Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyinkinga enkulu yezokwelapha neyenhlalo yesikhathi sethu, ebonakala ngokukhubazeka kwangaphambili kweziguli nokufa njalo. Kunezindlela eziningana zalesi sifo. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sithinta abantu abangu-0,5% abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, kuzo izingane ezakha ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke iziguli. Uhlobo lokutholwa kwalesi sifo esiba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kutholakala kuma-3% abesifazane.

"Isifo Somnandi" uhlobo 2 kubhekwa njengendlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-pathology, enqunywe ku-85% wawo wonke amacala emitholampilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe isigamu seziguli zokuqala ezivele zinenkinga yezinkinga ezingalapheki zenhliziyo, izinso, ukuhlaziya okubukwayo nohlelo lwezinzwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esihlokweni.

Kafushane ngalesi sifo

Uhlobo lwesifo esincike e-insulin lubonakala yi-pathology ye-carbohydrate metabolism, eyenzeka ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamaseli wemfihlo we-pancreatic insulin. Lesi simo sinokuthambekela kokuthuthukisa i-ketoacidosis. Uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela mellitus luboniswa ukuphazamiseka okufanayo kokudla kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, kepha kuvela ngenxa yezinguquko ekuzwisaneni kwamangqamuzana kuya kuma-pancreatic hormone ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-insulin okwejwayelekile.

Ushukela wegazi ophakeme uwukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe- “sifo esimnandi”

Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela:

• isiphetho sofuzo;
• inqubo yokuvuvukala ye-pancreatic;
• ukuba khona kokulimala kwemishini;
• ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala;
• ukukhuluphala
• umuthi wesikhathi eside;
• ukucindezela

Kumuntu ophile kahle, ushukela ungena ekuhlanzeni okuphelele ku-glomeruli ye-renal, bese ubanjwa yi-tubules. Lapho nje ukufundwa kweglucose kudlula imingcele evamile futhi kudlule umkhawulo ovumelekile we-renal, ushukela utholakala kumchamo (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-glucosuria). Umzimba uzama ukususa ushukela ngokunciphisa ukubala kwegazi lakhe ngosizo lwe-polyuria.

Le nqubo iholela ekuqothulweni komzimba. Igazi liba likhulu, komile i-pathological, kube buthakathaka. Ngefomu elincike ku-insulin, iziguli zehlisa isisindo, ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, ukukhuluphala kuvame ukubonwa. Lapho i-pathology iqhubeka, isikhumba, ulimi nezindebe ziba bomile, i-turgor iyancipha kakhulu, ukulunywa kanye nezilonda zesikhumba fungal.

Izimiso zokwelashwa

I-Endocrinologist, isazi sezempilo kanye ne-physiotherapist sisiza isiguli ukulwa nesifo sikashukela. Okwamanje, kunezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha isifo sikashukela, noma kunjalo, izakhi ezindala zendabuko zihlala ziyizinto eziphambili:

• ukwelashwa kokudla;
• ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (okwehlukile izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo);
• imodi yokulungisa;
• ukuvivinya umzimba okwanele.

Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abhekwe njalo yi-endocrinologist

Ukondleka kwezokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kokudla kubhekwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili ekulweni nesifo sikashukela. Kuhloswe ngayo ukubuyisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukunxenxa i-pathology kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesifo, imigomo elandelayo yendlela yokudla kufanele ibonwe:

• ukudla okungafakwanga kunenani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate angagayeka kalula;
• ukudla okwenziwa ikhalori nsuku zonke kufanele kuhambisane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesiguli;
• ama-carbohydrate adliwayo kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo zonke izidlo;
• Amaprotheni nama-lipid, amavithamini, amaminerali nama-polyunsaturated fatty acids kufanele anikezwe;
• ukudla kufanele kwenzeke ngasikhathi sinye;
• kukhethwa okondlayo okuvame ukuthandwa kakhulu - ekudleni kufanele kube nezikhathi zokudla ezi-4, kanti ngohlobo olu-1 lwe-pathology, izidlo ezengeziwe ezidingekayo nazo ziyadingeka.

Imifino - Imikhiqizo Yesifo Sikashukela Esikhetheke Kakhulu

Ukudla okwenziwe yisifo sikashukela kudinga ukwenqatshwa ushukela ngokuphelele. ISorbitol, i-xylitol ne-fructose zingasetshenziswa njengoshukela.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Sekuyisikhathi eside kufakazelwa ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba okwanele ngeke kwehlise kuphela ushukela wegazi, ukuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle ephelele, ukukhulisa amandla okusebenza, ukugcina impilo ephezulu, kepha futhi kukhuphule nokuzwela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ukuthola i-insulin, okubalulekile kwifomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin.

Ungaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungadala izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo zokuphendula okuvela emzimbeni ogulayo:

• amanani kashukela awashintshi kakhulu noma ngamanani akhuphukayo ancipha kumanani ajwayelekile;
• i-glycemia yehla ibe ngamazinga aphansi ngokudabukisayo;
• amanani eglucose egazi ayenyuka.

