Baphila isikhathi eside kangakanani abanesifo sikashukela? Umbuzo obuzwa yiwo wonke umuntu onesifo i-hyperglycemia esingamahlalakhona. Iningi leziguli libheka ukugula kwabo njengejele.
Eqinisweni, impilo yesifo sikashukela ayihlali intofontofo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho welapha lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunamathela njalo ekudleni, ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela futhi mhlawumbe nokufaka i-insulin.
Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungaphila malini nokukhubazeka ku-carbohydrate metabolism, kufanele kucatshangwe izici ezahlukahlukene. Lolu uhlobo lwesifo, ubukhulu benkambo yalo kanye nobudala besiguli. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuthi umuntu unamathela kanjani ezincomelweni zezokwelapha.
Kungani isifo sikashukela siyingozi?
Lapho lesi sifo sithinta umzimba, amanyikwe aqala ukuhlaselwa, lapho inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin iphazamiseka. I-hormone yamaprotheni enikezela i-glucose kumaseli womzimba ukugcina amandla.
Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe, ushukela buthwa egazini futhi umzimba awutholi izinto ezidingekayo ngemisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Kuqala ukukhipha ushukela ezinhlafunweni ezinamafutha nezicubu, bese izitho zaso kancane kancane zincipha futhi zichithwe.
Ukulindelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila kweshukela kungancika ebangeni lomonakalo emzimbeni. Kwisifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo kwenzeka:
- isibindi
- uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- izitho ezibonakalayo;
- uhlelo lwe-endocrine.
Ngokulashwa okungafuneki noma okungafundile, lesi sifo sinomphumela omubi emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kwehlisa isikhathi sokuphila kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abanezifo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izidingo zempilo zingabhekwa ezikuvumela ukuthi ugcine izinga le-glycemia lisesezingeni elifanele, kuzokhula izinkinga. Futhi, kusukela eminyakeni engama-25 ubudala, izinqubo zokuguga zivulwa emzimbeni.
Ukuthi izinqubo ezibhubhisayo zizothuthukisa ngokushesha kangakanani futhi ziphazamise ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamaseli, kuya ngezici zomzimba womuntu ogulayo. Kepha abantu abaphila nesifo sikashukela futhi abangalashwa bangathola isifo sohlangothi noma i-gangore ngokuzayo, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekufeni. Izibalo zithi lapho kutholakala izinkinga ezinzima ze-hyperglycemia, isikhathi sokuphila kweswekile siyancipha.
Zonke izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- I-acute - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar kanye ne-lacticidal coma.
- Kamuva - i-angiopathy, i-retinopathy, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, i-polyneuropathy.
- Okungapheli - ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezinso, imithambo yegazi nohlelo lwezinzwa.
Izinkinga zasemuva nezingamahlalakhona ziyingozi. Bafushanisa isikhathi sokuphila sikashukela.
Ubani osengozini?
Iminyaka emingaki iphila nesifo sikashukela? Okokuqala kudingeka uqonde ukuthi lowo muntu usengozini. Amathuba aphezulu okuvela kokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine avela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15.
Imvamisa kutholakala ukuthi banesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ingane kanye nentsha enolu hlobo lwesifo idinga impilo ye-insulin.
Ubunkimbinkimbi benkambo ye-hyperglycemia engapheli ebuntwaneni bukhona ngenxa yezici ezimbalwa. Kulesi sikhathi, lesi sifo asitholakali kakhulu ekuqaleni futhi ukunqotshwa kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo kwenzeka kancane kancane.
Impilo enesifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni iyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi abazali abahlali benekhono lokulawula ngokuphelele irejimeni yosuku lwengane yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi umfundi angakhohlwa ukuphuza iphilisi noma adle ukudla okungenamsoco.
Kuyiqiniso, ingane ayiboni ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 singafinyezwa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kokudla okungenamsoco neziphuzo. Chips, cola, amaswidi ahlukahlukene ukuphathwa kwezingane okuthandayo. Okwamanje, imikhiqizo enjalo ibhubhisa umzimba, inciphisa inani nekhwalithi yempilo.
Namanje engcupheni kunabantu asebekhulile abayimilutha kagwayi futhi baphuze notshwala. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingenayo imikhuba emibi ziphila isikhathi eside.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi umuntu one-atherosclerosis ne-hyperglycemia engapheli angafa engakafiki ubudala. Le nhlanganisela idala izinkinga ezibulalayo:
- isifo sohlangothi, esivame ukubulala;
- i-gangrene, imvamisa kuholela ekunqunyweni komlenze, okuvumela umuntu ukuba aphile iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu emva kokuhlinzwa.
