Emizimbeni yawo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela, kunama-hormone athile kashukela asiza ukugcina amazinga evamile eglucose. Lokhu kufaka i-insulin, i-adrenaline, i-glucagon, i-hormone yokukhula, i-cortisol.
I-insulin yi-hormone ekhiqizwa ngamanyikwe, ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise ngesikhathi inani le-glucose futhi uvikele ukwephulwa emzimbeni. Uma kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin ye-hormone emzimbeni, okuqukethwe kweglucose kuqala ukukhuphuka kakhulu, okudala ukugula okungathiwa yisifo sikashukela mellitus.
Ngenxa ye-glucagon, i-adrenaline, i-cortisol kanye ne-hormone yokukhula, amazinga kashukela egazi ayakhuphuka, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokwejwayelekile amazinga eglucose uma kwenzeka kuyi-hypoglycemia. Ngakho-ke, i-insulin iyinto elawulwayo kushukela - i-hormone ehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Umthethonqubo woshukela womzimba
Umzimba womuntu ophilile uyakwazi ukulawula ushukela wegazi ebangeni elincane eliphakathi kuka-4 no-7 mmol / ilitha. Uma isiguli sinokwehla kwe-glucose ukuya ku-3,5 mmol / ilitha noma ngaphansi, umuntu uqala ukuzizwa kabi kakhulu.
Ushukela oncishisiwe unomphumela oqondile kuyo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba, lolu uhlobo lokuzama ukudlulisela olwazini lobuchopho mayelana nokuncipha kanye nokuntuleka kakhulu kweshukela. Uma kwenzeka kwehla ushukela emzimbeni, yonke imithombo ye-glucose engahle iqale ukubamba iqhaza ekugcineni ibhalansi.
Ikakhulu, ushukela uqala ukwakha amaprotheni namafutha. Futhi, izinto ezidingekayo zingena egazini kusuka ekudleni, esibindini, lapho ushukela ugcinwa khona ngendlela ye-glycogen.
- Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubuchopho buyisitho esizimele se-insulin, ngeke sisebenze ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlinzekwa njalo kwe-glucose. Ngoshukela osezingeni eliphansi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyayeka, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe ushukela we-glucose.
- Ngokungabikho isikhathi eside kwezinto ezidingekayo, ubuchopho buqala ukuzivumelanisa nezimo bese busebenzisa eminye imithombo yamandla, imvamisa kuba ngamakhemikhali. Okwamanje, la mandla kungenzeka anganele.
- Isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele senzeka ngesifo sikashukela kanye noshukela omkhulu wegazi. Amangqamuzana angahambisani ne-insulin aqala ukubamba ushukela ngokweqile, obangela ukulimala kumuntu kanye nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
Uma i-insulin isiza amazinga aphansi kashukela, khona-ke i-cortisol, i-adrenaline, i-glucagon, i-hormone yokukhula iyabakhulisa. Njengamazinga aphezulu eglucose, idatha encishisiwe iyingozi enkulu kuwo wonke umzimba, umuntu uba ne-hypoglycemia. Ngakho-ke, i-hormone ngayinye esegazini ilawula izinga le-glucose.
Futhi, uhlelo lwezinzwa lwe-autonomic lubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokwenza uhlelo lwe-hormonal lube ngokwejwayelekile.
Ukuzibandakanya kwe-Glucagon
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon ye-hormone kwenzeka kumanyikwe, kuhlanganiswa amaseli we-alpha weziqithi zeLangerhans. Ukwanda koshukela wegazi ngokubamba iqhaza kwawo kwenzeka ngokukhishwa kwe-glucose kusuka ku-glycogen esibindini, futhi i-glucagon nayo isebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose kusuka kumaphrotheni.
Njengoba wazi, isibindi sisebenza njengendawo yokugcina ushukela. Lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lidlulwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ngosizo lwe-hormone insulin ivela kumaseli wesibindi futhi uhlala lapho ngesimo se-glycogen.
Lapho izinga loshukela liba phansi futhi linganele, ngokwesibonelo, ebusuku, i-glucagon ingena emsebenzini. Kuqala ukudiliza i-glycogen kuya ku-glucose, okuvele kuyo egazini.
- Emini, umuntu uzizwa elambile njalo emahoreni amane noma kwesinye isikhathi, kanti ebusuku umzimba ungakwazi ukudla ngaphandle kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusuku i-glycogen iqubuka esibindini iye glucose.
- Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kufanele ungakhohlwa ukuphinda ugcwalise lokhu kudla, uma kungenjalo i-glucagon ngeke ikwazi ukukhuphula ushukela wegazi, okuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia.