Ukusabela kokuqala kwento yesifo sikashukela kuyafana nokusabela kwento ephilayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezimo zesinxephezelo ngalesi sifo. Lesi sigaba seziguli sibonisa amazinga kashukela aphansi phakathi nosuku, ukungabikho kokuthambekela kwe-hypoglycemia ne-ketoacidosis, kanye nenani elanele le-glycogen esibindini.

Ukusabela kwesibili kungenzeka kwizazi zesifo sikashukela ngenkambo engasebenzi ye-endocrine pathology. Inketho yesithathu iba ngokuwohloka kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuthambekela kokuvela kwe-ketoacidosis kanye namanani kashukela ngaphezulu kwe-15 mmol / l kungukuphikisana kokuzivocavoca.

Ezemidlalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe- “matenda amnandi”

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba nge-physiotherapy kuyindlela esebenzayo esiza ekunqobeni isifo sikashukela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kanye nokuthola isinxephezelo ku-2nd degree nakamuva. Imithwalo kufanele ihleleke futhi idokiswe, ngapende ngawodokotela ngamunye esimweni ngasinye sasemtholampilo.

Umphumela wokwelapha ungatholakala ngokuhamba, ukugijimela, ukuhamba ngamabhayisekili, ukubhukuda, ukudlala ithenisi, i-yoga, ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ezemidlalo.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa

Imigomo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ixhomeke kuhlobo lwe-endocrine pathology kanye nendlela yokukhula kwayo. Ngohlobo 1, kusetshenziswa i-insulin therapy, kuhlobo 2, kusetshenziswa imishanguzo yokunciphisa ushukela (abanye abanesifo sikashukela esizimele singanikezwa imijovo ye-insulin).

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin

Ukwelashwa okunjalo kwesifo sikashukela kusetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke iziguli ezinolunye uhlobo lwe-pathology. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-insulin:

• ukusekelwa kwamazinga kashukela amaningi ngaphambi kokungena emzimbeni naphakathi kokudla okuyinhloko;
• ukusekelwa kwesisindo somzimba esivamile sesiguli;
• ithuba lokuthola indlela yokuphila yamahhala yeziguli;
• ukukhishwa kwe-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni;
• ukujwayezwa kwama-lipids egazini;
• ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona ezivela enhliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu yokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, bheka le ndatshana.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungabekelwa isifo sohlobo 2.

Izinkomba ezingaphelele ze:

• ukubonakaliswa okusobala kokushoda kwe-pancreatic hormone;
• ukunciphisa isisindo;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis;
• isidingo sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa;
• ubunzima bezitho zomzimba;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• izinkomba zikashukela ngaphambi kokudla ngaphezulu kuka-15 mmol / l;
• ukuntuleka kwesinxephezelo ngalesi sifo lapho usebenzisa ama-hypoglycemic agents.

Ukufakwa komdlavuza we-insulin - okuyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwefomu lesifo elihambisana ne-insulin

Isikimu esihle kunazo zonke ukwethulwa kwe-insulin ende ngaphambi kokuphumula kobusuku, nesidakamizwa esisebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokudla. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi elide lihlinzeka ngezinga eliphansi lokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone, nezidakamizwa ezithatha isikhathi esifushane zinganciphisa i-hyperglycemia ngokumelene nesizinda sokudla emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjovo womenzeli obamba ubusuku obude uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa 'kwento yokusa yokusa.'

Abamele abamele ama-insulin:

• I-Insuman Rapid, uHumulin P - amalungiselelo amafushane;
• I-Insuman Bazal, Protafan NM - insulin yesikhathi esiphakathi;
• I-Ultratard NM, i-Ultralente MS - ama-insulin amade.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kule ndatshana.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa kwe-insulin

Ukungezwani komzimba kungavela ngezindlela zasekhaya noma ezijwayelekile. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokubonakala kwendawo, obomvu, obomvu, obabayo ngokudabukisayo, amaphepha atshisayo avela endaweni yomjovo we-insulin. Ngefomu elihlanganisiwe, unganquma ukuba khona kwe-urticaria, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuguguleka komzimba kulwelwesi lomgogodla lomlomo nezamakhala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, i-hyperthermia.

Isimo esilandelayo yi-hypoglycemia. Ukwehla ushukela wegazi kwenzeka lapho i-insulin ifakwe isamba esikhulu kunokuba kunesidingo, ukudla okunganele kwe-saccharides ngemuva kokulimala kokulungiselela okufushane, ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo kanye nokushaqeka kwengqondo. I-Hypoglycemia idinga usizo ngokushesha ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokufa.

Enye inkinga ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana ne-insulin. Kunokwehla kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kuma-pancreas, ngenxa yalokho okungadingeka ngaphezu kwe-100 IU ye-insulin ngosuku ukuthola isinxephezelo sesi sifo. Lesi simo sakhiwa ngokumelene nesizinda se-pathology ye-adrenal gland, i-pituitary gland ne-gland yegilo.

Ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kungaba nzima nge-lipodystrophy uma isiguli selashwa ngamaphampu we-insulin. Indlela yokuthuthuka kwe-pathology ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Kukhona umcabango wokuthi ukulimala okungapheli kwamagatsha amancane ezinzwa zepherishi noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin engacoliswanga kahle kuyabandakanyeka kwi-pathogenesis.

Ama-ejenti wokunciphisa ushukela

Leli qembu lemithi lisetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo oluzimele lwesifo. Izidakamizwa zomlomo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:

• Okususwa yi-sulfonylureas izidakamizwa ezinganciphisa amazinga kashukela ezimeni lapho amaseli emfihlo we-insulin esebenza ngokufanele. Abamele - Maninil, Diabetes, Glycvidon.
• I-Biguanides - Izidakamizwa zinciphisa i-glycemia kungakhathalekile ukuthi kusebenza okuyi-insulin secretory cell. Kusho ukunciphisa ijubane lokuphuma ushukela kuphuma esiswini segazini kuya egazini, kwenze izinqubo ezijwayelekile zamaprotheni metabolism, kunciphise isisindo sesiguli, futhi kunciphise iphango. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iMetformin, iMeridia.
• I-Digestive enzyme inhibitors beta-glycosidases (Acarbose) - yehlisa ijubane ukumuncwa kwama-saccharides kulo lonke ubude bethambo lamathumbu.
• I-Glitazones izidakamizwa zesimanje ezikhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin. Abamele iqembu yiTroglitazone, iRosiglitazone.

Izidakamizwa zomlomo ziyingxenye yokwelashwa kohlobo oluzimele lwe-insulin ye-endocrine pathology

Kubalulekile! Ukwemukelwa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kwenzeke kuphela ngemuva kokuqokwa kukadokotela ngokuya ngethosi elinqunyelwe kanye nerejimeni yokwelashwa. Ukuzelapha ngokwakho akuvunyelwe.

I-Gland kanye ne-insulin secretory cell transplantation

Njengamanje, impi yokulwa nesifo sikashukela isebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwamanyikwe (ama-pancreas) aphelele noma iziqithi zeLangerhans-Sobolev kuphela. Uma udokotela ethatha isinqumo sokuhambisa isitho sonke, kungavela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo: amasosha omzimba awemukeli ukufakelwa kwesinye isitho, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ziyaqala, ukuzicwilisa kusebenze.

Ukuze ulwe ukwaliwa i-gland, kusetshenziswa ama-hormone e-adrenal cortex ne-cytostatics. Eminyakeni yamuva, amangqamuzana okugcina insulin atshalwa ngenkuthalo. "Zitshalwe" emsipha we-rectus abdominis noma esibindini. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kwesifo sikashukela kunganxephezela "isifo esimnandi" futhi kuvikele ukukhula kwezinkinga ezibangelwa yimithambo. Ngeshwa, ukusebenza kahle kokufakelwa kwamaseli kuyinto yesikhashana futhi akuhlali isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ukwelashwa komzimba

Ukuvuselelwa kwesifo sikashukela, njengezindlela zokwelashwa, kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-physiotherapy. Ungaqeda ukubonisa okubonakalayo usebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Hyperbaric oxygenation yegazi;
• i-magnetotherapy;
• i-balneotherapy;
• izidakamizwa electrophoresis;
• plasmapheresis;
• i-acupuncture.

Izindlela zabantu

Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuqeda isifo sikashukela, iziguli zisebenzisa zonke izindlela zokulwa ne-pathology ukufeza isinxephezelo esizinzile.

I-Phytotea - umuthi onciphisa i-glycemia futhi ukhuphula ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone

Inombolo yeresiphi

Lungiselela ingxube yezithako ezilandelayo:

• Utshani be-wort base-St John - 3 tbsp .;
• izimbali ze-dieelle - 1 tsp;
• i-yarrow - 1 tsp;
• utshani obabotshisiwe - 1 tbsp

Thela le ngxube ngamalitha amanzi ayi-1.5, ulethe kubilikhi, uwususe bese uwuthumela endaweni emnyama ukumnika. Kungcono ukulungiselela ukumiliselwa okunjalo kusihlwa, ukuze ekuseni ukwazi ukukuthatha. Phuza inkomishi yekota kathathu ngosuku.

Inombolo yeresiphi 2

Ungadla amasaladi ngokusetshenziselwa izitshalo zokwelapha (amaqabunga e-dandelion, i-nettle, i-plantain, i-medunica, i-sorrel). Ukuthi wenzeni ngezingxenye: izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zigezwe, zomiswe, zichotshozwe. Udinga ukugcwalisa ukhilimu omuncu noma uwoyela wemifino, engeza usawoti omncane ukunambitha.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngamakhambi abantu kule ndatshana.

Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukuqeda isifo sikashukela kulesisigaba samanje, umuntu kufanele alandele izeluleko zikadokotela ohambele ukusekela amanani afanele eglucose. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga eziningi futhi kugcinwe isigqi sokuphila lapho isiguli sizijwayele.