Lapho usebenzisa umuthi we-Metformin 500, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyakwazi ukuvusa imiphumela emibi eminingi emzimbeni. I-Metformin ikhiqizwa abakhiqizi bamakhemikhali ngendlela yamathebulethi ahlanganiswe nengubo ekhethekile yefilimu.
Ithebhulethi elilodwa leMetformin liqukethe ama-500 mg we-Metformin esebenzayo ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali. Inhlanganisela esebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwemithi ikuhlobo lwe-hydrochloride.
Ngaphezu kwenhlanganisela enkulu esebenzayo, ukwakheka kwamathebhulethi kufaka phakathi amakhompiyutha angeziwe enza umsebenzi wokusiza.
Izingxenye ezisizayo zezibhebhe zeMetformin yilezi:
- i-microcrystalline cellulose;
- i-croscarmellose;
- amanzi ahlanziwe;
- polyvinylpyrrolidone;
- i-magnesium stearate.
Ikhompiyutha esebenzayo, i-metformin hydrochloride, yi-greatuanide. Isenzo saleli khompiyutha sincike emandleni okuvimbela izinqubo ze-gluconeogeneis ezenziwa kumaseli wesibindi.
Umuthi usiza ukwehlisa izinga lokufakwa kweglucose kusuka ku-lumen yephephabhuku esiswini futhi kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kweglucose kusuka ku-plasma yegazi ngamangqamuzana ezitho zomzimba.
Isenzo somuthi sihloselwe ukwandisa ukuzwela kwama-receptors ama-membrane amaseli wamaseli we-tishu ancike kwi-insulin kwi-insulin ye-hormone. Umuthi awukwazi ukuthonya izinqubo eziqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-insulin kumaseli wezicubu ze-pancreatic futhi akubeki ukubonakala kwezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia emzimbeni.
Umuthi usiza ukumisa izimpawu ze-hyperinsulinemia. Lesi sakamuva siyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebamba iqhaza ekwandeni kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokwanda kwezinkinga ezihambisana nomsebenzi we-vascular system in sikashukela. Ukuthatha umuthi kuholela ekuqiniseni isimo somzimba kanye nokwehla kwesisindo somzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi kunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-plasma ye-triglycerides kanye nama-linoprotein aphansi.
Ukuthatha umuthi kuholela ekunciphiseni kobukhulu bezinqubo ze-oxidation kanye nokuvinjwa kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamafutha acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela we-fibrinolytic wento esebenzayo emzimbeni wembuliwe; i-PAI-1 ne-t-PA zivinjelwe.
Amathebulethi anomthelela ekumisweni kokuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwezakhi zezicubu zezindonga zemithambo.
Umphumela omuhle wemithi yesimo esijwayelekile senhliziyo nezinhlelo zamaseli wembule, okuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Ukusetshenziswa komuthi
Ama-Metformin amaphilisi athathwa ngomlomo.
Lapho uthatha umuthi, kunconywa ukuthi ugwinye wonke amatafula ngaphandle kokuhlafuna.
Umuthi kufanele usetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokudla noma ngokushesha emva kwawo. Thatha iphilisi ngenani elanele lamanzi.
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusebenzisa umuthi ubukhona besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esigulini.
Imiyalo esetshenzisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi umuthi ungasetjenziswa kwinqubo ye-monotherapy noma njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi namanye ama-ejenti anezakhiwo ze-hypoglycemic noma ngokuhlanganiswa ne-inulin.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa ebuntwaneni, kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi kuvunyelwe ezinganeni zombili njenge-monotherapy, futhi kuhlangene nemijovo ye-insulin.
Umthamo wokuqala lapho uthatha umuthi ngu-500 mg. Umuthi unconywa ukuthi uphuzwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku. Uma kunesidingo, ngokwamukelwa okuqhubekayo, isilinganiso somuthi singandiswa. Ukwanda komthamo othathwe kuya ngezinga lokuxineka koshukela emzimbeni.
Lapho usebenzisa iMetformin endimeni yokwelashwa kokulondolozwa, umthamo othathwe uhlukahluka kusuka ku-1,500 kuya ku-2000 mg ngosuku. Umthamo wansuku zonke kufanele uhlukaniswe izikhathi ezingama-2-3, lokhu kusebenzisa umuthi kugwema ukubonakala kwemiphumela emibi evela emgodini wesisu. Umthamo omkhulu ovunyelwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yokusebenzisa yi-3000 mg ngosuku.