Bangakanani abanesifo sikashukela?
Njengoba wazi, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Esokuqala uhlobo lokuya oludalwa yi-insulin olwenzeka lapho ipancreas engasebenzi kahle ukukhiqiza i-insulin iphazamisekile. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame ukutholakala esemncane.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lwenzeka lapho ama-pancreas engakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele. Esinye isizathu sokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kungaba ukumelana kwamangqamuzana omzimba kwi-insulin.
Bangaki abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 abahlala? Isikhathi sokuphila esinefomu elincike ku-insulin sincike ezintweni eziningi: ukondleka, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin nokunye.
Izibalo zithi uhlobo 1 sikashukela siphile iminyaka engaba ngu-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu uvame ukuthola ukuphazamiseka okungapheli kwezinso nezinhliziyo, okuholela ekufeni.
Kepha ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, abantu bazokwazi ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30. Uma iziguli ezinjalo ziphathwa ngenkuthalo nangendlela efanele, khona-ke zingaphila iminyaka engama-50-60.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziphila zize zifike eminyakeni engama-70. Kepha i-prognosis iba muhle kuphela uma umuntu eqapha impilo yakhe ngokucophelela, egcina izinkomba ze-glycemia ezisezingeni elifanele.
Isikhathi esingakanani isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sihlala isikhathi eside sithintwa ubulili. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi esikhathini sabesifazane kuncishiswa iminyaka engama-20, nakwabesilisa - ngeminyaka eyi-12.
Yize akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukusho ukuthi ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani nefomu lesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Okuningi kuya ngohlobo lwesifo kanye nezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli. Kepha bonke abakholelwa ku-endocrinologists bayaqiniseka ukuthi isikhathi somuntu sokuphila glycemia sincike kuye.
Futhi bangaki abaphila nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2? Lolu hlobo lwesifo lutholwa kaningi izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye kunefomu elithembela ku-insulin. Itholakala ikakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, izinso, imithambo yegazi, nenhliziyo kungokuqala ukuhlupheka, futhi ukulimala kwazo kubangela ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Yize begula, benefomu elizimele le-insulin lesifo baphila isikhathi eside kuneziguli ezingathenjeli i-insulin, ngokwesilinganiso, impilo yabo incishiswa ibe yiminyaka emihlanu, kepha bavame ukukhubazeka.
Ubunzima bokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nakho kungenxa yokuthi ngaphezu kokudla nokudla izidakamizwa zomlomo we-glycemic (Galvus), isiguli kufanele siqaphe njalo isimo sakhe. Zonke izinsuku uphoqelekile ukusebenzisa i-glycemic control futhi alinganise nomfutho wegazi.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho mayelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine ezinganeni. Isilinganiso sokuphila okujwayelekile kweziguli kulesi sigaba sobudala sincike esikhathini sokuxilongwa. Uma lesi sifo sitholwa enganeni size sibe unyaka, khona-ke lokhu kuzogwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga eziyingozi eziholela ekufeni.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Yize namhlanje zingekho izidakamizwa ezivumela izingane ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuzwa ukuthi impilo injani ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, kepha kunezidakamizwa ezingafinyelela amazinga azele futhi ajwayelekile kashukela. Ngokukhethwa kwe-insulin ekhethwe kahle, izingane zithola ithuba lokudlala ngokugcwele, lokufunda nokukhulisa.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola isifo sikashukela kuze kube iminyaka eyi-8, isiguli singaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-30.
Futhi uma lesi sifo sikhula kamuva, ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni engama-20, khona-ke umuntu angaphila ngisho neminyaka engama-70.
Ngabe isifo sikashukela sikukhulisa kanjani isikhathi sokuphila?
Ungaphila kanjani nesifo sikashukela? Ngeshwa, lesi sifo aselapheki. Lokhu, njengeqiniso lokuthi bonke abantu bayafa, kumele kwamukelwe.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungesabi, futhi okuhlangenwe nakho okuqinile ngokomzwelo kuzokwandisa lesi sifo. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli singadinga ukubonana nodokotela wezengqondo nodokotela wengqondo.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abacabanga ukuthi bangaphila kanjani ngokuqhubekayo kufanele bazi ukuthi lesi sifo singalawulwa uma unamathela ekudleni okufanele, uvivinya umzimba futhi ungakhohlwa ngemithi yokwelashwa.
