I-Hypoglycemia yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehambisana nokwehla okukhulu koshukela egazini. I-Pathology ikhula ngokushesha, ngokoqobo kungakapheli isigamu sehora. Uma kungekho zinyathelo ezidingekayo, i-hypoglycemia izoholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okungenakuguqulwa kanye nokufa.
Izici zokuthuthuka kwe-pathology
Umshini wokukhula kwe-hypoglycemia ubangelwa uma ukugcwala kwe-glucose esegazini kungu-3.3-4 mmol / L nangaphansi (3.5-5.5 mmol / L kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile). Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa ngokweqile kwe-insulin, ngakho-ke i-glucose igxile ngokuphelele. Umzimba uzama ukubuyisa amazinga ajwayelekile kashukela, izinqolobane zawo ezifakwe esibindini ngesimo se-glycogen.
Ukuguqula le nto ibe yi-glucose, ama-hormone aphikisayo (i-adrenaline, i-glucagon, i-cortisol) angena egazini.
Uma kungenzeki ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka koshukela, kuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic kunomthelela omubi ebuchosheni, amandla endlala ama-neurons aholela ekuqwashisweni okungasebenzi kahle, ukwehluleka, ukuqaqanjelwa.
Kunezigaba ezi-4 ze-hypoglycemia:
- I-Hypoxia yamaseli wohlelo lwezinzwa, ezinye izindawo zobuchopho, ziyavela. Isiguli sizwa ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ikhanda, ukukhathazeka, indlala enkulu. Kuvele ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokujuluka.
- I-lesion yesifunda se-subcortical-diencephalic iyaqina. Ubuso bomuntu bujika bube bomvu, ukunyakaza kuba nzima, nokuziphatha kube kunganele.
- Isimo esifana nokuhlaselwa kwesifo sokuwa. Ukuqunjelwa kuvela, umfutho wegazi uyenyuka, i-tachycardia kanye nokujuluka kuyaqina.
- Imisebenzi yezingxenye ezingenhla ze-medulla oblongata iyaphazamiseka, kukhula ukoma.
Izinhlobo ze-Hypoglycemia
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-pathology:
- I-hypoglycemia esheshayo. Ushukela uwa ngemuva kokulala.
- I-Hypoglycemia ngemuva kokudla. Kubonakala ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3 ngemuva kokudla.
Kukhona i-hypoglycemia yasesikhathini. Uyingozi ngoba izimpawu zakhe zingenzeki ukuthi zibonakale. Isiguli siyajuluka, amaphupho amabi aqala ukumphupha.
I-Hypoglycemia yohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela ayihlukile ngendlela yokuthuthukisa, kepha yenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka kaningi (cishe izikhathi eziyishumi), kunamandla kakhulu kuneziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Izimpawu zokuncipha kashukela kwesinye isikhathi cishe azikho, umuntu angavele aqaphele.
Izizathu
Imvamisa, i-hypoglycemia yenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngemithi yokusebenzisa i-sulfonylurea noma uma kudalwa ngokweqile kwale mithi. Ushukela wehla ngezansi ngokujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ezinsukwini ezintathu emva kokuqala kokuthatha leyo mithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela esigabeni sesinxephezelo sikashukela kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-glucose uma umuntu ephuza umuthi ngendlela efanayo.
Ezinye izizathu:
- Isibalo sethamo esingalungile se-insulin noma i-overdose.
- Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwesidakamizwa (injekiseni yomzimba esikhundleni se-subcutaneous).
- Ukushintsha indawo yomjovo noma ukuvezwa kuyo. Isibonelo, ukubhucungwa umzimba kuholela ukumunyisa ngokushesha umuthi, okuholele ekugxumeni ku-insulin.
- Ukunquma umuthi omusha, isiguli ebesingenaso isikhathi sokuwujwayela.
- Ukuxhumana nemithi ethile. Ukuzwela ukwanda kwe-insulin: ama-anticoagulants, ama-barbiturates, ama-antihistamines, ama-aspirin.
