Kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezenziwa futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukwengeza izinga lama-carbohydrate egazini. IFomu noma iMetformin, okuyinto engcono futhi ephumelela kakhudlwana? Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angahle abhekane nokukhetha ukuthi uzothenga muphi umuthi nokuthi umehluko uyini.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwethebhulethi iFomuin ne-Metformin kungokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ze-Biguanide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unaka ukwakheka komuthi, ungabona ukuthi isithako esiyisisekelo esisebenzayo yindawo efanayo.
Yini engcono ukuthatha i-formetin, i-metformin noma i-siofor? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwale mishanguzo?
Yiziphi izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwento yokwelapha?
I-metformin esebenzayo esebenzayo ifakiwe njengengxenye emithini eminingi yokwehlisa ushukela. Ingxenye esebenzayo evela eqenjini le-Biguanides yesizukulwane sesithathu futhi isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazi.
Inhlanganisela ye-antidiabetesic ivimbela izinqubo ze-gluconeogenesis, ezokuhambisa ngama-elektroni emaketangeni okuphefumula e-metachondria. Izinqubo ze-glycolysis ziyavuselelwa, okufaka isandla ekuthatheni kangcono ushukela ngama-peripheral izicubu ngamangqamuzana, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metformin inciphisa izinga layo lokufakelwa odongeni lwamathumbu kusuka kulamula wesisu.
Enye yezinzuzo zesakhi esisebenzayo ukuthi akubangeli ukwehla okubukhali ezingeni lama-carbohydrate ku-plasma yegazi. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi i-metformin ayikwazi ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone insulin kumaseli we-pancreatic beta.
Izinkomba eziphambili zokusetshenziswa kwemithi ngokuya nge-metformin yilezi:
- Ukuba khona kwe-metabolic syndrome noma ukubonakaliswa kokumelana ne-insulin.
- Njengomthetho, lapho kukhona ukumelana ne-insulin kwabanesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala kukhula ngokushesha. Ngenxa yemiphumela ye-metformin kanye nokudla okukhethekile kokudla, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukunciphisa umzimba kancane kancane.
- Uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokubekezelela ushukela.
- Uma kwenzeka kukhula i-ovarian cleopolycystosis.
- Lapho kukhona isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yefomu elizimele le-insulin - njenge-monotherapy noma njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuphelele.
- Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela, ifomu elincike ku-insulin lihlanganiswe nemijovo ye-insulin.
Uma siqhathanisa ukwakheka kwethebhulethi okususelwa ku-metformin neminye imithi enciphisa ushukela, khona-ke izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezilandelayo ze-metformin kufanele zigqanyiswe:
- umphumela wazo ekunciphiseni ukumelana kwe-insulin esigulini, i-metformin hydrochloride iyakwazi ukukhuphula izinga lokuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kushukela okhiqizwe yi-pancreasꓼ
- ukuthatha umuthi kuhambisana nokumunyiswa yipheshana emathunjini, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekiswe ukumuncwa kancane kancane kweglucose
- inomthelela ekuvinjelweni kwe-gluconeogeneis yesibindi, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi isinxephezelo soshukelaꓼ
- isiza ukunciphisa ukwehla kokudla, okubaluleke kakhulu kwabashukela abaneshukela ngokweqile
- inomphumela omuhle ku-cholesterol, yehlisa okubi futhi ikhulisa okuhle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yeMetformin yikhono layo lokunciphisa amandla ama-bioprocesses we-fat peroxidation.
I-Metformin - izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nendlela yokusebenza
Kuze kube manje, ungathola ukuhlukahlukahluka kwe-metformin yethebhulethi. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ungahle uhambisane nomthamo wesidakamizwa, inkampani yokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokukhululwa (amaphilisi noma amaphilisi). Ngokuya ngomkhiqizi kanye nedosi elihlongozwayo lomuthi, intengo yesidakamizwa enjalo iyashintsha futhi.
