Ushukela wamayunithi angama-5.4 ubonakala njengophawu olujwayelekile lwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukhombisa ukusebenza okugcwele kwama-pancreas, ukuthathwa koshukela okujwayelekile ezingeni lamaselula.
Isimo sikashukela emzimbeni asincike ebulilini bomuntu, ngakho-ke sithathwa ngenani elifanayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kuba nokwehluka okuncane kwezinkomba ngokuya ngeqembu lomuntu leminyaka.
Eminyakeni engu-12-60 yeminyaka, amanani ajwayelekile wokuqukethwe ushukela aqala kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5 (imvamisa ushukela uyama ku-4.4-4.8 mmol / l). Eminyakeni engu-60-90 yeminyaka, umkhawulo ophezulu kashukela ukhuphukela kumayunithi ayi-6.4.
Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi yiluphi ucwaningo olwenziwayo ukuthola ukunqampuna kashukela egazini lomuntu? Ngabe isifo sikashukela sikhula kanjani (uhlobo ngalunye ngokwehlukana), futhi yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona?
Izifundo zokuguqula
Ukuhlolwa ushukela kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuqoqwa okuqondile kwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu ojikeleza egazini. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile koshukela kwenzeka esiswini esingenalutho, futhi uketshezi lwegciwane luthathwe emunweni noma emthanjeni.
Uma isampula yegazi yenziwa kusuka emunweni, khona-ke amanani ajwayelekile aqala kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5, futhi le ndlela evunyelwe yamukelwa abesilisa nabesifazane, okungukuthi, ayixhomekeki ebulilini bomuntu.
Lapho kuhlolwa igazi le-venous, khona-ke izinkomba zanda ngo-12%, futhi umkhuba womngcele oshukela ophezulu uvela ngesimo senani lama-unit ayi-6.1.
Uma ukuhlaziywa kweshukela kukhombisa umphumela wamayunithi angama-6.0 kuya ku-6.9, khona-ke lezi yizinkomba zomngcele ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-prediabetesic. Njengomthetho, kulokhu, ezinye izincomo zokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca zinikezwa ukuvimbela ukwanda ushukela ngokuzayo.
Uma ukuhlolwa kweshukela kukhombisa amayunithi angaphezu kuka-7.0, khona-ke lo mphumela ukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwegazi elilodwa, akulungile ngokuphelele ukwenza isifo, ngakho-ke kunconywa izindlela ezengeziwe zokuxilonga:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
- IGlycated hemoglobin.
Ukuhlolwa komthwalo ushukela kukuvumela ukuthi ulandelele ukugcwala koshukela ngaphambi nangemva kokudla, futhi uthole ukuthi yiliphi izinga lamazinga kashukela umuntu ajwayelekile kulawo mazinga adingekayo.
Lapho amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla, umphumela uba mkhulu kune-11.1 mmol / l, khona lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-glucose kusuka kumayunithi angama-7,8 kuya ku-11.1 kukhombisa isimo se-prediabetesic, futhi inkomba engaphansi kuka-7.8 ibonisa i-glycemia ejwayelekile.
I-Glycosylated hemoglobin: umongo wokuhlaziywa, ukuhlanganisa
I-Glycosylated hemoglobin ibonakala njengengxenye ye-hemoglobin ehambisana noshukela egazini lomuntu, futhi leli nani lilinganiswa ngamaphesenti. Lapho likhula ushukela egazini, yilapho i-hemoglobin ikhudlwana ikhishwa glycosylated.
Lolu cwaningo lubukeka lungumvivinyo obalulekile uma kunokusolwa kwesifo sikashukela noma isimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa ngokunembile ukuhlushwa ushukela wegazi ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ezedlule.
Uma isilinganiso esijwayelekile soketshezi lwebhayoloji sidinga imithetho ethile, ukuthi ungadli kanjani amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kocwaningo, wenqaba ukuthatha umuthi nezinye izinto, khona-ke ukuhlaziya kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated akunazimo ezinjalo.
