhlophe, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngokushesha.
Umthombo wesibili we-glucose yizitolo ze-glycogen esibindini nasemisipha, eziwohloka lapho amandla edingeka phakathi kokudla. Isibindi sinamandla okuhlanganisa ama-molecule amasha eglucose ngokuntuleka kwe-glycogen. Akhiwa ezakhiweni zamaprotheni namafutha. Ukulawulwa kwalokhu kusabela kwe-biochemical kwenzeka ngokubamba iqhaza kwama-hormone.
Ngemuva kokudla, ukwanda ushukela wegazi kushukumisa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Le yihomoni esemqoka esiza ushukela ophansi ngokudlulisela i-glucose kumaseli. Uma umzimba uphilile, khona-ke emva kwamahora angu-1.5-2 esegazini, ukugxila koshukela kuyinto evamile.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulin, i-adrenal, i-thyroid kanye nama-pituitary hormone kuthinta ne-glycemia. Bona, kanye ne-hormone yokukhula kanye ne-glucagon, bakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-glucose egazini. Lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko sikashukela ophezulu ngesikhathi sokuxineka, ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwezifo, izifo ezithathelanayo, ukushiswa nokulimala.
Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hyperglycemia yisifo sikashukela. Kuhambisana nokuphazamiseka okunjalo kwama-metabolic we-carbohydrate:
- I-insulin ayingeni egazini, njengoba amangqamuzana akhumusha ebhujiswa (uhlobo 1 sikashukela).
- Kukhona i-insulin eyanele egazini, kodwa ama-cell receptors alahlekelwe umuzwa kuwo (uhlobo 2 sikashukela).
- I-glucose ekudleni ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli, ukuqina kwayo egazini kuyanda.
- Amathishu omzimba, izicubu nesibindi abulawa yindlala, njengoba amunca ushukela ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-insulin.
- Amamolekyuli we-glucose adonsela amanzi kwizicubu futhi awasuse ezinso - ukuphuma komzimba kukhula.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sezinhlobo ezi-2. Uhlobo lokuqala yisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ngoba kunokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwama-hormone ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune amaseli we-pancreatic. Lesi simo siyifa, futhi amagciwane, izinto ezinobuthi, izidakamizwa, ucindezela ukukhula kwawo.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kokuqala kwezimpawu, iziguli zidinga ukujova njalo kwe-insulin, ngoba ngaphandle kokwelashwa zisheshe zikhuphule ushukela wegazi futhi zikhuphule izinga lemizimba ye-ketone enobuthi ebuchosheni. Ngokuxilongwa okungalungile nokuphathwa kwehomoni engafanele, ukukhohlisa kungenzeka.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile abakhuluphele, phakathi kokuhlala isikhathi eside, ukudla i-carbohydrate ephezulu kanye nokudla okunamafutha, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-systemic atherosclerosis. Zonke lezi zinto ziholela ekutheni amaseli ayeke ukuphendula ukungena kwe-insulin egazini.
Ngaphezu kwe-hyperglycemia, uhlobo 2 sikashukela luhambisana ne-hyperinsulinemia, evimbela ukushiswa kwamafutha. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 naso siyisifo esiyindlalifa, kodwa izici ezingasuswa zithinta ukuvela kwaso. Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze kubuywe ushukela? Landela ukudla, hambisa okuningi bese uphuza umuthi onconyiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-glycemia ingakhuphuka ngenxa yokukhishwa okwandayo kwamahomoni e-placental. Izimo ezinjengalezi, ngemuva kokubeletha, zingashintsha zibe yi-mellitus yangempela yesifo sikashukela noma zinyamalale.
Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kufanele balawule ushukela wegazi labo, ngoba ukukhula kwalo kungadala ukukhubazeka kokukhula kuzingane.
Ukuhlolwa ushukela wegazi
Ungahlola ushukela wegazi elabhorethri noma ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer. Kungaba okuhlukile phakathi nosuku, ngoba umsebenzi womzimba, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinqubo ze-metabolic, ngeke zifane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa okufanele, udinga ukunikela ngegazi ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi okokugcina ongadla amahora angama-8-10 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, futhi ngosuku lokuhlolwa uvunyelwe ukuphuza kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile ngokulinganisela. Umphumela wamanga ungavusa ukubhema noma ukudlala imidlalo ngaphambi kocwaningo, kanye nokusebenzisa imishanguzo, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ze-hormonal.
Amazinga okushukela ajwayelekile ajwayelekile nawo angahluka lapho kutholakala i-glucose yegazi egazini le-capillary ne-venous. Kuya ngeminyaka yesiguli, yabantwana abancane nabantu asebekhulile ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, amanani angahle angahambelani nesilinganiso. Umuntu uthathwa njengophilile uma ushukela wegazi uqukethe (mmol / l):
- Ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho - 3.3 - 5.5 egazini kusuka ngomunwe, egazini le-venous - 3,3-5.5, i-plasma yegazi le-venous - 4 - 6.1.
- Ngemuva kokudla ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 noma ngasiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwesidlo - ngezansi kuka-7.8.