- Isimo esifanayo sivame ukwenzeka uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engazange alidle inani elifunekayo lama-carbohydrate, adlala ezemidlalo ntambama, ngenxa yalokho konke ukuqoqwa kwe-glycogen kudliwe ngesikhathi sasemini. Kubandakanya i-hypoglycemia kungenzeka. Uma umuntu ephuza utshwala ngosuku olwedlule, njengoba enza umsebenzi we-glucagon ungasebenzi.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukutholakala kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-beta-cell insulin, kodwa futhi kuguqula umsebenzi wamaseli we-alpha. Ikakhulu, i-pancreas ayikwazi ukukhiqiza izinga elifunayo le-glucagon ngokusweleka kwe-glucose emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, imiphumela ye-hormone insulin neglucagon iyaphazamiseka.
Kubandakanya kuma-diabetes, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon akwehli ngokunyuka kweshukela egazini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-insulin ilawulwa ngokungaziphathi kahle, ihamba kancane kancane iye kumaseli we-alpha, ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwe-hormone kwehla kancane kancane futhi kungakwazi ukumisa ukukhiqizwa kweglucagon. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwe-glucose ekudleni, ushukela ovela esibindini otholwe lapho kuqhutshwa ukubola nawo ungena egazini.
Kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela bahlale behliselwa i-glucagon futhi bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa uma kwenzeka kuyi-hypoglycemia.
Umsebenzi we-Adrenaline
I-Adrenaline yi-hormone yokuxineka evezwa yizindlala ze-adrenal. Kuyasiza ukukhulisa ushukela wegazi ngokuphula i-glycogen esibindini. Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-adrenaline kwenzeka ezimweni ezicindezelayo, umkhuhlane, i-acidosis. Le hormone isiza nasekunciphiseni ukuthathwa koshukela ngamaseli omzimba.
Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose kwenzeka ngenxa kokukhishwa ushukela kusuka ku-glycogen esibindini, ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwe-glucose kusuka kumaphrotheni ekudleni, kanye nokwehla kokufakwa kwayo ngamangqamuzana omzimba. I-Adrenaline ku-hypoglycemia ingadala izimpawu ngendlela yokuqhaqhazela, i-palpitations, ukukhuphuka kokujuluka. Futhi, i-hormone inegalelo ekuqhekekeni kwamafutha.
Ekuqaleni, kwasungulwa ngokwemvelo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline ye-hormone kwenzeka lapho ubhekene nengozi. Umuntu wasendulo wayedinga amandla amaningi ukuze alwe nesilo. Empilweni yesimanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlushwa noma ukwesaba ngenxa yezindaba ezimbi. Kulokhu, amandla angeziwe awadingeki kumuntu okulesi simo.
- Kumuntu ophile kahle, i-insulin iqala ukukhiqizwa ngenkuthalo ngesikhathi sokuxineka, ngenxa yokuthi ama-indices kashukela ahlala evamile. Kwabashukela, akulula ukuyeka ukuthuthukisa injabulo noma ukwesaba. Isifo sikashukela, i-insulin ayanele, ngenxa yalokhu kunengozi yokuba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
- Nge-hypoglycemia kwisifo sikashukela, ukukhiqizwa okukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline kukhuphula ushukela wegazi futhi kuvuselele ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen esibindini. Okwamanje, i-hormone inyusa ukujuluka, ibangela ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo kanye nomuzwa wokukhathazeka. I-Adrenaline ibuye yehlise namafutha ukwenza ama-acid wamahhala, lapho ama-ketones esibindini azokwakha khona ngokuzayo.
Ukubamba iqhaza kweCortisol
I-Cortisol yi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu ekhishwa yizindlala ze-adrenal lapho kwenzeka isimo esicindezelayo futhi sisiza ukwandisa ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
Ukwanda kwezinga likashukela kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-glucose kusuka kumaprotheni kanye nokwehla kokufakwa kwayo ngamangqamuzana omzimba. I-hormone ibuye ichithe namafutha ukwenza ama-acid wamahhala, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-ketones.
Ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-cortisol kwisifo sikashukela, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu, ukudangala, ukwehla kwe-potency, izinkinga zamathumbu, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo, ukuqwasha, umuntu uyaguga ngokushesha, athole isisindo.
- Ngamazinga e-hormone akhuphukile, isifo sikashukela senzeka ngokungacabangi futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga ziyakhula. I-Cortisol iyiphinda kabili i-glucose - okokuqala ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ngemuva kokuqala kokuqhekeka kwezicubu zomzimba kuya kushukela.
- Enye yezimpawu ze-cortisol ephezulu umuzwa ongapheli wendlala kanye nesifiso sokudla amaswidi. Okwamanje, lokhu kuba imbangela yokudla ngokweqile nokuthola isisindo ngokweqile. Esikhathini sikashukela, ama-deposits amafutha avela esiswini, futhi izinga le-testosterone liyancipha. Kubandakanya la ma-hormone ukuzivikela komzimba okuphansi, okuyingozi kakhulu kumuntu ogulayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba usebenza emngceleni ngomsebenzi we-cortisol, ubungozi bomuntu obangelwa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo bukhula kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone inciphisa ukumuncwa komzimba kwe-collagen ne-calcium, okubangela amathambo abuthakathaka futhi inqubo eyehlisa ijubane yokuvuselelwa kwezicubu zamathambo.