- Ukukhulelwa, ukuncelisa ibele.
- Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile.
- Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nokudla, ukweqa ukudla.
- Ukudla okungenampilo, ukudla okuphansi kwekhalori.
- Kwehliswe izinqubo zokutholwa kokudla, ukuthulula isisu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezinso, isibindi.
- Ukuphuza utshwala, ikakhulukazi esiswini esingenalutho.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia
Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela kufanele sikwazi ukubona izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ngesikhathi. Uma ungakuyekeli ukuhlaselwa, kwenzeka izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa emzimbeni, umuntu angafa noma akhubazeke. Kukhona i-hyperglycemia emnene futhi inzima. Esimweni sokuqala, isimo se-pathological sikhonjiswa ngezimpawu zomuntu, ezibandakanya:
- Ukujuluka okukhulu;
- I-Tremor;
- Ukucwaswa kwesikhumba;
- Ukwanda kwenhliziyo;
- Ukuqala kwendlala okungazelelwe;
- Ukucasuka;
- Ukukhathazeka
- Ukukhathala
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- Isiyezi
- Ubuhlungu ekhanda;
- Ukuvela "kwama-goosebumps" esikhunjeni;
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo;
- Ukwehla kweminwe;
- Isicanucanu, isifo sohudo,
- Ukuchama kaningi.
Uma isiguli singakwazanga ukubuyisa izinga le-glucose, ngokuqhubeka kwalo ukuwa (kufinyelela ku-1.7 mmol / L kanye naphansi) i-hypoglycemia ekhula ngamandla. Umuntu angawela ekhefini, elihambisana nokuphazamiseka okungenakuphikwa. Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia enzima zifaka:
- Ukwephulwa kokunakwa, umbono, ukuhlangana;
- Izinguquko eziqinile ngokuziphatha (ngokwesibonelo, ukubonakaliswa kobutha);
- Ama-hallucinations;
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi;
- Izikhova
- Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha;
- Isifo sokuwa
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwefomu elinzima, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuzisiza.
Odokotela baphawula ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic esigulini ngasinye kuzibonakalisa ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke izimpawu zesimo se-pathological zingaba umuntu ngamunye.
Akusibo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela abazizwa bethi hypoglycemia isondela; basengozini yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside, abantu asebekhulile nalabo abahlaselwa kaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli sizwa imala nje encane.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zenziwa ezinye izizathu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Fibrosis, i-adrenal gland necrosis;
- Uhlobo olunzima lwe-neuropathy, olwakheka lubheke isizinda sokuphazamiseka kwe-conduction ekuphethweni kwezinzwa;
- Izinga le-glucose lingaphansi kwesijwayelekile isikhathi eside;
- Ukuthatha i-beta-blockers, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivame ukubekwa ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo;
- Ukudla okungalungile okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate amaningi.
Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukulinganisa njalo ushukela nge-glucometer. Ngomphumela ongaphansi kuka-3.5 mmol / l, izindlela okufanele zithathwe ukuze zikhuphuke.
Izinkinga ze-hypoglycemia
Ukwehla ushukela kubangela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Umsebenzi wobuchopho ongasebenzi kahle;
- Ukwanda ekubonaka kwegazi;
- Ukukhula kwesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi;
- Ukuncipha kokuzwela kwe-hypoglycemia;
- Ezinganeni - ukubuyiswa kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
I-Hypoglycemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yandisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka kokuzalwa enganeni engakazalwa.