Izinzuzo zocwaningo zingokulandelayo:
- Ungahlolwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, hhayi ngesisu esingenalutho.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlola ushukela kwegazi okujwayelekile, i-glycosylated hemoglobin inembe kakhudlwana futhi yenza sikwazi ukubona lesi sifo ekuqaleni.
- Ucwaningo lushesha kakhulu uma luqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kweglucose, okuthatha amahora ambalwa.
- Ukuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi usungule izinga lesinxephezelo sesifo "esimnandi", esilenza sikwazi ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
- Izinkomba zokuhlola azithinteki ekungeneni kokudla, umkhuhlane nezifo zokuphefumula, ukuqina kwokomzwelo, isimo somzimba.
Ngakho-ke, kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin? Okokuqala, lolu cwaningo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthola isifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes ezisezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu. Okwesibili, lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuthi isiguli silawula kangakanani isifo sayo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imiphumela yokuhlaziya inikezwe ngamaphesenti, kanti ukukhohlisa ukulandelayo:
- Ngaphansi kuka-5.7%. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-carbohydrate metabolism ihlelekile, ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo buncishiswa baba yi-zero.
- Umphumela we-5.7 kuye ku-6% ukhombisa ukuthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngesifo sikashukela, kepha amathuba okuthuthuka kwayo ayanda. Futhi ngamanani anjalo, yisikhathi sokubukeza okudlayo.
- Ngemiphumela ye-6.1-6.4%, singakhuluma ngengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-pathology, Ngakho-ke, ukondleka okufanele kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okuphelele kunconywa ngokushesha.
- Uma ucwaningo lungu-6.5% noma umphumela ungaphezulu kwaleli nani, kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyatholakala.
Yize kunezinzuzo eziningi zalolu cwaningo, kunokuthile okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kuhlolwa akwenziwa kuzo zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha, futhi kwezinye iziguli, izindleko zokufunda zingabonakala ziphezulu.
Ngokujwayelekile, ushukela wegazi esiswini esingenalutho akufanele udlule amayunithi angama-5.5, ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela akufanele kudlule ku-7.8 mmol / l, futhi i-glycated hemoglobin akufanele idlule ku-5.7%.
Imiphumela enjalo ibonisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwamanyikwe.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala, sikhula kanjani?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngobuningi bamacala, uhlobo lokuqala nolwesibili lwesifo sikashukela luyatholakala, kakhulu kaningi izinhlobo zalo ezithile - isifo sikashukela seLada neModi.
Ngohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology, ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose kususelwa ekuphepheni ngokuphelele kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu. Uhlobo lokuqala lokugula lubonakala njengesifo se-autoimmune, ngenxa yokuthi amaseli ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone abhujiswa.
Okwamanje, azikho izizathu eziqondile ezikhuthaza ukukhula kohlobo lwesifo esingamahlalakhona. Kukholelwa ukuthi ifa liyinto evusa amadlingozi.
Ezimweni eziningi zokuvela kwe-pathology, kunokuxhumana kwezifo zesimo segciwane ezibangela izinqubo ze-autoimmune emzimbeni womuntu. Okungenzeka ukuthi, ukugula okuyimbangela kungukuphambuka kofuzo, okuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile ezimbi, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lutholakala ezinganeni ezincane, ebusheni, futhi kancane kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40. Njengomthetho, isithombe somtholampilo sikhohlakele, i-pathology yathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa ukwethulwa kwe-insulin, okumele yenziwe nsuku zonke impilo yakhe yonke. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo aselapheki, ngakho-ke inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukunxephezela lesi sifo.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 cishe i-5-7% yazo zonke izimo zesifo sikashukela, futhi sibonisa ngokuthuthuka ngokushesha, amathuba aphezulu okuthola izinkinga, kufaka phakathi ezingaphenduki.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nendlela eyenzeka ngayo
Indlela yokuthuthuka yohlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology isuselwa ekungavikelekeni kwamangqamuzana ukuya kwi-insulin ye-hormone. Inani elanele le-insulin lingazungeza emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa alibophele ushukela ezingeni lamaselula, ngenxa yalokho ushukela wegazi uqala ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwemikhawulo evunyelwe.