I-Metformin Teva isidakamizwa esinciphisa ushukela ekhiqizwa ngesimo samathebulethi. Ngokuya ngemiyalelo kadokotela, ungawuthenga umuthi kumthamo olandelayo wengxenye esebenzayo - 0.5, 0.85 no-1 gram. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amaphilisi iMetfrmin Teva MV ngomthamo wokuvezwa isikhathi eside okungama-500 no-750 mg. IMetformin Teva ingumkhiqizo waphesheya owenziwa yinkampani yezokwelapha e-Israeli.
IMetformin Canon iyithuluzi lezokwelapha elethulwa emakethe yemithi kwenye yezinkampani zaseRussia. Umuthi we-hypoglycemic ungakhiqizwa ngemithamo engu-0.5, 0,85 no-1 gram we-metformin hydrochloride osebenzayo. Ifomu lokukhishwa livezwa ngendlela yamaphilisi.
I-Metformin Canon isiza ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwama-carbohydrate kuma-plasma egazi ngokucindezela ama-bioprocesses we-gluconeogeneis kumaseli wesibindi, ibambezela ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate emathunjini futhi isheshise ukusetshenziswa kwamashukela ngamaseli we-tishu e-peripheral. Umuthi awukwazi ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-hypoglycemia, umphumela omuhle kuma-metabolism wamafutha. Ukusetshenziswa komuthi kusiza ukwehlisa izinga le-triglycerides ne-cholesterol embi emzimbeni wesiguli, esiza ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
UMetformin Richter ungomunye ummeleli walesi sigaba sezidakamizwa. Ingathengwa ngemithamo efanayo eboniswe ngenhla. Umkhiqizi yinhlangano yaseRussia-Hungary uGideon Richter. Kunikezwa umuthi wokuthi iziguli zinciphise izinga lama-carbohydrate ku-plasma yegazi, kanye nokuthi kutholakala izimpawu zokukhuluphala. Umuthi ngokuqapha ngokweqile kumele uthathwe yiziguli ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu.
Inkampani yeSlovak Pharmacological inikezela abathengi bayo isidakamizwa esinciphisa ushukela iMetformin Zentiva. Umuthi ukhombisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu we-hypoglycemic, usiza ukwehlisa izinga lokumelana ne-insulin, futhi ubuye uthinte kahle inkambiso yezinqubo ze-metabolic kumaseli womzimba.
Ithini inqubomgomo yamanani alezi zidakamizwa? Emakhemisi asedolobheni ungathenga le mithi engenhla ngamanani alandelayo:
- I-Metformin Teva - isuka kuma-ruble angama-77 kuye kwangama-280, kuya ngomthamo odingekayo wamathebulethi.
- I-Metformin Canon - izindleko ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-89 kuya kwangama-130.
- I-Metformin Zentiva - isuka kuma-ruble ayi-118 ukuya kwangama-200.
- Metfirmin Richter - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-180 kuye kwangama-235.
Ukwahluka okuphawulekile ezindlekweni zomuthi ofanayo endaweni yeRussia Federation kungenxa yesifunda lapho kuthengiswa khona umuthi.
Imiphi imiphumela emibi engenzeka?
Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kweMetformin kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingana engenza isimo sempilo sesiguli esinesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqokwa komuthi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngudokotela oholayo, kucatshangelwa zonke izici zomzimba wesiguli, ubulukhuni bokuqhubeka kwe-pathology kanye nokugula okuhambisana nakho.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi ikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi esigulini.
Imiphumela emibi emibi yemithi ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ngezitho zomgudu wesisu, ukugaya, okungahle kuhambisane nokwanda kwegesi, ubuhlungu esiswini noma isisu;
- imvubelo yensimbi engathandeki emlonyeni ingavela ngemuva kokudla;
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- ukuntuleka kwamaqembu athile wamavithamini, ikakhulukazi i-B12, yingakho kunconyelwa ukuthi ukudla okungezelelekile kwezixakaxaka ezikhethekile zemithi ezingamisa izinga lazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokungahambi kahle komzimba ezingxenyeni ezithile zethebhulethi;
- ukwehla kweshukela egazini ngaphansi kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile;
- ukubonakaliswa kwe-lactic acidosis;
- i-megaloblastic anemia.