Lapho uthatha umuthi, umthamo kufanele ukhuphuke kancane kancane kuze kufike inani elifanele, le ndlela izothuthukisa ukubekezelela umuthi emgudwini we-gastrointestinal.
Uma isiguli siqala ukuthatha iMetformin ngemuva kwesinye isidakamizwa se-hypoglycemic, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuthatha iMetformin, esinye isidakamizwa kufanele simiswe ngokuphelele.
Lapho usebenzisa umuthi ebuntwaneni, umuthi kufanele uqalwe ngomthamo we-500 mg kanye ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15, kuhlolwa igazi nge-glucose futhi, uma kunesidingo, isilinganiso somuthi osithathiwe siyalungiswa. Isilinganiso esiphezulu somuthi nsuku zonke seziguli ebuntwaneni ngu-2000 mg. Lomthamo kufanele uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-2 ngosuku.
Uma umuthi usetshenziswa ngabantu asebekhulile, ukulungiswa komthamo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kodokotela ohambelayo. Le mfuneko ingenxa yokuthi asebekhulile, ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga ahlukahlukene wehluleki lwezinso emzimbeni kungenzeka.
Isikhathi sokusebenzisa umuthi sinqunywa ngudokotela ohambelayo.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukwelashwa akufanele kuphazanyiswe ngaphandle kwemiyalo kadokotela ohambelayo.
Contraindication ekusebenziseni isidakamizwa
Njenganoma yisiphi isidakamizwa, iMetformin inezinombolo eziningi zokuphikisana okufanele zisetshenziswe.
Imvamisa, ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli nezici zokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni wesiguli.
Ngokungeziwe ku-contraindication ejwayelekile, kunezindlela zokwenqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa kwomuthi kuhlangene nemithi ethile.
I-contraindication eyinhloko ekusebenziseni umuthi yile elandelayo:
- Ukuba khona kwe-hypersensitivity ezintweni eziphambili noma ezisizayo zomuthi
- Ukuba khona emzimbeni we-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, ukuqina kwesifo sikashukela kanye nesibindi.
- Ukuqala kwezimo ezixakile ezihambisana nokwenzeka kwezicubu hypoxia emzimbeni.
- Kwenziwa imisebenzi ebanzi yokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuvela kokuhluleka kwesibindi.
- Ukuba khona kotshwala obungamahlalakhona.
- Ukuba khona kwe-lactocytosis emzimbeni.
- Isikhathi sokuzala ingane.
- Isiguli sineminyaka engaphansi kwe-10 ubudala.
Lapho usebenzisa umuthi, kufanele ugweme ukuhlanganisa umuthi notshwala, ukungondleki, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamakhalori aphansi, lapho kukhona ukwehluleka kwesibindi.
Kunezinhlanganisela zezidakamizwa okufanele zisetshenziswe ngezinga eliphakeme lokuqapha; le mishanguzo ifaka phakathi;
- UDanazole
- I-Chlorpromazine.
- I-Glucocorsteroids.
- Ama-diuretics.
Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kweMetformin ngalezi zinhlobo zemithi, kufanele uhlaziye amazinga kashukela egazini kaningi. Uma kunesidingo, lungisa umthamo womuthi othathwe.
Endabeni yokusebenzisa umuthi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-sulfonylurea derivatives, insulin noma i-salicylates, izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zingavela emzimbeni wesiguli.
Uma wephula imiyalo yokusetshenziswa emzimbeni wesiguli, kuvela izimpawu zomuthi osedokotela.
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko se-overdose yeMetformin emzimbeni ukubukeka nokukhula kwe-lactic acidosis.
Uma kwenzeka kwe-overdose nezimpawu ze-lactic acidosis, ukwelashwa nge-Metformin kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha, futhi isiguli esinezimpawu zokuxinana kufanele silaliswe esibhedlela. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelapha i-lactic acidosis emzimbeni wesiguli esinesifo sikashukela inqubo ye-hemodialysis.
Ngaphezu kwenqubo ye-hemodialysis, ukwelashwa okubonakalayo nakho kuyenziwa.