Isifo sikashukela, zonke lezi zinkomba ziphakeme. Uma i-glycemia esheshayo idlula i-6.1, futhi ngemuva kokudla i-11.1 mmol / l, khona-ke kunesizathu sokwenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo. Ngaphezu kokuthola ushukela omningi, kungaba nezindawo zezinguquko lapho ushukela ungaphezu kokujwayelekile, kepha ngaphansi kwezinga likashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sitholakala ngezindlela ezimbili - glycemia engasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, ushukela ngu-6 3 mmol / l, futhi ngemuva kokudla awuphezulu kunokwejwayelekile. Uma ushukela uphezulu kuphela ngemuva kokudla (noma umthwalo kashukela), futhi esiswini esingenalutho awuphakeme kuno-6.1 mmol / l, khona-ke lapho kutholakala khona ukutholwa kokubekezelelwa kwe-carbohydrate engasebenzi kahle.
Ngakho-ke, uma ushukela wegazi ungama-6 noma ngaphezulu ama-mmol / l, khona-ke into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze unikeze ukwelashwa ngokufanele futhi uvikele ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Futhi, ukususa imiphumela yamanga, kunconywa ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziya kwenziwe kabili noma kathathu ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Prediabetes
Izinkinga zokukhubazeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism esigabeni sombuso wangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela ziphinda ziguqulwe ngokuphelele engxenyeni yeziguli, kuyilapho kwezinye ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kungabambezeleka futhi isifundo saso sizoba lula uma isiguli sinamathela ezincomelweni zokwenza impilo ibe ngcono.
Isici esiyisisekelo kunazo zonke esingasiza ukubuyisa izinqubo ze-metabolic ukuqina kwesisindo somzimba. Lokhu, okokuqala, udinga ukudla okulungile. Ezigulini ezine-prediabetes, cishe ukudla okufanayo kunqunywe njengokuthi kusenesifo sikashukela mellitus. Kungaba ukwelashwa okuyinhloko isikhathi eside.
Ukusuka ekudleni udinga ukungafaki ngokuphelele ushukela nefulawa emhlophe, nayo yonke imikhiqizo, ngaphandle kokunye, equkethe. Lesi sincomo siphinde sihlinzekele i-confectionery yabanesifo sikashukela uma sikhuluphele.
Ngokwengeza ushukela, udinga ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinyosi, amagilebhisi, ubhanana, izinsuku, amazambane, i-semolina nelayisi elithosiwe. Ukuze wakhe kahle ukudla, udinga ukugxila enkombeni ye-glycemic yemikhiqizo. Le nkomba ikhombisa amandla okukhulisa ushukela wegazi. Kwi-glucose emsulwa, ikhulu, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-cherries - 25.
Ukufakwa kokudla okunamafutha kumenyu, ikakhulukazi imvelaphi yezilwane, akunconywa. Imikhiqizo elandelayo inenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu:
- Inyama enamafutha - iwundlu, ingulube, i-offal.
- Amasoseji amaningi, amasoseji nososeji.
- Inyama eqediwe futhi ebilisiwe ebilisiwe, inyama ekheniwe nezibiliboco.
- Ukupheka amafutha, amanoni.
- I-Sour cream no-cream ngaphezulu kwamafutha ayi-10%, ushizi wekhotishi ngaphezulu kuka-9%.
- Ibhotela (kuvunyelwe ukungeza i-15-20 g ngosuku esitsheni esisele).
- Izinhlanzi ezihlanganisiwe emafutheni, inhlanzi enamafutha.
Njengomthombo wamafutha, udinga ukusebenzisa uwoyela wemifino, ayoliswe amasaladi nezitsha ezilungiselelwe. Isisekelo sezondlamzimba kufanele kube yimikhiqizo yamaphrotheni enamafutha aphansi - inhlanzi, inkukhu, iturkey, inyama ebilisiwe noma eyosiwe, iziphuzo zobisi olunoshukela, ukhokho ushizi onamafutha amancane nobisi, kanye nemifino.
Njengesitsha esisehlangothini, ungancoma izitsha zemifino noma okusanhlamvu kusuka okusanhlamvu okuphelele kwe-oats, i-buckwheat, nebhali. I-Corn porridge yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 inenzuzo.
Inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yabantu abanokweqile kanye nokuthambekela kokukhulisa ushukela ne-cholesterol yegazi yinhlanzi ebilisiwe ngesaladi yemifino emisha noma eshisiwe.
Inkomba yesibili yokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi yomzimba. Akusizi kuphela ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba, kepha futhi kukhulisa ukuzwela kwamaseli esenzweni se-insulin, kusebenze izinqubo ze-metabolic. Ngasikhathi sinye, umphumela wamakilasi uphikelela amanye amahora angama-30-48 - amaseli amunca ngokunamandla ushukela egazini.
Ungakhetha uhlobo lomthwalo ngokuya ngokuthanda komuntu ngamunye kanye nezinga lokuqina lomzimba. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukuhamba ngezinyawo okuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kwanele ukugcina ukuzwela okuhle kwe-insulin nokuqinisa i-glycemia ebangeni eliseduze nokujwayelekile.
Imininingwane mayelana nesifo sikashukela inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