Lolu hlobo lokugula lubhekelela ezifweni ezinesici esivelwayo sofuzo, ukuqaliswa kwazo ngenxa yomthelela omubi wamaphoyinti amaningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhulupha ngokweqile, ukungondleki kahle, ukucindezela njalo, ukuphuza utshwala nokubhema.
Ebuningini bezithombe zemitholampilo, kutholakala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala, kuthi uma sebekhula, amathuba okuba nesifo sokuqaqamba kwengqondo sanda kuphela.
Izici zokuthuthukiswa kohlobo 2 sikashukela:
- I-Pathology ithuthuka kancane, ngoba isikhathi eside lesi sifo sinxephezelwa ngokwanda kwezinga le-hormone emzimbeni.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyehla ukuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-hormone, ukutholakala kwamandla okuncipha komzimba womuntu kutholakele.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ukukhuphuka kwamandla athile omchamo ngosuku, umuzwa ongapheli wokoma, isifiso sokudla. Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezintathu zobuntu, isithombe somtholampilo singaziveza nge-all spectrum yezimpawu ezingezinhle:
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukozela kuvame ukwenzeka (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla).
- Ukukhathala okungapheli, ukusebenza okunciphile.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi, ukungaphatheki kahle kwesizathu.
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo nesikhanyayo, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.
- I-Hyperemia yesikhumba, futhi lolu phawu lubonakala kakhulu esikhunjeni sobuso.
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni.
- Ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu, ukugabha.
- Imikhuhlane ejwayelekile yokuhlasela kanye nokubanda.
Ingozi kashukela ophezulu ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela ophakeme ongamahlalakhona uholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga ezifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kokukhubazeka kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi ukubola kweshukela yisimo esiyingozi esingaholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okungalungiseki, ukukhubazeka nokufa.
Ushukela omkhulu nezinkinga
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ushukela wegazi wamayunithi angama-5.4 uyinkomba ejwayelekile, okhombisa ukusebenza ngokuphelele kwamanyikwe. Uma ukuphambuka kubhekwa ngaphezulu, khona-ke amathuba okuthuthuka kwezinkinga ezinzima.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela izingqinamba ezinkulu kulezo zimo lapho kubhekwa isimo se-hyperglycemic, esibonakala ngamanani eglucose abucayi. Futhi, ushukela olude olude luvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona.
Ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kungabonakala ngokwako ekukhuleni kwesigaxa, njengomphumela lapho kukhona i-CNS lesion ebonakala ngokungahambi kahle komsebenzi wezinzwa, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni yimizwa, ukuqothuka kwezimpawu zokuqaqamba.
Ukuzilolonga kwezokwelapha kukhombisa ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zivame ukuvela ngemuva kwesizinda sohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ikhoma liyinkimbinkimbi ngezinye izici:
- Isigaba esibuhlungu sesifo esithathelwanayo.
- Ukuhlinzwa, ukucindezela okukhulu, ukuhlukumezeka.
- Ukwanda kwezifo ezihlangene.
- Ukwelashwa okungalungile.
- Ukuthatha umuthi othile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi wonke amahlaya ngobuningi bamacala athuthuka kancane, kepha angakhula emahoreni ambalwa, izinsuku. Futhi bonke bakhonjiswa ngezinga eliphakeme lokufa kwabantu.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi ushukela uyahlukahluka phakathi kwamayunithi angama-3.3-5,5, futhi inkomba engu-5.4 mmol / l iyinto evamile. Uma ushukela ukhuphuka, kudingeka izinyathelo zokunciphisa, ngokulandelana, ukuvikela izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Isazi esivela kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinga elilungile le-glycemia.