Umsebenzi wokukhula kwama-hormone
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula kwenzeka emgodini we-pituitary, otholakala eduze kwengqondo. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili ukukhuthaza ukukhula, kanti i-hormone nayo ingakhuphula ushukela wegazi ngokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose ngamangqamuzana omzimba.
I-hormone yokukhula inyusa isisindo semisipha futhi inyusa ukuwohloka kwamafutha. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone okusebenzayo kwenzeka kakhulu kwintsha, lapho iqala ukukhula ngokushesha kanye nokuthomba kwenzeka. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho isidingo somuntu se-insulin sikhuphuka.
Endabeni yokuwohloka kwesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside, isiguli singathola ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni komzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esikhathini sokubeletha, ama-hormone okukhula asebenza njengento ekhuthaza kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwama-somatomedins. Ngo-diabetes, okwamanje, isibindi sithola ukumelana nemiphumela yaleli hormone.
Ngokulashwa kwe-insulin okufika ngesikhathi, le nkinga ingagwenywa.
Izimpawu zokusebenzisa i-insulin ngokweqile
Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, esine-insulin ethe xaxa emzimbeni, kutholakala izimpawu ezithile. Isifo sikashukela sibhekana nokucindezelwa okuvame kakhulu, ukusebenza ngokweqile ngokushesha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa izinga eliphakeme ngokweqile le-testosterone, abesifazane bangase babe nokuntuleka kwe-estradiol.
Futhi, isiguli siphazanyiswa ukulala, indlala yegilo ayisebenzi ngamandla aphelele. Ukwephula umthetho kungaholela ekusebenzeni okuphansi ngokomzimba, ukusetshenziswa njalo kokudla okuyingozi okugcwele ama-carbohydrate angenalutho.
Imvamisa, ngokwanda ushukela wegazi, inani elifanelekile le-insulin liyakhiqizwa, le hormone iqondisa ushukela ezicutshini zemisipha noma endaweni yokuqongelela. Njengoba sineminyaka yobudala noma ngenxa yokuqongelela amafutha omzimba, ama-insulin receptors aqala ukusebenza kahle, futhi ushukela awukwazi ukuxhumana ne-hormone.
- Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuba umuntu edlile, izinkomba ze-glucose zihlala ziphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu silele ekusebenzeni kwe-insulin, naphezu kokukhiqizwa kwayo okusebenzayo.
- Ama-receptors obuchopho aqaphela amazinga kashukela aphakama njalo, futhi ubuchopho buthumela isibonakaliso esifanele kumanyikwe, bafuna ukukhipha i-insulin eyengeziwe ukwenza isimo sibe yiso leso. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-hormone iyachichima emangqamuzaneni nasegazini, ushukela usakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke, futhi isifo sikashukela sikhula nge-hypoglycemia.
Ukumelana ne-insulin
Futhi, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuzwela okunciphile kwe-insulin ye-hormone kuvame ukubonwa, lokhu kudala inkinga. Kulesi simo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela wembula ukuhlasela okuphezulu kwe-insulin neglucose.
Ushukela luqongelela ngohlobo lwama-deposits wamafutha esikhundleni sokuchithwa ngendlela yamandla. Njengoba i-insulin njengamanje ingakwazi ukuthinta ngokuphelele amangqamuzana emisipha, umuntu angabona umphumela wokuntuleka kwesamba sokudla esidingekayo.
Njengoba amangqamuzana entula uphethiloli, umzimba uhlala uthola isibonakaliso sendlala, yize kuneshukela elanele. Lesi simo sicaphukisa ukunqwabelana kwamafutha emzimbeni, ukubukeka kwesisindo ngokweqile kanye nokuthuthuka kokukhuluphala. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, isimo esinokuqina kwesisindo somzimba siyanda kuphela.
- Ngenxa yokungazweli okwanele kwe-insulin, umuntu ugcoba ngisho nokudla okuncane. Inkinga efanayo yenza buthaka kakhulu ukuvikela komzimba, okwenza ukuthi isifo sikashukela sithathwe izifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Amacala avela odongeni lwemithambo yegazi, okuholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.
- Ngenxa yokwanda okwakha amaseli wemisipha ebushelelezi emithanjeni yemithambo yegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi kwizitho ezibalulekile zangaphakathi kuncishiswa kakhulu.
- Igazi liba namathe futhi libangele ama-platelet, okuthi nawo acasule i-thrombosis. Njengomthetho, i-hemoglobin kusifo sikashukela, esihambisana nokumelana ne-insulin, iba ngaphansi.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izembula izimfihlo ze-insulin ngendlela ethakazelayo.