Imicimbi engemihle nge-Metformin therapy
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa iMetformin ichaza ngokuningiliziwe yonke imiphumela emibi engenzeka ngokusetshenziswa komuthi.
Yonke imiphumela emibi eyenzeka lapho usebenzisa umuthi ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amaningi.
Imiphumela emibi ihlukaniswe kaningi, infrequent, akuvamile, akuvamile futhi kungaziwa.
Kuyaqabukela, imiphumela emibi efana ne-lactic acidosis yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ivela.
Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwalo muthi, kukhona ukwehla kokufakwa kwe-vitamin B12. Uma isiguli sine-megaloblastic anemia, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthuka isimo esinje.
Imiphumela emiphumela emisha imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- ukwephulwa kokubona ukunambitheka;
- ukwephulwa komgudu wokugaya ukudla;
- ukubonakala komzwa wokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo;
- ukubonakala kwesifiso sokuhlanza;
- ukuvela kobuhlungu esiswini;
- ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla.
Le miphumela emibi ivame ukukhula esikhathini sokuqala kokuphuza umuthi futhi ivele inyamalale kancane kancane.
Ngokwengeziwe, imiphumela emibi elandelayo ingenzeka:
- Ukusikeka kwesikhumba ngendlela yokulunywa nokuqhuma.
- Ukusebenza kahle kokungasebenzi kwesibindi kanye nepheshana lokupholisa.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukhula kwe-hepatitis emzimbeni kungenzeka.
Imiphumela emibi eyenzeka lapho usebenzisa umuthi ezigulini ezingane iyafana nemiphumela emibi evela ezigulini zabantu abadala.
Ukufana kwezidakamizwa nezindleko zaso nefomu lokukhishwa
Umuthi uyatholakala ngesimo samathebulethi. Amatafula afakelwe amaphakethe we-blister enziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride ne-aluminium foil. Iphakethe ngalinye liqukethe amaphilisi ayi-10.
Kubekwa amaphakethe ayisithupha encwadi ebhokisini lekhadibhodi, eliqukethe nemiyalo yokusebenzisa. Iphakethe lekhadibhodi lomuthi liqukethe amaphilisi angama-60.
Gcina umuthi endaweni evikelwe elangeni eliqondile emazingeni okushisa angeqi ama-25 degrees Celsius. Umuthi kumele ugcinwe kude nezingane ungawutholi.
Impilo yamashalofu yomkhiqizo wezokwelapha yiminyaka emithathu. Umuthi uthengiswa emakhemisi ngokunikezwa umuthi.
Ukubuyekezwa okuningi okuhlangabezwane nakho kweziguli ezisebenzisa lo muthi kuyinto enhle. Ukuvela kwezibuyekezo ezingezinhle kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwemiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi noma uma wephula izincomo ezitholwe kudokotela ohambelayo. Kaningi kuba nokubuyekezwa kweziguli, okukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi kunciphisa kakhulu isisindo somzimba.
Umenzi omkhulu wezidakamizwa eRussia Federation yi-Ozone LLC.
Intengo yomuthi engxenyeni yeRussian Federation incike kwinethiwekhi yamakhemisi kanye nesifunda lapho uthengiswa khona lo muthi. Intengo emaphakathi yomuthi e-Russian Federation isukela kuma-ruble ayi-105 kuye kwangama-125 iphakethe ngalinye.
Ama-analogues ajwayelekile kakhulu weMetformin 500 e-Russian Federation yile elandelayo:
- I-Bagomet;
- I-Glycon;
- Glyminfor;
- Glyformin;
- IGlucophage;
- IGlucophage Long;
- Methadiene;
- I-Metospanin;
- Metfogamm 500;
- I-Metformin;
- Metformin Richter;
- I-Metformin Teva;
- Metformin hydrochloride;
- I-Nova Met;
- I-NovoFormin;
- Siofor 500;
- I-Sofamet;
- IFommetin;
- IFomu.
Ukucaciswa okucacisiwe kweMetformin kuyafana kokubumbeka nasakhiweni esisebenzayo.
Inani elikhulu le-analogues ekhona ye-Metformin ivumela, uma kunesidingo, udokotela ohambelayo ukuba akhethe kalula umuthi odingekayo futhi afake i-Metformin ngomunye umshini wezokwelapha. Mayelana nokuthi iMetformin isebenza kanjani kushukela, uchwepheshe uzotshela kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