I-Metformin ayivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa phambi kwento eyodwa noma eziningana:
- I-Metabolic acidosis ngamafomu asebusweni noma angalapheki.
- isimo se-glycemic coma noma ukhokho.
- Ngezinkinga ezinkulu emsebenzini wezinso.
- Ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Lapho kuvela izifo ezinkulu ezithathelwanayo noma ngokushesha emva kwazo.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma i-myocardial infarction.
- Izinkinga ngokusebenza okujwayelekile komoya.
- Uphuzo oludakayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenqatshelwe ukuthatha umuthi ngakusasa nangemva kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa (okungenani izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa nezinsuku ezimbili emva kokuba kudlule).
Umuthi nguFomine
Umuthi iFomuethine ungomunye wabamele iqembu le-Biguanide. Le yi-hypoglycemic, isithako esiyisisekelo esisebenzayo sayo yi-metphromine hydrochloride.
IFomometine imvama ukubekelwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo senzeka ngokukhuluphala kwesisu.
Umuthi lo usiza ukwehlisa ukubalwa koshukela egazini, uvimbela ukukhishwa koshukela isibindi, futhi unciphise ukumuncwa kwawo yizitho zepheshana lesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselela kwethebhulethi kuthinta kahle ukungathathi hlangothi kwesibonakaliso sokumelana ne-insulin, okwandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu.
Ukwemukelwa kweFometin kungenzeka kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezincomo zezokwelashwa noma imithamo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene evela ezithweni zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imiphumela emibi evela ekuthatheni iFomuetin ingaba:
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu esiswini;
- ukukhushulwa okuthe xaxa;
- ukuvela kwangemuva elingemnandi lensimbi emgodini womlomo;
- dermatitis kwesikhumba.
Imiphumela emibi efana ne-lactic acidosis noma i-anemia ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ayibonakali kangako.
Uma kwenzeka kube nomphumela omubi owodwa noma ngaphezulu, umuthi owuphuzayo kufanele ushintshwe.
Yiliphi ithebhulethi eliphumelela kakhudlwana?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kweMetformin neFomumetin? Ingabe umuthi owodwa uhlukile komunye?
Njengoba sekukhonjisiwe ngenhla, into eyi-Metformin hydrochloride isetshenziswa njengesithako esiyisisekelo esisebenzayo kulamadivayisi wezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokuthatha lezi zidakamizwa kufanele ube ngokufanayo (lapho usebenzisa imithamo efanayo).
Umehluko ungaba sezakhi ezingezekile, ezibuye ziyingxenye yokwenziwa kwethebhulethi. Lezi yizimbongi ezahlukahlukene. Uma uthenga, udinga ukunaka okuqukethwe kwabo - okuncane inani lezinto ezengeziwe, ezingcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ohambelayo angancoma ukuthatha umuthi othile, kuye ngezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli ngamunye.
Lapho ukhetha umuthi, umuntu kufanele futhi acabangele into efana nezindleko zomuthi. Imvamisa, ama-analogu aphesheya anentengo ephakeme kaningana kunemithi yethu yasekhaya. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, umphumela wokwamukela kwabo awufani. Kuze kube manje, iFomuethine iyindlela ebhajetha kakhulu phakathi kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha aqukethe i-metformin hydrochloride.
Uma isifo sikashukela singabaza okuthile futhi singazi ukuthi singakwazi yini ukubuyisela umuthi owodwa kwesinye, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha uzokwazi ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha analogous, futhi achaze nokuthi kungani umuthi onjalo ulungele umuntu othize.
Imininingwane yeMetformin nezindawo zayo ezinciphisa ushukela inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