Ngokufanelekile, ngesifo sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili, i-endocrinologist, kanye nomondli wezempilo, kufanele bahlakulele isiguli ukudla okuyisipesheli. Iziguli eziningi zelulekwa ukuthi zibe nedayari yokudla okunempilo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela ukudla nokulandelela ikhalori nokudla okuyingozi. Ukuphila nesifo sikashukela akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi hhayi iziguli kuphela, kodwa futhi nezihlobo zazo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okuzoba wusizo ukwephula i-carbohydrate metabolism.
Kusukela ngesikhathi lesi sifo satholakala, iziguli ziyalulekwa ukuba zidle:
- imifino
- izithelo
- imikhiqizo yobisi;
- inyama nenhlanzi;
- ubhontshisi, ufulawa wokusanhlamvu okuphelele, izinhlobo ezinzima zepasta.
Ngabe usawoti ungasetshenziswa kwabanesifo sikashukela? Kuvunyelwe ukudla, kepha kuze kufike kumagremu amahlanu ngosuku. Isifo sikashukela kudingeka sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kofulawa omhlophe, amafutha, amaswidi, notshwala nogwayi kufanele kushiywe ngokuphelele.
Ungaphila kanjani nesifo sikashukela kulabo abakhuluphele? Ngokukhuluphala kanye noshukela, ngaphezu kokudla, ukuqeqeshwa ngokuhlelekile kuyadingeka.
Ukuqina, imvamisa kanye nobude bomthwalo kufanele kukhethwe ngudokotela. Kepha, ngokuyisisekelo, iziguli zimiselwe amakilasi nsuku zonke, ahlala imizuzu engama-30.
Labo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kufanele basebenzise imishanguzo yomlomo ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-hyperglycemia. Izindlela zingaba ngamaqembu ahlukene:
- ama-biguanides;
- izinto ezithathwe kuma-sulfonylurea;
- i-alpha glucosidase inhibitors;
- derizatives thiazolidinone;
- ama-insretin;
- dipeptidyl peptidiasis inhibitors 4.
Ukwelashwa kuqala nganoma yiliphi lalawa maqembu emithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kokuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kungenzeka, lapho izidakamizwa ezimbili, ezinciphisa ushukela zisetshenziswa kanyekanye. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubungozi bezinkinga, yenza ushukela wegazi ngokwejwayelekile futhi wephuze isidingo se-insulin.
Iziguli ebezihlala zinhlobo lwesibili sikashukela isikhathi eside ngokuzayo kungenzeka zingadingi ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kodwa kuphela uma zonke izincomo ezingenhla zibhekwa. Uma kunesifo sohlobo 1, ungaphila kanjani naso, ngoba isiguli kuzofanela sifake i-hormone nsuku zonke?
Ngemuva kokuthola lesi sifo, kunqunywa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Lokhu kuyisidingo, futhi uma kungalashwa, umuntu uzowela enkingeni futhi afe.
Ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, kungeniswa imithamo emincane yemithi kungahle kudingekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi simo sihlangatshezwe, ngaphandle kwalokho esikhathini esizayo isiguli sizodinga i-insulin eningi.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ushukela ohlushwa ngemuva kokudla ufinyelela ku-5.5 mmol / L. Lokhu ungakuthola uma ulandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi futhi wenze imijovo ye-insulin kusuka kumayunithi ama-1 kuye kwayi-3 ngosuku.
Ngokuya ngesikhathi somphumela, izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-insulin ziyahlukaniswa:
- i-ultrashort;
- mfushane
- phakathi;
- kunwetshiwe.
Uhlobo lonyango lwe-insulin luphawu lokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi okufanele zifakwe, nokuthi imvamisa kangakanani, umthamo futhi ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunqunywa ngawodwana, ngokusho okufakiwe kudayari yokuzihlola.
Ukuphendula umbuzo, ushukela ukuthi bangaki abaphila nakho, udinga ukubheka izinto eziningi. Ungabinayo ingcindezi bukhoma, ukuzivocavoca, udle kanye lapho, isikhathi sokuphila ngisho nokugula okungathi sína siyokwanda ngeminyaka eyi-10 noma engama-20.
Imininingwane yesikhathi sokuphila sikashukela sinikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