Amathuba ezinkinga akhuphuka kubantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi uma bekhuluphele ngokweqile. Inkinga enkulu i-hypoglycemic coma, eholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekufeni.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kuhlaselwa i-hypoglycemia
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ziyadingeka ngokuvela kwezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia emnene. Ukuhlaselwa kuyamiswa uma uqinisekisa ukuthathwa kwama-carbohydrate asheshe apheke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lunga:
- Itiye elimnandi;
- Amakhukhi
- Uju (ithebula le-2-3. LL);
- Ijusi le-Orange
- Amaswidi (kungcono ukunikela ngokuthanda i-caramel);
- Ushukela
Izibhebhe ze-glucose zinomphumela ophumelela kakhudlwana. Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwenani lama-carbohydrate adliwayo kanye nokwanda koshukela: likhuphuka ngamayunithi ama-2. ngemuva kokuthatha 2 g ushukela. Amaphilisi anjalo azosusa isidingo sokudla ukudla okungekho emthethweni futhi avimbele ukoma. Ngemuva kwalokho qeda indlala yakho ngokudla ukudla okuvunyelwe okune-carb ephansi.
Ngemuva kokuthatha ama-carbohydrate, linda imizuzu eyi-15. Uma kungekho ngcono, yidla futhi okumnandi. Ukwehla kwenhlala-kahle yisizathu esihle sokuthola usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.
Uma umuntu esesondele ekulahlekelweni yimizwa, ngeke akwazi ukuhlafuna ushukela noma amaphilisi. Mnikeze isisombululo se-glucose (ithengiswa ekhemisi). Esikhundleni salokho, ungenza isiraphu ushukela ngokwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi isiguli siyakwazi ukugwinya ikhambi. Umkhiqizo uzoba nemizuzu emi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukala izinga loshukela.
Umuntu ophelelwe ingqondo kufanele abekwe embhedeni (ohlangothini noma esiswini sakhe). Sebenzisa ithanga ukukhulula umlomo wakhe we-mucus, imfucumfucu yokudla. Finyelela umoya omusha ngokuvula iwindi. Bese ushayele i-ambulensi.
Nge-coma, ukwethulwa kwe-glucagon kanye nesisombululo se-glucose egxile kuzodingeka, lokhu kwenziwa odokotela abezimo eziphuthumayo. Ungathenga ikhithi ekhethekile ebizwa nge-Glucagon yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Uyadedelwa uma egunyazwe. Umjovo wenziwa nge-intramuscularly, emva kwemizuzu engama-20. umuntu uzophinda aqaphele.
Ukuvimbela
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka izindlela zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia, ngoba ukubanjwa njalo noma isikhathi eside kakhulu kuholela emiphumeleni engenakuphikwa.
- Gada ushukela wakho wegazi nsuku zonke ngemitha kashukela egazini.
- Uma i-hypoglycemia isolwa, ukukala ushukela ngokushesha okusemandleni. Uma inkomba yehla ngo-0.6 mmol / L (ngokuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile), sebenzisa izindlela ezikhonjiswe ngenhla.
- Xhumana nodokotela wezempilo ngokudla okufanele.
- Yidla usuku lonke ngamakhefu amafushane. Izinsizakalo kufanele zibe zincane. Kunconywa ukudla njalo emahoreni ama-3.
- Khetha izinga lokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokuya ngesimo sempilo, izici zomzimba ngamunye.
- Ngokuzivocavoca umzimba isikhathi eside, kudla ukudla kwamaprotheni nokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate njalo ngehora (isangweji yenyama kufanelekile).
- Hlukana notshwala.
- Phatha amaphilisi kashukela (noma amaswidi, ushukela).
- Gcina umbhalo walokho ubude bekhefu phakathi kokudla ne-insulin.
- Bonana nodokotela wakho ukuze unqanyuleke amalungiselelo we-sulfonylurea. Amathuba we-hypoglycemia ancipha uma usebenzisa i-insulin ngendlela yomuthi ophansi.
- Yazisa izihlobo, abangane kanye nozakwabo ngezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, ukuthi ungayinqanda kanjani, ukuze bakwazi ukukusiza uma kunesidingo.
- Phatha inothi nawe lapho ukukhonjwa kuzokhonjiswa khona. Ungathenga isongo lokukhonjwa elikhethekile. Lokhu kuzovumela abanye ukuthi bakunikeze usizo olwanele uma ngokungazelelwe ulahlekelwa ukwazi.
